共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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生物质能源是唯一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成气态、液态和固态燃料以及其它化工原料或者产品的碳资源。随着化石资源的枯竭和人类对全球性环境问题的关注,生物质能源替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外众多学者研究和关注的热点。本系列讲座主要讲述以生物质资源为主要原料,通过不同途径转化为洁净的、高品位的气体、液体或固体燃料。本讲主要综述了生物质高压液化、快速热解液化制备液体燃料油技术现状、工艺及设备,并在总结生物质热解液体燃料油特性的基础上,总结了生物热解液体燃料油的物理法精制技术(包括脱水、添加溶剂和乳化)和化学法精制技术(包括催化加氢、催化裂解、催化酯化、水蒸气重整)的研究现状,并对其精制机理、优缺点进行了分析。随着制备和精制技术的深入研究,生物质热解液体燃料油可望替代汽油、柴油等化石燃料而越来越受到人们的关注。 相似文献
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生物质液化技术的研究进展 总被引:22,自引:3,他引:22
生物质液化包括生物化学法生产燃料乙醇和热化学法生产生物油,热化学法又可分为快速热解液化和加压液化。着重介绍了目前达到工业示范规模的各种快速热解液化工艺,如旋转锥反应器、携带床反应器、循环流化床反应器、涡旋反应器、真空热解磨反应器等,以及处于实验室阶段的等离子体液化工艺。指出循环流化床工艺具有很高的加热和传热速率,且处理量可以达到较高的规模,是目前利用最多、液体产率最高的工艺。建议加强纤维素生物酶法糖化发酵生产燃料乙醇工艺的开发以及热化学法生物油精制新工艺的开发。 相似文献
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生物质热解液化的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
贺心燕 《纤维素科学与技术》2010,18(1):62-69
生物质热解液化是一种很有前景的生物质利用方式。文章阐述了国内生物质热解液化技术在工艺和装置方面的研究现状,重点针对加料系统、冷凝系统和热解反应器分析指出存在的问题、解决途径和发展趋势。 相似文献
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Heejin Lee Young-Min Kim In-Gu Lee Jong-Ki Jeon Sang-Chul Jung Jin Do Chung Won Geun Choi Young-Kwon Park 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2016,33(12):3299-3315
Owing to the increasing interest in alternative energy, there is a focus on bio-oil production from biomass because it is an abundant and renewable energy source. Among the various kinds of biomass conversion technologies, pyrolysis has been investigated widely to produce bio-oil. However, the direct use of bio-oil is difficult because of its poor quality due to the large amounts of oxygen-containing compounds, such as acids, ketones, and esters. Therefore, an additional suitable upgrading process for bio-oil is required. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is considered effective for the deoxygenation of bio-oil. This paper reviews the recent progress in the catalytic HDO of bio-oil. In addition, the effects of the solvent and catalyst applied to the HDO of bio-oil are reviewed intensively together with a discussion of the deactivation behavior of the catalyst during HDO. 相似文献
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生物质在高温无氧条件下热解可以生成富含高附加值化学品和燃油成分的生物油。有效分离技术和高效提取手段的发展是生物油质量提升的关键。基于此,本文在介绍生物油性质与生物质快速热解工艺的同时,对目前国内外的生物油分离技术如蒸馏、液-液萃取、柱色谱、超临界萃取、膜分离等进行了较为详细的分析和评述。常规蒸馏和溶剂萃取等技术,工艺成熟、操作简单,但存在生物油的热敏性差、萃取剂回收难度大和污染严重等问题;分子蒸馏技术分离过程安全环保,但工艺复杂,设备成本高;超临界萃取和膜分离等技术安全环保,技术成熟,具有较大的潜力。文章还综述了目前生物油中具有高附加值的组分和单一化学品的分离提取研究进展,为生物油的有效分离和高效利用提供了理论参考,也为未来生物油分离技术的发展提供了研发方向。 相似文献
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生物质快速热裂解制取的生物油是燃料和化学品的重要来源。本文介绍了生物油中有机酸的存在形式、形成机理以及生物油中有机酸的去除方法和利用研究进展,分析了各种方法的优缺点以及目前面临的主要问题。总体来说,开发高效稳定的催化剂应用于催化酯化是去除生物油中有机酸以期获得高品质燃油的重点,而将有机酸在生物油中直接转化为高附加值化工品是较为理想的有机酸利用方式。 相似文献
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生物油在受热条件下极易结焦,结焦是影响生物油规模化利用的重要因素之一,因此深入理解生物油受热结焦特性是实现生物油高效热转化利用的基础。本文从生物油热解过程的关键反应参数(温度、升温速率、气氛、压力、灰分)、生物油化学成分、生物油有机组分间交互作用、自由基反应特性等方面综述了生物油受热结焦特性相关研究进展,总结了反应参数对生物油热解结焦反应网络的影响,梳理了生物油各特征组分单独热解结焦及特征组分间交互作用对结焦特性的影响机制,并基于生物油结焦机理和焦炭的物化特性,总结了通过定向调控生物油结焦反应过程,将焦炭作为燃料和炭材料的潜在利用途径。最后,指出了明晰生物油受热结焦机理还需从生物油组分间交互作用机制和自由基反应机理的角度进一步探究。本文为实现生物油高效热转化利用提供了理论参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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Piyarat Weerachanchai Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai Malee Tangsathitkulchai 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2012,29(2):182-189
Studies of bio-oil upgrading via esterification of palm shell bio-oil and alcohols employing acid catalysts were carried out
in this work. The effects of esterification conditions on reaction conversion and product quality were investigated. Results
indicated that esterification reaction using solid acid catalyst of Amberlyst15 enabled the conversion of organic acids in
the bio-oil to esters and could also reduce certain amount of active aldehydes. The utilization of H2SO4 liquid catalyst was found to give higher conversion at the same reaction condition. Furthermore, higher reaction conversion
to esters was achievable under conditions of higher temperature, longer reaction time, higher amounts of catalyst and alcohol
and the use of shorter hydrocarbon chain of alcohol. Bio-oils, after being subjected to esterification, gave moderate heating
value of 23–25 MJ/kg and improved fuel properties of decreased density, viscosity, carbon residue content, ash content, pour
point and acidity. 相似文献
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Chunyan Yang Xiaoliang Yuan Xueting Wang Kejing Wu Yingying Liu Changjun Liu Houfang Lu Bin Liang 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2020,14(4):605
In the present work, ball milling was applied for the pretreatment of lignocellulose to obtain high conversion and bio-oil yield in supercritical ethanol. Ball milling substantially decreased the crystallinity and particle size of lignocellulose, thereby improving its accessibility in ethanol solvent. An increased bio-oil yield of 59.2% was obtained for the ball milled camphorwood sawdust at 300°C, compared with 39.6% for the original lignocellulose. Decreased crystallinity significantly benefited the conversion of the cellulose component from 60.8% to 91.7%, and decreased particle size was beneficial for the conversion of all components. The obtained bio-oil had a high phenolic content, as analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methoxylation and retro-aldol condensation were observed during alcoholysis, and the reaction pathways of lignocellulose in supercritical ethanol were attributed to the action of free radicals. 相似文献
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Changwei HU Yu YANG Jia LUO Pan PAN Dongmei TONG Guiying LI 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2011,5(2):188
Biomass is considered as a renewable and alternative resource for the production of fuels and chemicals, since it is the only carbon and hydrogen containing resource that we can find in the world except for fossil resources, capable of being converted to hydrocarbons. The pyrolytic liquefaction of biomass is a promising way to convert biomass to useful products. This paper briefly surveys the present status of the direct catalytic pyrolysis for the liquefaction of biomass. The direct use of catalysts could decrease the pyrolysis temperature, increase the conversion of biomass and the yield of bio-oil, and change the distribution of the pyrolytic liquid products then improve the quality of the bio-oil obtained. The fact that biomass is in solid state present great challenges for its conversion and for the effective use of catalysts due to the bad heat transfer characteristics and bad mass transfer properties. These barriers appeal for the development of a new catalyst and new catalytic process as well as the integration of both. Process design and process intensification are of significant importance in the catalytic conversion of biomass. 相似文献