高层建筑风致振动控制的研究

随着高层以及超高层建筑结构不断向更高和更柔的方向发展,强风作用下这类建筑的传统设计方法有时已经无法完全满足结构的抗风设计要求。因此,提出了采用振动控制来抑制结构风致振动控制的新方法。论文首先概述了高层建筑中风振控制的方法及其国内外的研究现状,然后对其中的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)、主动调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD),以及摩擦阻尼器这3种控制方法详加评述,最后进一步指出我国风振控制研究的发展方向。     

调频减振系统和黏滞阻尼系统在超高层结构中风振控制性能的对比研究

超高层建筑中常用的风振控制措施主要包括调频减振系统和黏滞阻尼系统。系统地阐述了两种方案的基本原理、工程适用性以及参数取值,并结合实际项目较为全面地对比了其抗风性能。虽然调频减振系统在建筑功能的适应度上和施工可实施性上都存在一定的不足,但作为结构风振控制措施仍不失为一种可取方案。黏滞阻尼系统不但可以提升结构在风荷载下的舒适度,还能提升结构在风荷载和地震作用下的刚度和强度,适应了结构应对不同抗风设防水准的性能需求。结合高效的连接形式,黏滞阻尼系统是一种适用于高层、超高层建筑抗风的高性能且经济的减振控制措施。     

圆锥钢塔调频弹簧质量阻尼器风振控制研究

针对调频弹簧质量阻尼器 (TSD)对单管圆锥钢塔风振控制的机理作了深入研究。使用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS ,结合具体工程对TSD的风振控制进行了动静力分析 ,分析了控制参数对控制效果的影响。研究表明 ,TSD可以有效地抑制单管圆锥钢塔的风振反应。     

Structural performance and cost analysis of wind-induced vibration control schemes for a real super-tall building

To evaluate different energy dissipation systems used to control wind-induced vibrations of a 456 m super-tall building in fluctuating wind excitations, the finite element (FE) method was employed to simulate the dynamic responses of the building. A series of wind tunnel pressure tests were conducted on a 1:450 scale model to determine the wind forces acting on the super-tall building. A FE model was also constructed and mass, damping and stiffness matrices were subsequently formulated as an evaluation model for numerical analysis. The evaluation model was further simplified to a state reduced-order system using the state order reduction method. Three different vibration control schemes, namely a tuned mass damper (TMD) system, a system containing only nonlinear viscous dampers and a hybrid control system combining TMD and viscous dampers, were examined through simulations with respect to their effectiveness in reducing the accelerations at the top of the building. Furthermore, a cost evaluation was conducted to determine the most economical structural design and vibration control scheme. The results show that the wind-induced vibrations of the analysed building can be controlled effectively by all the three examined schemes, while the hybrid control scheme and the scheme containing only viscous dampers further reduce the wind-induced vibration to satisfy a more stringent criterion for a six-star hotel. In addition, the hybrid vibration control scheme is also the most cost-effective among the examined schemes.     

阳坊站65m单管圆锥通信塔风振控制及其实测

通过在 65m高的北京移动GSM网工程阳坊基站圆锥形钢管通信塔上安置调频弹簧质量阻尼器(TSD) ,进行了风振控制研究。实测和分析结果表明 ,该减振装置对于单管圆锥塔结构来说是经济、实用的。     

Wind-induced vibration control of long span cable-stayed bridges using multiple pressurized tuned liquid column dampers

This paper explores the possibility of using multiple pressurized tuned liquid column damper (MPTLCD) to reduce wind-induced vibration of long span cable-stayed bridges. By implementing a static pressure inside two sealed air chambers at two ends of a traditional tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), a pressurized tuned liquid column damper (PTLCD) is formed and its natural frequency can be adjusted by not only the length of its liquid column but also the pressure inside its two air chambers. This special feature of PTLCD in frequency tuning greatly facilitates its application to long span cable-stayed bridges for mitigating wind-induced multi-modes of vibration. To further enhance the robustness and effectiveness of PTLCD for vibration control, MPTLCDs are explored in this study. The finite element model of MPTLCD is developed and incorporated into the finite element model of a long span cable-stayed bridge for predicting the buffeting response of the coupled MPTLCD-bridge system in the time domain. The performance of MPTLCD for suppressing combined lateral and torsional vibration of a real long span cable stayed bridge is numerically assessed. The investigations show that the MPTLCD not only provides great flexibility for selecting liquid column length but also significantly reduces the lateral and torsional displacement responses of the long span bridge under wind excitation.     

调频气压液柱阻尼器减振控制研究

调频气压液柱阻尼器（TLCGD）是一种从调频液柱阻尼器发展而来的新型而有效的结构减震装置。在U／V形阻尼器液柱上加上封闭式气压不仅增加了它的使用范围,使频率扩大到5Hz,并且提高了结构的有效阻尼。通过该装置在高层建筑和桥梁上的运用,U／V形调频气压液柱阻尼器能有效地控制水平为主的结构动力反应,而扭转调频气压液柱阻尼器（torsional tuned liquid column gas damper,TTLCGD）是一种能控制结构扭转为主的阻尼器。     

设置混合调谐质量阻尼器的高层建筑风振控制实用设计方法

结合GB 50009-2012《建筑结构荷载规范》中的等效静风荷载计算方法,研究设置主被动可切换的混合调谐质量阻尼器(TMD/ATMD)的规则高层建筑结构的风振分析与实用设计方法。将控制系统的风振控制效果按照风振响应方差相等的原则归结为对受控结构的附加等效阻尼比,推导了控制系统最优参数和附加等效阻尼比的计算公式,给出了惯性质量平均最大行程比、主动控制力和额定功率的简化计算方法;并讨论了主动/被动控制模式的切换准则。最后给出以风振控制Benchmark结构模型为对象的受控结构及混合调谐质量阻尼系统的设计算例。算例分析表明：建议的设计方法可以方便地进行受控结构响应分析和控制系统参数设计;混合调谐质量阻尼器可以有效减小设计等效静风荷载和结构的动力响应。     

Experimental and numerical study on vibration control effects of a compound mass damper

A compound mass damper (CMD) was put forwarded based on the joint vibration control effects of tuned liquid damper and colliding particles. A series of shaking table tests were designed in order to investigate the dynamic response of a single degree of freedom bent frame structure with or without the damper (CMD, tuned mass damper, and tuned liquid damper) under three different kinds of earthquake waves. It is shown that the vibration reduction performance of CMD is generally better than the traditional dampers no matter from peak response attenuation rate or root mean square response attenuation rate. The vibration reduction effect of traditional dampers is susceptible to the characteristics of earthquake waves, whereas CMD is effective in a broader frequency bands. Also, the vibration reduction effect of CMD is not sensitive to the amplitude of earthquake waves, which means the system has good robustness. In addition, CMD has the advantage of fast start‐up. The numerical simulation results of the CMD are obtained through certain simplifications, and are in good agreement with the experimental results, which further verifies the damping effect of the proposed damper and provides a simplified method for its engineering design.     

单重和多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器控制连体超高层建筑风振响应比较研究

连体超高层建筑因存在强烈的气动干扰,在强风下可能会出现大幅相对振动,调谐质量惯容阻尼器(TMDI)是一种振动控制装置,其惯容器两端的相对加速度较大时,TMDI振动控制效果较好.结合两者各自的特点提出了多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器(MTMDI)控制连体超高层建筑的风振响应,两个TMDI分别控制两栋建筑各自的一阶自振频率.首先建...     

Experimental parametric study on wind‐induced vibration control of particle tuned mass damper on a benchmark high‐rise building

A particle tuned mass damper system is an integration of tuned mass damper and particle damper. The damping performance of such device is investigated by an aero‐elastic wind tunnel test on a benchmark high‐rise building. The robustness of the system is studied by comparing the damping performance to that of a traditional tuned mass damper, and the results show that the damper has excellent and steady wind‐induced vibration control effects. Meanwhile, the parameters (filling ratio, mass ratio, and mass ratio of the container to particles), which have great influence on the vibration reduction performance of the system, are also analyzed, and it is found that the particles filling ratio plays the most important role in deciding the damping effects of the dampers. There exists an optimum filling ratio and mass ratios in which the damper can reach the best damping state. Proper parameter selections can greatly improve the damping performance.     

MR阻尼器对高耸结构风振反应的智能控制

介绍了MR阻尼器对高耸结构风振控制的理论与技术。在详细地说明了MR阻尼器的智能特性和力学模型的基础上,提出了MR阻尼器对高耸结构风振半主动控制的基本理论,建立了MR阻尼器对电视塔、输电线塔和桅杆等高耸结构风振半主动控制的设计方法。工程实例的设计和仿真分析表明:MR阻尼器对高耸结构风振反应的智能控制技术具有较好的减振效果,是一种具有广泛应用和推广价值的高耸结构的抗风技术。     

新型悬吊式TMD及其在某标志塔风振控制中的应用

为了控制河南艺术中心标志塔的风致振动,提出了一种采用十字形万向铰轴实现多向振动控制、采用摩擦阻尼片提供附加阻尼、采用放射型弹簧提供附加刚度的新型悬吊式TMD。根据标志塔结构的动力特性,设计加工了足尺TMD,通过实验室试验对其动力性能进行了测试,并将该TMD安装在实际结构上,依据实测频率和阻尼对其参数进行了现场调整。研究表明,该TMD装置具有构造简单,稳定性和持久性好等优点。     

Optimal design and seismic performance of Multi‐Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (MTMDI) applied to adjacent high‐rise buildings

The tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) is an enhanced variant of the tuned mass damper (TMD) that benefits from the mass‐amplification effect of the inerter. Here, a multi‐TMDI (MTMDI) system (comprising more than one TMDI) linking two adjacent high‐rise buildings is presented as an unconventional seismic protection strategy. The relative acceleration response of the adjacent structures triggers large reaction forces of the inerter devices in the MTMDI, which in turn efficiently improve the seismic performance of the two buildings. By addressing a real project of two adjacent high‐rise buildings connected by two corridors equipped with the proposed MTMDI system, the displacement‐, interstory drift‐, and acceleration‐based parametric optimizations are separately performed by employing Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) under 44 ground motions from the FEMA P695 far‐field record set. It is found that the frequency content of the seismic input has strong impact on the MTMDI mitigation performance. Adopting realistic mass ratio constraints, the optimally designed MTMDI outperforms both conventional MTMD and single TMDI in acceleration control, while it is not much effective in mitigating the displacement response due to the highly flexible nature of the high‐rise buildings, in contrast to other literature studies generally focused on low‐to‐medium rise buildings.     

脱排一体式钢塔设置TMD对减轻风致振动的 控制研究

为了减轻脱排一体式钢塔的风致振动,采用调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)控制装置,对其进行风振控制研究。利用ADINA有限元软件,进行脱排一体式钢塔的风洞数值模拟与时程分析,并对脱排一体式钢塔结构进行现场实测,现场实测结果与数值模拟结果误差在15%之内,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性。根据脱排一体式钢塔的结构特性,合理设计了TMD控制装置。进行风荷载作用下设置TMD的脱排一体式钢塔时程分析,结果表明,TMD控制装置可以增加脱排一体式钢塔的等效阻尼比,有效降低脱排一体式钢塔的整体位移、加速度响应与结构底部应力响应,但会增大结构上部与中部的应力响应。TMD与主体结构相对位移较小,可对TMD控制装置进行优化设计。     

MR阻尼器在空间网壳结构风振抑制中的控制策略影响规律研究

磁流变液(MR)阻尼器是一种新型智能材料抗风减振装置,它以适当方式和网壳结构结合,形成具有智能材料杆件的空间网壳结构,以达到抑制结构风振的目的。本文研究了控制策略对空间网壳结构的抗风减振效果的影响。研究表明,不同控制策略导致不同的减振效果。Passive-off控制策略的风振抑制效果较差,Passive-on控制策略对控制结构位移响应效果较好,但对控制速度和加速度效果不佳。半主动控制策略对控制结构的位移、速度和加速度响应均较理想。     

Optimum design of tuned mass dampers for different earthquake ground motion parameters and models

Tuned mass dampers are frequently used for passive control of vibrations in civil structures subject to seismic and wind actions. Their efficiency depends on selection of their mechanical properties in relation to main system and excitation characteristics. This paper proposes an optimum design strategy of single tuned mass dampers to control vibrations of principal mode of structures excited by earthquake ground motion. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of the time modulation of earthquake excitation upon the optimal tuned mass dampers design parameters: frequency and damping ratio. The study is based on numerical analyses carried out with different stochastic models for earthquakes: a simple filtered white noise model and two time modulated filtered white noise models. The numerical analyses are carried out to solve an optimization problem with a performance index defined by the reduction of the standard deviation of either the structure displacement or its inertial acceleration as objective function. To complete the work, the influence of the bandwidth excitation over the values of the optimal tuned mass damper parameters is investigated, as well the optimum mass ratio and the structure frequency. The results of the numeral analyses carried out infer that the earthquake excitation characteristics, including its modulation in time domain, highly affect the optimum tuned mass damper design parameters values.     

调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器减震性能对比研究

基于5层钢框架模型，通过试验对比了在地震激励下调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器的减震性能，并探究了频率失调等因素的影响。通过数值模拟实现了两种阻尼器的优化设计，以考察充分发挥其性能的工况下，两种阻尼器的减震效果以及阻尼器相对位移行程的对比。研究表明：在频率调谐时，调谐质量阻尼器和调谐型颗粒阻尼器均能显著降低主体结构位移和加速度响应，调谐型颗粒阻尼器的减震效果更好，具有一定的减震优势，并且调谐型颗粒阻尼器的相对位移行程更小、减震频带更宽；当两者均为最优设计时，减震效果相当，但是最优化调谐型颗粒阻尼器系统的阻尼器与主体结构之间的相对位移更小，可降低相对位移幅值24.5%，并且具有更好的鲁棒性。     

半主动电涡流单摆式调谐质量阻尼器减震性能研究

为了提高传统的调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）对建筑结构的减震效果,提出了一种可实时调整频率和阻尼的半主动电涡流单摆式调谐质量阻尼器(SAEC-PTMD)。由Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)识别结构的瞬时频率,通过基于HHT的控制算法实时调节SAEC-PTMD的摆长进行频率的调节。研究并拟合了电涡流有效阻尼系数与磁导间距之间的关系,通过基于线性二次型高斯(LQG)的控制算法实时调节磁导间距,以实时调节阻尼系数。为了验证SAEC-PTMD对建筑结构的减震效果,对一单自由度结构模型在地震激励下的震动响应进行数值模拟。数值模拟中,采用一经优化设计的被动TMD (PTMD)作为对比,并考虑由主结构的累积损伤引起自身频率下降而造成PTMD的失调效应。以主结构的加速度和位移时程峰值、整体均方根值及其加速度和位移反应谱作为评价指标,评估了SAEC-PTMD在结构发生损伤前后对PTMD的改良效果。数值模拟结果表明,在结构发生损伤前后,SAEC-PTMD均比经优化设计的PTMD具有更好的减震效果。     

A combined tuned damper and an optimal design method for wind‐induced vibration control for super tall buildings

The wind‐induced vibrations of super tall buildings become excessive due to strong wind loads, super building height and high flexibility. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs) have been widely used to control vibrations for actual super tall buildings for decades. To fully use both the economic advantage of the TLCD system and the high efficiency of the TMD system, an innovative supplemental damping system including both TLCD and TMD and called combined tuned damper (CTD), which can substantially decrease the cost of the damper, was proposed to control the wind‐induced vibrations of tall buildings. The governing equations are generated for the motion of both the primary structure and the CTD and solved to anticipate the dynamic response of the CTD‐structure system. Moreover, an optimal design method of human comfort performance is proposed, in which the life cycle cost of the damper‐structure system is considered as the quantitative index of the performance. The life cycle cost includes the initial cost, the maintenance cost and the failure cost. The failure cost can be calculated using the vibration‐sensation rate model, which is based on the Japanese code AIJES‐V001‐2004. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.