新型变几何导叶试验研究

本文通过一系列平面叶栅试验,得出轴流压气机可变尾缘进口导叶的气动特性。该特性优于可转导叶的特性,损失系数小于可转导叶。提出变尾缘叶栅几何参数选取原则及其最佳值范围。按最佳参数构成的这种叶栅,气流转折角和损失系数很接近常规大弯度光滑叶型的数值,宜代替可转导叶作为压气机进口导叶。试验结果可直接应用于设计。     

增大轴流式压气机级压比的有效途径

本文论述了沿叶片全长具有弦向割缝的轴流式压气机叶栅的研究成果,这一成果对于控制大弯度叶片附面层的分离乃是一种有效的措施.文中给出了利用有限元法预测叶栅流场的计算机程序,计算结果与测试数据吻合良好,其精确度令人满意.计算和试验表明,割缝叶栅的气流转折角比无割缝叶栅的气流转折角大5.8°左右,且叶栅性能得到改善.     

舰用燃气轮机进气弯管试验研究

本文介绍了舰用燃气轮机在空气直接由弯管引入压气机的情况下对弯管中拐角叶栅几何参数作一定选择的试验方法及试验结果。通过试验研究了叶栅稠度、宽度、叶型、进出口角等对气流均匀性及流动损失的影响。试验表明,拐角叶栅可大大降低气动损失,并满足压气机的进气条件。     

新型变几何导叶试验研究_续

3.气流转折角、损失系数与变尾缘叶栅几何参数的关系在图7中,表示了b_1/b_=0.55的变尾缘叶栅在b/t=1.0时的气流转折角△β,落后角δ、损失系数ζ,叶型弯角θ与尾缘转角α之间的关系。当α≤10°(θ≤33°)时,δ=4.7°,当10°≤α≤45(33≤θ≤68°)时,4.7°≤δ≤22.7°,在设计冲角下的叶背出现气流分离,ζ和δ增大较快。转角α继续增大后,气流分离更甚,ζ和δ急剧上升。     

变几何平面叶栅数值模拟

使用CFD软件NUMECA对变几何平面叶栅三维流场进行了数值模拟。分析在不同叶片安装角下,叶片表面静压系数、出口总压损失系数和出口气流角的变化规律。结果表明：在叶栅转角范围内,随着安装角的增大,沿叶型表面气流的扩压段显著增加,叶栅出口气流角也会随之增大,而叶栅总损失不断减小,其中,叶型损失先减小后增大,叶顶间隙泄漏损失和端部二次流损失都是减小的。     

大小叶片扩压叶栅气动性能与流动结构实验研究

针对45°叶型转折角扩压叶栅及增加小叶片后组成的大小叶片叶栅,分别测量了其在设计工况及不同气流攻角下的叶栅气动性能,通过PIV实验获得了对应工况下的叶栅内部流动状态.结果表明：增加小叶片后,叶片压力面至吸力面的压力梯度明显降低,大叶片载荷降低;在设计工况下,叶栅气流落后角仍可参考霍威尔半经验公式进行计算,但偏离设计工况后,该公式存在较大误差;大小叶片叶栅的气流落后角仅在小气流攻角下明显减小,在其余工况下变化不大;不同气流攻角下小叶片对大叶片表面气流流动分离起到约束作用;在设计工况至大气流攻角工况变化过程中,叶栅扩压损失有所降低.     

涡轮平面叶栅变几何试验研究

通过建立变几何平面叶栅试验台,测量了平面叶栅在不同安装角下的叶片表面静压分布、出口总压分布和出口气流角.详细分析各种气动参数随叶片安装角的变化规律,并将试验测得的叶栅各种损失随转角的变化与3种损失模型的预测结果进行了比较,结果表明:在测量的转角范围内,随着安装角的增大,叶片表面扩压断明显增加,叶栅出口气流角也会随之增大,叶栅总损失不断减小.其中,叶型损失先减小后增大,端部二次流损失和叶顶间隙损失都是减小的.     

周向偏距对串列叶栅气动性能的影响

周向偏距是压气机串列叶栅设计的一个重要参数,选择合理的周向偏距需要兼顾叶栅设计点和非设计点性能,为此本文采用数值模拟方法,研究五种不同周向偏距的串列叶栅在设计点和近喘点工况下的总体性能和流场细节。研究结果表明,在设计点工况下,增大周向偏距叶栅损失减小,出口气流角随周向偏距的变化相对较小;在近喘点工况下,叶栅损失随着周向偏距的增大先减小后增大,出口气流角随着周向偏距增大而最大有约9°的轴向偏离。因此兼顾压气机设计点和非设计点性能时该叶栅的最佳周向偏距设计值在0.67~0.80之间。     

冲角对不同掠型压气机叶栅扩压因子的影响

对直、前掠、弯掠和后掠叶片组成的压气机叶栅进行了实验研究,结合叶栅出口能量损失分布和叶片表面静压系数的分布及叶片负荷的变化,讨论了冲角变化对不同掠型压气机叶栅扩压因子的影响以及叶栅扩压因子与叶栅能量损失和叶片负荷的相互关系。结果表明,前掠和弯掠叶栅显著改善了叶栅根部的流动．能够有效防止气流减速造成流动分离的可能;这两种叶栅轴向逆压梯度长度和叶片负荷大小的综合作用是其扩压因子在叶片两端部小于直叶栅的原因。     

最大厚度位置对高亚音轴流压气机叶型设计的影响

为了在具有不同负荷的压气机叶栅的初始设计过程中选取最大厚度位置,采用数值方法对在不同折转角的高亚音来流条件下对扩压叶栅进行了大量的系统性研究,分析了最大厚度位置、折转角以及稠度3个叶栅几何参数对叶栅变冲角特性以及对最小损失冲角下的叶栅气动性能的影响规律.基于大量叶栅样本建立数学模型,用来定量描述最小损失冲角,以及最小损...     

Aerodynamic performance of bowed compressor cascades with different camber angles

The effects of a positively bowed blade on the aerodynamic performance of annular compressor cascades with different camber angles were experimentally investigated. The distributions of the exit total pressure loss and secondary flow vectors of the compressor cascades were analyzed. The static pressure was measured by tapping on the cascade surfaces, and the ink-trace flow visualizations were conducted. The results show that the value of the optimum bowed angle and optimum bowed height decrease because of the increased losses at the mid-span with the increase of the camber angle. The C-shape static pressure distribution along the radial direction exists on the suction surface of the straight cascade with larger camber angles. When bowed blade is applied, the larger bowed angle and larger bowed height will further enhance the accumulation of the low-energy fluid at the mid-span, thus causing the flow behavior to deteriorate. Under 60° camber angle, flow behavior near the end-wall region of some bowed cascades even deteriorates instead of improving because the blockage of the separated flow near the mid-span keeps the low-energy fluid near the end-walls from moving towards the mid-span region. As a result, a rapid augmentation of the total loss can easily take place under a large bowed angle.     

Aerodynamic performance of bowed compressor cascades with different camber angles

The effects of a positively bowed blade on the aerodynamic performance of annular compressor cascades with different camber angles were experimentally investigated. The distributions of the exit total pressure loss and secondary flow vectors of the compressor cascades were analyzed. The static pressure was measured by tapping on the cascade surfaces, and the ink-trace flow visualizations were conducted. The results show that the value of the optimum bowed angle and optimum bowed height decrease because of the increased losses at the midspan with the increase of the camber angle. The C-shape static pressure distribution along the radial direction exists on the suction surface of the straight cascade with larger camber angles. When bowed blade is applied, the larger bowed angle and larger bowed height will further enhance the accumulation of the low-energy fluid at the mid-span, thus causing the flow behavior to deteriorate. Under 60° camber angle, flow behavior near the end-wall region of some bowed cascades even deteriorates instead of improving because the blockage of the separated flow near the mid-span keeps the low-energy fluid near the endwalls from moving towards the mid-span region. As a result, a rapid augmentation of the total loss can easily take place under a large bowed angle. __________ Translated from Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2007, 28(2): 170–175 [译自: 推进技术]     

离心压缩机进口导叶叶型的进一步研究

为提高离心压缩机进口导叶的质量流量调节能力,以原研究成果为基础对导叶叶型做进一步研究。通过数值模拟计算,对不同厚度弯叶型和不同弯度位置导叶的质量流量调节能力进行对比分析。结果表明,虽然减小弯叶型的厚度可扩大其质量流量调节范围,却增加了流动损失,使压缩机效率下降;将弯叶型最大挠度位置向后移,可有效提高导叶的质量流量调节能力,且其产生的损失对压缩机性能影响不大。最终选择出适合于导叶进行质量流量调节的最佳叶型,减少了压缩气体的排空浪费。     

Experimental research of surface roughness effects on highly-loaded compressor cascade aerodynamics

Aircraft engines deteriorate during continuous operation under the action of external factors including fouling, corrosion, and abrasion. The increased surface roughness of compressor passage walls limits airflow and leads to flow loss. However, the partial increase of roughness may also restrain flow separation and reduce flow loss. It is necessary to explore methods that will lower compressor deterioration, thereby improving the overall performance. The experimental research on the effects of surface roughness on highly loaded compressor cascade aerodynamics has been conducted in a low-speed linear cascade wind tunnel. The different levels of roughness are arranged on the suction surface and pressure surface, respectively. Ink-trace flow visualization has been used to measure the flow field on the walls of cascades, and a five-hole probe has been traversed across one pitch at the outlet. By comparing the total pressure loss coefficient, the distributions of the secondary-flow speed vector, and flow fields of various cases, the effects of surface roughness on the aerodynamics of a highly loaded compressor cascade are analyzed and discussed. The results show that adding surface roughness on the suction surface and pressure surface make the loss decrease in most cases. Increasing the surface roughness on the suction surface causes reduced flow speed near the blade, which helps to decrease mixing loss at the cascades outlet. Meanwhile, adding surface roughness on the suction surface restrains flow separation, leading to less flow loss. Various levels of surface roughness mostly weaken the flow turning capacity to various degrees, except in specific cases.     

叶片弯曲对扩压叶栅出口流场的影响

通过由常规直叶片、正弯曲叶片、反弯曲叶片组成的三种矩型扩压叶栅在低速风洞上的实验研究,测得了叶栅出口流场、研究了零冲角下常直叶栅、正弯曲叶栅、反弯曲叶栅对出口总压损失分布情况和二次流速度矢量的影响,讲座了叶片弯曲对扩压叶栅出口流场的改善作用。     

氦气流动特性的初步研究

使用计算流体力学方法,模拟了圆管内流动、圆柱绕流、孤立翼型、叶栅当量扩压器、平面叶栅,在氦气和空气两种工质下典型流场的流动。结果发现:在低马赫数下,雷诺数相同时,氦气和空气流场具有较大的相似性;氦气的运动粘性系数较大,其附面层发展较快,流速大,容易发生边界层分离;与空气相比,氦气总压损失系数大。由此得到启示:对于高温气冷堆氦气压气机的设计,要充分考虑氦气雷诺数小、流速大、容易发生分离的流动特性。并且给出了氦气流动特性的基本数据,可供进一步研究和工程使用。     

A Study of 3D Aerodynamic Design for a Transonic Compressor Blading Optimized by the Locations of Aerofoil Maximum Thickness and Maximum Camber

A design procedure for improving the efficiency of a transonic compressor blading was proposed based on a rapid generation method for three-dimensional blade configuration and computational meshes, a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver and an optimization approach. The objective of the present paper is to design a transonic compressor blading optimized only by selection of the locations of maximum camber and maximum thickness for the airfoils at different span heights and to study how do these two design parameters affect the blade performance. The blading configuration and the computational meshes can be obtained very rapidly for any given combination of maximum camber and maximum thickness. The computational grid system generated is used for the Navier-Stokes solution to predict adiabatic efficiency, total pressure ratio and flow rate. As a main result of the optimization, adiabatic efficiency was successfully improved.     

单级轴流氦气压气机空气模拟气动性能数值分析

HTGR-10模块式高温气冷堆作为第四代反应堆型具有系统简单、安全可靠和经济性能优越等特点。而氦气循环透平发电机组的氦气压缩机性能,将成为发电是否高效的决定因素之一。本文利用Numeca数值模拟软件对一亚音速轴流氦气压气机试验机进行了气动性能及准数关系研究,分析了气流在叶栅中的流动机理,探讨了等雷诺数下相似准数对压气机叶片性能的影响。结果表明:采用空气工质模拟氦气压缩,在马赫数小于0.4工况下对压气机的通流流动影响很小,基本可以忽略;采用大于0.5的反动度,增加正预旋可以使效率维持较高的水平;在马赫数较小的情况下,绝热指数k不会对相似模拟产生大的影响。     

轴流压气机叶片优化设计

开发了基于梯度法的数值优化程序,并与三维粘性流场求解程序相结合对跨音压气机动叶片进行了以绝热效率最大为目标的三维气动优化设计。先对其进行了沿弦长方向掠设计,绝热效率可提高约0．65％。再对所得掠叶片进行叶型中弧线优化设计得到最终叶片,与初始叶片相比绝热效率提高达1．05％。优化结果表明,动叶片的单纯掠型叶片改进气动性能有限,而弦向掠与中弧线的联合优化设计可以显著改善叶片排内流动状况,并具有良好的变工况性能。