模具结构对AZ91镁合金挤压成形性能的影响

AZ91镁合金由于强度高、流动性好等特点,通常用作铸造合金。研究该合金合理的挤压温度、挤压速度及模具结构,对提高其塑性成形性能、开发高强度变形镁合金有重要的理论和实际意义。文章通过热模拟试验研究了AZ91镁合金应力应变关系,确定了最佳变形温度。在此基础上,采用三维有限元法模拟分析了不同挤压速度、模具结构对挤压过程温度场、速度场及应力场的影响。结果表明,采用锥模和流线模时,当定径带长度为15mm~20mm时,可在挤压速度达到5mm/s的条件下成形出表面光滑无裂纹的镁合金棒材;而采用平模挤压时,当定径带长度为10mm~20mm时,获得良好表面质量的挤压速度达到2.5mm/s。在650t的卧式挤压机上,进行了该合金的挤压实验,实验结果与模拟结果相吻合。     

模具结构对高性能镁合金棒材挤压过程的影响

镁合金作为最轻的实用结构材料．产品主要以铸造成形为主。近年通过挤压、轧制等塑性成形方法加工的镁合金逐渐受到关注,但为了在交通运输等方面获得更多的应用．必须进一步提高镁合金的综合性能。     

反挤压铸造工艺对镁合金轮毂铸件裂纹的影响

分析了镁合金轮毂铸件裂纹形成的机制,讨论了反挤压铸造工艺对轮毂铸件裂纹的影响.结果表明,减少裂纹获得优良镁合金轮毂铸件的反挤压铸造成形工艺参数如下:保压时间为20～25 s,浇注温度为680℃,模具温度为240℃,充型速度为60 mm/s,压射比压为85 MPa.在合金成分和铸件形状不变的情况下,通过调整反挤压铸造工艺参数,可以显著减少裂纹的产生.     

AZ31镁合金挤压模拟与实验研究

采用有限元模拟和实验验证相结合的方法对AZ31镁合金十字型材挤压过程进行研究。研究发现,有限元模拟能够较真实地反映镁合金挤压变形过程中的热力学参数分布和演变情况。同时发现,通过调整挤压速度能使镁合金挤压出口温度维持在较小范围内波动,从而解决镁合金变形温度范围窄的问题,保证制品沿长度方向的组织性能和尺寸精度稳定。     

镁合金筒形挤压件底部裂纹产生机理和防护

通过数值模拟和微观组织观察,研究了镁合金筒形挤压件底部环形裂纹产生的原因,同时通过优化成形工艺参数,防止裂纹产生。结果表明:裂纹产生的主要原因是反挤金属流线和已有金属流线的取向较大,相邻晶粒无法协调反挤变形,导致位错塞集引起局部应力集中,应力集中处裂纹形核并长大。增加预留底厚和将预留底置于筒形件底部,可有效防止裂纹产生。     

镁合金压铸热裂纹形成机制及工艺对策

观察了镁合金压铸生产中常见的热裂纹缺陷，并对其的形成机制进行了详细分析，结果表明：热裂纹产生的主要原因是压铸镁合金在凝固温度区间热强度低、热脆性高以及收缩应力集中所致。为了消除热裂纹缺陷，提出了通过控制合金原材料成分、适当增加铸件热裂处圆角尺寸，同时调整压铸工艺参数的方法。     

AZ31镁合金流变成形制品裂纹的形成原因

镁合金的塑性成形性能差,因此如何实现镁合金的塑性加工成形成为了一个新的技术难题。连续流变挤压成形实现了镁合金由高温液态直接形成制品的过程,减少了工序,节约了能源。但是制品的上下表面易出现裂纹,出现裂纹的原因主要是金属流动速度不同。为了减小和消除裂纹,可采用润滑剂、控制挤压速度、增大模具的定径带长度等措施。     

一模四腔挤压ZK60镁合金棒材的数值模拟与实验研究

基于Deform-3D有限元平台建立了一模四腔的镁合金棒材挤压有限元模型,并基于该模型对挤压工艺参数中的挤压速度等参数进行优化,确定了ZK60镁合金棒材挤压合理的工艺参数。结果表明,采用一模四腔分流挤压方法生产直径为12.5 mm的ZK60镁合金棒材,其较为合理的挤压工艺为:在挤压温度为420℃时挤压速度为4~7 mm·s-1。在某公司进行了实验,验证了所得优化工艺参数的可行性。     

AZ31B镁合金TIG焊裂纹形成机理及其预防措施

分析了AZ31B镁合金TIG焊接头裂纹形成机理,并提出了相应的预防措施。试验表明,焊接裂纹与填充材料的化学成分有一定关系。采用锌含量较低的AZ40M作为填充材料时,焊缝没有出现裂纹;采用AZ31B作为填充材料或直接对焊时,焊缝均有裂纹。     

镁合金焊接热裂纹机理的研究

采用交流氩弧焊对AM50镁合金进行焊接,研究结果表明,当电流达到一定值时,出现焊接热裂纹。热裂纹的产生是由于焊缝金属中出现粗大的晶间低熔点α+β-Mg17Al12共晶体所致。为防止焊接热裂纹的产生,应在工艺允许的情况下,尽量减少焊接线能量。     

基于二次开发的AZ31镁合金热轧有限元模拟和实验研究

利用ABAQUS提供给用户自定义材料本构模型的Fortran程序接口,对AZ31镁合金进行了材料模型的二次开发,编写了自定义的用户材料子程序(UMAT),并对AZ31镁合金热轧过程进行了有限元数值模拟。主要研究了初始轧件温度为673 K,不同压下率的条件下,板材变形区内厚度方向的温度和应变场的变化情况。数值模拟结果表明:板材在变形区内表面附近和中心位置的温度变化情况不同。随轧制的进行,表面温度先是骤降,然后有小幅度的上升;板材心部温度先是有小幅度的升高,然后大幅度的下降,表面和中心温差在30~40 K之间。板材近表面的应变高于中心层,随压下率的增加应变逐渐增加。微观组织观察结果表明:板材近表面的较大应变导致动态再结晶程度明显高于中心位置。     

有限元模拟用于优化镁合金板碟形拉深成形的模具参数

运用有限元的方法,对厚度1.2mm、直径52mm的AZ31B镁合金板常温冲压成直径为29mm的碟形件进行模拟,通过分析模具参数对最大主应力值及拉深性能的影响,优化出适合于该工艺的模具参数,并进行相应的试验。模拟结果表明,凹、凸模圆角半径、凹凸模间隙的优化,能降低最大主应力值并延缓裂缝的产生,从而提高镁合金塑性成形性能;模拟得到较优凹模圆角半径2.6mm、凸模圆角半径1.8mm,适宜的凹凸模单边间隙为1.3mm。试验结果表明,高径比随着模具参数的变化而增加,材料的成形性能大幅提高,验证了有限元模拟结论的可靠性。     

镁合金新型复合挤压的有限元和实验研究

针对镁合金的棒材的工业化制备和加工,提出了一种新型的镁合金复合挤压方法,将正挤压(Extrusion)和剪切(Shear)结合(简称ES),建立了ES挤压的三维有限元热力耦合模型及条件,模拟了ES挤压的流动网格、累积应变演化,设计并制造了适合于卧式挤压机上的ES挤压模具,进行了ES工艺实验。数值模拟结果表明,ES挤压可以显著提高镁合金变形过程的累积应变;试验结果表明,ES挤压可以得到尺寸很小的动态再结晶晶粒,并改善了组织均匀性;理论分析表明,ES挤压过程镁合金具有多级动态再结晶的特性,可以逐步有效的细化微观组织。ES挤压在模具结构、工艺参数合理的条件下可以大大细化镁合金微观组织,并具有工业生产的实用性。     

基于数值模拟技术镁合金压铸模浇注系统优化设计

设计3种类型的浇注系统,运用铸造专用模拟软件JSCAST对3种浇注系统进行压铸数值模拟试验,分析液态金属充型及凝固过程中的速度场和温度场的分布,根据凝固规律有效预测铸件中可能存在缩孔及气孔缺陷的分布,从而选取T型浇注系统作为缸盖罩的最佳浇注系统并对其进行优化。试验结果验证了优化设计的可行性以及压铸过程数值模拟的可靠性,对压铸生产具有一定的指导意义。     

Thin-walled aluminum alloy tube NC precision bending based on finite element simulation

Elongation and springback are the bottleneck problems of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube NC precision bending. SO thin-walled alurninum alloy tube NC precision bending based on finite element simulation is put forward. The finite element model of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube NC bending is established based on the DYNAFORM platform. The process of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube NC precision bending is simulated with the model and the elongation and springback of tube bending can be gained. A new method of measuring the elongation of thin-walled tube NC precision bending named ＇pressure die measuring method＇ is put forward and the computing equations of bending angle, bending radius, blanking length and initial bending section based on elongation and springback angle are derived. The bending angle, bending radius, blanking length and initial bending section of tube bending can be gained with these equations based on the elongation and springback angle from the simulation. The study can be used to control the quality of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube NC bending so that precision bending without redundance can be realized.     

Crystal plasticity finite element simulation of NiTi shape memory alloy based on representative volume element

Crystal plasticity finite element method based on a representative volume element model, which includes the effect of grain shape and size, is combined with electron backscattered diffraction experiment in order to investigate plastic deformation of NiTi shape memory alloy during uniaxial compression at 400 °C. Simulation results indicate that the constructed representation of the polycrystal microstructure is able to effectively simulate macroscopically global stress-strain response and microscopically inhomogeneous microstructure evolution in the case of various loading directions. According to slip activity and Schmid factor in {110}<100>, {010}<100> and {110}<111> slip modes, <100> slip modes are found to play a dominant role in plastic deformation, while <111> slip mode is found to be a secondary slip mode. In addition, the simulation results are supported well by the experimental ones. With the progression of plastic deformation, the (001) [\(0\bar 10\)] texture component gradually disappears, while the γ-fiber (<111>) texture is increasingly enhanced.     

利用有限元仿真技术优化模具结构

建立起精锻件模具结构优化的数学评估模型,结合有限元仿真技术对不同模具结构参数(凹模入口角、工作带长度、锥形角等)下的金属成形过程进行分析,找出最佳的模具结构参数组合,从而达到实现模具结构优化的目的。最后,本文还以汽车球头销锻件为例,对球头预成形工序锥形角大小的控制进行分析,证实该方法的科学性和有效性。     

基于有限元仿真的5083铝合金支架超塑性差温拉深

为提供试验依据,应用IA软件计算零件毛料尺寸,导入MSC.Marc软件模拟超塑差温拉深,并依据模拟结果优化毛料尺寸。模拟中温度分若干梯度,假定材料同梯度内同力学性能,利用二次开发将各梯度材料本构关系植入模拟,获得5083铝合金支架超塑差温拉深成形工件及壁厚分布,其结果与试验吻合良好,且较恒温拉深理想。讨论了成形温度梯度宽对差温拉深模拟结果的影响。     

Numerical simulation of single roller melt spinning for NdFeB alloy based on finite element method

The numerical simulation model of single roller melt spinning for rapid quenching process of NdFeB alloy was built,and the vacuum chamber,cooling roller and sample were taken into account as a system.The existing mature technology was in order to verify the correctness of simulation.The rapid quenching ribbons with different roll speeds were used as the simulation objects.The results of the numerical simulation and experiments show that the validity of the model has been testified and the reason...     

Damage prediction for magnesium matrix composites formed by liquid-solid extrusion process based on finite element simulation

A damage prediction method based on FE simulation was proposed to predict the occurrence of hot shortness cracks and surface cracks in liquid-solid extrusion process. This method integrated the critical temperature criterion and Cockcroft &; Latham ductile damage model, which were used to predict the initiation of hot shortness cracks and surface cracks of products, respectively. A coupling simulation of deformation with heat transfer as well as ductile damage was carried out to investigate the effect of extrusion temperature and extrusion speed on the damage behavior of C_sf/AZ91D composites. It is concluded that the semisolid zone moves gradually toward deformation zone with the punch descending. The amplitude of the temperature rise at the exit of die from the initial billet temperature increases with the increase of extrusion speed during steady-state extrusion at a given punch displacement. In order to prevent the surface temperature of products beyond the incipient melting temperature of composites, the critical extrusion speed is decreased with the increase of extrusion temperature, otherwise the hot shortness cracks will occur. The maximum damage values increase with increasing extrusion speed or extrusion temperature. Theoretical results obtained by the Deform?-2D simulation agree well with the experiments.