声子晶体弹性波带隙理论计算及实验研究

声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙的新型结构功能材料。本文在详细介绍声子晶体弹性波带隙计算方法——平面波展开法的基础上,采用该方法计算了一维金属／丁腈橡胶杆状结构声子晶体及二维空气中正方形排列的钢管阵列声子晶体的弹性波带隙并进行了实验验证。实验结果同理论计算结果吻合较好。     

长度调制的声子晶体梁弯曲振动带隙特性分析

提出一种长度可调制的双周期声子晶体梁结构,研究弯曲波的带隙特性。在无限周期条件下采用传递矩阵法计算准周期声子晶体梁弯曲振动中的弹性波能带结构,并与简单二组元声子晶体梁结构的能带进行对比,然后进一步分析调制参数对带隙的调节机制,结果表明准周期声子晶体梁结构较简单二元声子晶体梁能够产生更大带宽、更多频段的带隙。在有限周期条件下采用有限元法计算准周期声子晶体梁的振动传递特性,证明理论计算的正确性。所提出的准周期声子晶体梁结构可在使用较少材料的基础上大幅度拓宽带隙并具有更强的带隙调控力,为梁类工程结构的减振提供更多选择,并可为新型滤波器、隔振平台的设计提供新思路。     

一维固-液平板声子晶体中弹性波的模式和带隙

利用一维固-液结构平板声子晶体中弹性波横向受限的条件,推导出弹性波在一维固-液结构平板声子晶体中各个模式满足的关系式,利用这个关系式并结合转移矩阵计算出弹性波各模式的带隙随模式量子数和平板厚度以及入射角的变化规律。得出了一些不同于一维固-液结构非受限声子晶体带隙的新特征。     

声子晶体与汽车振动噪声控制

声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙的周期性结构功能材料,振动频率在声子晶体带隙范围内的振动会被抑制或禁止传播,它所具有的这种弹性波带隙特性为减振技术的发展提供了一种新的可能.在介绍声子晶体的基本理论及特征的基础上,阐述了声子晶体在振动与噪声控制领域的研究现状及声子晶体在汽车减振降噪方面的应用.     

二维三组元液系声子晶体声波带隙结构

1.引言 近年来,关于弹性波在周期性复合介质中传播的研究比较活跃[1-14].弹性波受到周期性复合材料弹性常数的调制,会产生声子带隙,即一定频率范围内弹性波的传播被抑制或禁止,此类复合材料称为声子晶体[1].声子晶体每个组元具有三个独立的弹性参数,即质量密度ρ、纵波波速cl、横波波速ct,所以声子晶体带隙特性的研究具有更丰富的物理内涵.另外声子晶体在无源隔音、精密机械平台减振、声滤波器等新型声学功能材料方面具有广泛的应用前景.因此,声子晶体带隙特性的研究正在成为一个新的热点.     

一种新型复合局域共振型声子晶体带隙特性

设计了一种新型复合局域共振型声子晶体,通过建立弹簧-质量块等效模型用于计算带隙的上下边界频率,同时结合有限元方法分析了该结构共振带隙的产生机理,根据带隙起止点频率处的位移模态研究了声子晶体的带隙特性。研究结果表明,该声子晶体结构在频率2 200 Hz附近产生三条完整带隙,其中一条是带宽达406.17 Hz的宽带隙。对于有限周期结构的声子晶体进行了传输特性仿真和隔声实验测试,在相同的频段内弹性波传播受到了阻碍。最后,对影响声子晶体带隙打开的几种因素进行分析,讨论了带隙上下边界调控机制。研究结果为声子晶体获得较宽的低频带隙提供了一种新的设计思路和方法。     

声子晶体与轮边驱动电动汽车振动噪声控制

声子晶体是一种具有弹性波带隙的周期性非均匀新型复合材料,带隙频率范围内的弹性波传播被抑制或被禁止。在介绍声子晶体概念、基本特征及带隙理论的基础上,阐述了声子晶体在振动与噪声控制领域的研究现状;对轮边驱动电动汽车振动噪声的产生机理、频域特性、声品质、现有车用减振降噪材料技术进行分析,得出现有车用减振降噪材料与轮边驱动电动汽车振动噪声的矛盾;最后结合声子晶体各种特性和该矛盾,对声子晶体在电动汽车减振降噪方面的应用研究和挑战做了分析。     

基于COMSOL局域共振声子晶体薄板振动带隙研究

针对低频振动控制问题,研究一种局域共振声子晶体薄板的振动带隙。首先,基于弹性波方程及Bloch定理,探讨应用COMSOL有限元模拟方法开展声子晶体振动带隙计算的可靠性;然后,模拟计算所设计的局域共振声子晶体薄板的振动带隙,分析其带隙结构和元胞结构参数对振动带隙的影响,并以200 Hz～400 Hz的中低频为目标频段,通过选择带隙宽度在目标频段内占比最大的参数组合作为声子晶体薄板的最优设计方案;最后,在频域上考察声子晶体薄板内波的传输特性。研究表明,利用COMSOL有限元模拟方法开展声子晶体振动带隙计算是可靠的,与数值计算方法相比,其计算的带隙参数误差都很小;对于所设计的局域共振声子晶体薄板,元胞的结构参数对振动带隙具有显著影响,通过优选元胞结构参数,可使声子晶体薄板的振动带隙向低频区域移动;薄板内波的传输特性和薄板的振动位移图进一步证实了在振动带隙内薄板对波传播的阻碍作用。     

基于声子晶体的车内噪声研究

声子晶体是近年来提出的一种新型功能材料,是一种由两种或多种材料组成的具有周期性结构和弹性波带隙的声学功能材料或结构,并且振动频率在声子晶体带隙范围内的振动会被抑制或禁止传播,它所具有的这种弹性波带隙特性为汽车车内噪声控制,特别是车内低频噪声控制提供了一种新的研究方法.在介绍了声子晶体的概念、基本特征及能带结构的基础上,阐述了声子晶体在振动与噪声控制领域的研究现状,同时对车内噪声的产生机理进行了分析,最后对声子晶体在应用于汽车车内降噪方面的研究做了展望.     

幂指数棱台声子晶体对薄板振动弯曲波的调控特性研究

针对薄板结构的振动控制,提出了一种幂指数棱台声子晶体构型,并对其带隙的产生机理和影响因素进行了分析,结果表明提出的幂指数棱台声子晶体具有三个弯曲波完全带隙,其中第二带隙宽度可达850 Hz。联合数值仿真和试验方法对声子晶体的弯曲波带隙进行了验证。随着棱台结构高度的增加,三个带隙的带宽扩大。棱台的幂函数幂次升高会使带隙的起始频率与终止频率降低,而边缘厚度的增高会弱化能量聚焦效应使带隙的宽度逐渐变窄。具有线缺陷的声子晶体板可使带隙频段内的弯曲波沿着设计路径传播。     

一维嵌套结构声子晶体透射特性

设计新型周期嵌套结构一维声子晶体,由采用传递矩阵法所得纵波与横波透射率谱图获得较传统一维晶格结构宽数倍的巨带隙与局域模。通过研究结构参数与带隙关系,获得有利于宽带隙产生条件及对局域模影响最大因素。通过控制掺杂材料厚度及位置,能较好实现局域模的精确调控,可显著增强声子晶体低频滤波效应。通过详述研究结果的物理机理,提出准缺陷耦合及缺陷共振等概念。     

Calculations of Lamb wave band gaps and dispersions for piezoelectric phononic plates using mindlin's theory-based plane wave expansion method

Based on Mindlin's piezoelectric plate theory and the plane wave expansion method, a formulation is proposed to study the frequency band gaps and dispersion relations of the lower-order Lamb waves in two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic plates. The method is applied to analyze the phononic plates composed of solid-solid and airsolid constituents with square and triangular lattices, respectively. Factors that influence the opening and width of the complete Lamb wave gaps are identified and discussed. For solid/solid phononic plates, it is suggested that the filling material be chosen with larger mass density, proper stiffness, and weak anisotropic factor embedded in a soft matrix in order to obtain wider complete band gaps of the lower-order Lamb waves. By comparing to the calculated results without considering the piezoelectricity, the influences of piezoelectric effect on Lamb waves are analyzed as well. On the other hand, for air/solid phononic plates, a background material itself with proper anisotropy and a high filling fraction of air may favor the opening of the complete Lamb wave gaps.     

Phononic plate waves

In the past two decades, phononic crystals (PCs) which consist of periodically arranged media have attracted considerable interest because of the existence of complete frequency band gaps and maneuverable band structures. Recently, Lamb waves in thin plates with PC structures have started to receive increasing attention for their potential applications in filters, resonators, and waveguides. This paper presents a review of recent works related to phononic plate waves which have recently been published by the authors and coworkers. Theoretical and experimental studies of Lamb waves in 2-D PC plate structures are covered. On the theoretical side, analyses of Lamb waves in 2-D PC plates using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and finite-element (FE) method are addressed. These methods were applied to study the complete band gaps of Lamb waves, characteristics of the propagating and localized wave modes, and behavior of anomalous refraction, called negative refraction, in the PC plates. The theoretical analyses demonstrated the effects of PC-based negative refraction, lens, waveguides, and resonant cavities. We also discuss the influences of geometrical parameters on the guiding and resonance efficiency and on the frequencies of waveguide and cavity modes. On the experimental side, the design and fabrication of a silicon-based Lamb wave resonator which utilizes PC plates as reflective gratings to form the resonant cavity are discussed. The measured results showed significant improvement of the insertion losses and quality factors of the resonators when the PCs were applied.     

嵌套复式三角晶格固/气型声子晶体的带隙研究

设计了一种新型的嵌套复式三角晶格固/气型声子晶体,用两个相切的圆柱替代简单三角晶格中的每个单圆柱基元,采用平面波法计算了其弹性波带隙结构 。与简单三角晶格相比,嵌套复式三角晶格可以在更低的填充率及更低的频率位置产生宽带隙,在相同的填充率下,嵌套复式三角晶格最高可以获得宽度为4.4倍于简单三角晶格第一带隙宽度的最低带隙,而且中心频率低至简单三角晶格第一带隙中心频率的二分之一。     

一种局域共振型角式声子晶体梁

局域共振型声子晶体梁具有纵向振动带隙和横向振动带隙,一般而言,前者频率范围很窄而且衰减量极小,后者频率范围很宽并且衰减很强,二者往往不在同一频带,因此很难满足同一频带内的多维减振要求。针对这一问题,为充分利用横向振动带隙的宽频带强衰减特性,提出了一种局域共振型角式声子晶体梁,采用传递矩阵法进行了理论分析和数值求解,并进一步在有限元软件中做了仿真验证,结果表明该角梁能够通过纵波与横波的转换,使得三个自由度上的振动均能在同一频带内得到有效的衰减,从而一方面满足了工程上的多维减振需求,另一方面也拓展了声子晶体减振应用场合。     

二维复合压电型表面波声子晶体带隙特性

设计了在镍圆柱体底部添加薄环氧树脂并沉积在铌酸锂基底的二维复合压电型声子晶体。通过有限元法计算了该结构的能带结构、分析了其带隙特性。计算结果显示:通过引入环氧树脂来减小散射体的有效弹性模量,从而降低了声表面波(SAW)完全带隙,同时打开了多条SAW方向带隙。计算了传输损失来验证带隙的存在性且讨论了其传输特性。利用布里渊区高对称点X处不同本征模态的位移场分析了带隙的形成机理。此外,还研究了共振体几何参数对SAW完全带隙、XM方向SAW带隙特性的影响,研究发现,随环氧树脂厚度的增加,在XM方向出现了一条宽为158 MHz的宽禁带。研究结果为设计基于声子晶体的电声设备提供了参考。     

声子晶体研究概况

声子晶体是近年来提出的一种新型功能材料,目前主要处于理论研究阶段.通过与光子晶体类比,可推断由振动材料组成的周期性结构,传输弹性波时也有带隙存在,这种特征可以有效地进行声波控制和振动控制,阐述了声子晶体的概念、基本特征、研究方法和进展.     

周期声学黑洞结构弯曲波带隙与振动特性

作为一种被动型波操控结构,声学黑洞能对弯曲波起到较好聚集作用,再结合阻尼层能更好抑制结构振动波的传播.从声子晶体角度通过周期性排列构造一种声学黑洞结构与基体结合的一维声子晶体结构,选取合适的晶胞,采用有限元法对周期排列的声学黑洞结构弯曲波带隙特性进行研究,对比分析8周期声子晶体梁与等长度的恒定截面梁及周期楔形梁的振动位...     

Effects of the initial stress on the propagation and localization properties of Rayleigh waves in randomly disordered layered piezoelectric phononic crystals

In this paper, the effects of the initial stress on the propagation and localization properties of the Rayleigh surface waves in randomly disordered layered piezoelectric phononic crystals are studied. Due to different mechanical properties between the piezoelectric material and the polymer, different initial stresses in these two layers satisfying the equilibrium condition and interfacial compatibility are considered, which is more suitable for the practical cases. The transfer matrix between two consecutive piezoelectric unit cells is derived according to the continuity conditions. The expression of the localization factor is presented, and the wave localization properties are analyzed. Numerical calculations for the PVDF/PZT–2 periodic composites with the initial stress are performed. The band gap characteristics are studied taking the mechanical and electrical coupling into account. It is found that the localization degree can be influenced by the piezoelectric constants. With the increase in the piezoelectric constant, the stop band regions are enlarged for the ordered structures, and the localization properties of Rayleigh waves are strengthened for the disordered systems. The Rayleigh waves will be localized in mistuned periodic piezoelectric composites. The characteristics of band gaps and wave localization in ordered and disordered piezoelectric phononic crystals can be significantly changed by tuning the initial stress.     

Surface/interface effects on dispersion relations of 2D phononic crystals with parallel nanoholes or nanofibers

Owing to the increasing ratio of surface to bulk volume, surface effects emerge in the mechanical performance of devices and materials when the characteristic size reduces to nanoscale. In this paper, the dispersion relations and the band gap properties of 2D phononic crystals with periodically arranged nanoholes or nanofibers are studied. The scattering matrix of a single scatterer is first derived from a set of nontraditional boundary conditions based on the surface elasticity theory. Then, the addition theorem of cylindrical waves and Bloch’s theorem of periodical structure are used to obtain the dispersion relations of an elastic wave polarized in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the nanoholes or nanofibers. It is found that the surface effect has remarkable influences on the dispersion relations and the band gaps for the phononic crystal with nanoholes. For the 2D phononic crystal with periodical arranged nanofibers, the interface effect is more evident for the softer fibers than for the stiffer fibers.