Al-Er和Si-Er二元合金的热力学性质

以Miedema混合焓模型为基础,计算Al-Er和Si-Er二元合金的部分热力学函数,如混合焓-H,过剩熵SE以及过剩吉布斯自由能GE以及各组元的活度.结合Al-Er和Si-Er二元相图计算了Al3Er和Er5Si3相析出反应的吉布斯自由能.结果表明:Al-Er和Si-Er二元合金的混合焓、过剩自由能与过剩熵在整个浓度范围内均为负值,各组元活度计算结果相对于理想熔体有较大的负偏差,说明Er原子与Al原子和Si原子都有很强的相互作用; Al3Er和Er5Si3相反应的吉布斯自由能均为负值,且Er5Si3相的反应吉布斯自由能比Al3Er相的小,因此Er加入到Al-Si合金中会优先与Si生成Er5Si3相,过剩的Er才与Al生成Al3Er相.     

Cu-Ni-Si三元合金的显微组织与相选择（英文）

采用静平衡凝固技术制备了Cu含量为90wt%、不同Ni/Si原子比的Cu-Ni-Si合金,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对合金的显微组织和相组成进行了分析,利用差热分析(DSC)考察了合金熔体在冷却过程中的相转变行为。研究结果表明,Ni/Si原子比对Cu-Ni-Si合金显微组织的影响可归因为α-Cu晶粒内部析出的δ-Ni2Si相数量的变化和晶界相在Cu-Si和Ni-Si化合物之间的选择。δ-Ni_2Si相数量的变化与初生α-Cu内部Ni、Si原子的浓度密切相关,而晶界相的相选择则是Cu-Si和Ni-Si金属间化合物相之间竞争的结果。随着Ni/Si原子比的增加,残余液相中Ni原子浓度增加增高,具有更负形成焓Ni-Si金属间化合物逐渐从竞争中胜出,导致晶界相从Cu-Si化合物向Ni-Si化合物的转变。     

Microstructure and Selection of Grain Boundary Phase of Cu-Ni-Si Ternary Alloys

采用静平衡凝固技术制备了Cu含量为90wt%、不同Ni/Si原子比的Cu-Ni-Si合金,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对合金的显微组织和相组成进行了分析,利用差热分析（DSC）考察了合金熔体在冷却过程中的相转变行为。研究结果表明,Ni/Si原子比对Cu-Ni-Si合金显微组织的影响可归因为α-Cu晶粒内部析出的δ-Ni2Si相数量的变化和晶界相在Cu-Si和Ni-Si化合物之间的选择。δ-Ni2Si相数量的变化与初生α-Cu内部Ni、Si原子的浓度密切相关,而晶界相的相选择则是Cu-Si和Ni-Si金属间化合物相之间竞争的结果。随着Ni/Si原子比的增加,残余液相中Ni原子浓度增加增高,具有更负形成焓Ni-Si金属间化合物逐渐从竞争中胜出,导致晶界相从Cu-Si化合物向Ni-Si化合物的转变     

Er对Mo5Si3基合金组织与性能的影响

通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及压痕技术研究了Er对Mo5Si3基合金(钼硅质量比5：1)室温组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明：Er的添加导致了三元化合物相Mo3Er2Si4的形成：合金的组织形貌随Er含量不同有所差异，且随Er含量增加，组织中MoSi2相逐渐减少，三元化合物的含量则逐渐增加：过渡族元素Er在MoSi2中不固溶，在Mo5Si3中的溶解度也极小：Er含量为1wt％时得到略高的室温硬度值。Er难以明显改善室温断裂韧性。     

La和Er对Al-13Si-5Cu-2Ni-1Mg合金组织和性能的影响

研究了La和Er对铸造Al-13Si-5Cu-2Ni-1Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,La对共晶Si有较强的变质作用,在合金中生成块状、长针状富La相;Er可以明显减小二次枝晶间距,在合金中可生成块状、短棒状富Er相。合金中复合添加0.2%的La和0.2%的Er时,二次枝晶间距、初生Si、共晶Si和金属间化合物的尺寸同时减小,La、Er相互作用可以抑制富稀土相的生长,使合金中引入尺寸细小且弥散分布的富稀土相,此时合金力学性能最佳,25和350℃时抗拉强度分别为274MPa和91MPa。     

Al、Ni对AlCoCrFeNiTi_(0.5)高熵合金组织结构的影响

研究了偏析元素Al、Ni的含量对Al Co Cr Fe Ni Ti0.5高熵合金组织结构的影响。采用XRD和SEM对该合金的组织进行了检测,分析了混合熵、混合焓、原子半径差、平均价电子浓度变化与组织结构变化的影响规律。结果表明:Al元素含量减小,合金中析出了FCC相,且合金组织形貌影受响明显;Ni元素含量减小,合金中BCC相衍射峰的强度增大;Al、Ni元素含量同时降低,合金中析出了σ相等金属间化合物相,且合金硬度增大。     

Al−Si−Mg−Er合金的热稳定性和析出相的显微组织

采用显微硬度计和透射电镜研究Er元素对热处理Al?Si?Mg合金显微硬度和析出行为的影响.作为对照,同时研究人工时效前引入自然时效对合金硬度和析出行为的影响.研究结果表明,过时效Al?Si?Mg?Er合金的热稳定性与析出相的平均尺寸密切相关.未引入自然时效时,Al?Si?Mg?Er合金中 β'相的平均尺寸小于Al?Si...     

激光熔炼Ti5Si3／NiTi金属间化合物合金的组织及耐磨性

设计并利用激光熔炼技术制备出了以Ti5Si3为增强相、以NiTi为基体的金属间化合物新型耐磨合金，研究了增强相Ti5Si3的含量对合金显微组织、显微硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，随Ti5Si3含量的增加，合金显微组织由亚共晶向共晶、过共晶转化，增强相Ti5Si3由细层片状共晶相向块状初生相转变，合金显微硬度随之显著提高；在室温干滑动磨损条件下，Ti5Si3／NiTi金属间化合物合金具有优异的耐磨性，并随Ti5Si3增强相的增加而显著提高。Ti5Si3增强相的高硬度和NiTi基体的高韧性及伪弹性效应是该合金具有优异耐磨性能的主要原因。     

Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性后Al-20Si合金表面微观组织及性能的影响

目的通过添加Mg元素改善Al-20Si合金的组织,提升其表面力学性能。方法运用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、显微硬度计及多功能材料表面性能试验仪等一系列检测手段,考察Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性Al-20Si合金表面效果的影响,及合金表面微观组织和表面力学性能的变化。结果 Mg元素能与硅相形成更细小的Mg_2Si相来细化初生硅相,同时可改善强流脉冲电子束处理后铝硅合金表面产生的微裂纹。材料表面经强流脉冲电子束改性后,所有的衍射峰发生了宽化及偏移。两组合金铝基体的显微硬度随着脉冲数的增加而逐渐递增,Al-20Si合金铝基体的显微硬度由745.5MPa增加到2170.7MPa,Al-20Si-5Mg合金的铝基体显微硬度由1061.3 MPa增加到2403.6 MPa,Mg元素的添加可提高Al-20Si合金的硬度。另外,通过往复摩擦试验发现,Mg元素及强流脉冲电子束都能提高材料的耐磨性。结论 Mg元素能改善强流脉冲电子束处理后Al-20Si合金表面的微观组织,添加Mg元素后,Al-20Si合金表面的力学性能得到提高。     

激光熔炼TiCo／Ti5Si3双相金属间化合物合金组织及耐磨性

利用激光熔炼技术制备出以金属硅化物Ti5Si3为耐磨增强相、以金属间化合物TiCo为增韧相的双相金属间化合物新型耐磨合金。用OM，SEM，XRD与EDS等方法分析了合金的显微组织、相组成及成分。在室温干滑动磨损条件下测试了合金的耐磨性能，研究了合金组织中TiCo含量对合金显微组织、硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，合金的显微组织均由块状Ti5Si3初生相及TiCo／Ti5Si3共晶基体组成并具有优异的室温干滑动耐磨损性能。随TiCo含量的增加，初生相Ti5Si3的体积分数与合金的显微硬度下降，合金的韧性与耐磨性能随之显著提高。Ti5Si3的高硬度和TiCo的高韧性是该合金具有优异耐磨性能的主要原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。