淬火油的淬火烈度分级

钢的淬火是最常见的热处理工艺之一。淬火的目的是为了获得马氏体组织，该组织具有高的硬度和优良的强度。最常见的淬火介质有水，聚合物溶液和矿物油。在整个淬火介质市场中，估计矿物油占了80％的份额。本文试图对现有的淬火油进行测试并对其淬火烈度进行分级。     

淬火油的淬火烈度分级

钢的淬火是最常见的热处理工艺之一。淬火的目的是为了获得马氏体组织,该组织具有高的硬度和优良的强度。最常见的淬火介质有水,聚合物溶液和矿物油。在整个淬火介质市场中,估计矿物油占了80%的份额。本文试图对现有的淬火油进行测试并对其淬火烈度进行分级。     

淬火油添加剂的应用

1淬火介质的发展人们在钢铁热处理时，最早是用水淬火，过了很长时间之后，才采用以菜籽油和珠香鲸油为代表的动植物油。这些油在50℃时，运动粘度在30mm2／s～40mm2／s之间，闪点在200～260℃之间[1]。当水淬产生开裂和翘曲时，用油代水。动植物油的缺点是耐老化性能差，随使用时间的延长，粘度增加，冷却能力下降，工件外观质量下降，并在冷却管上有树脂膜沉积，此外，还有产生刺激性气味等问题。采用矿物油为基的淬火油是淬火介质的重大发展．一般将动植物油叫做有机油，而将石油叫做矿物油．以矿物油为基的淬火油有很好的耐老化性能，气…     

基础油沸点范围对淬火性能的影响

钢淬火时，冷却剂的冷却性能对淬火效果有重大影响，一般为了得到高的硬度必须快速冷却。为此，通常是向矿物油系冷却剂(淬火油)中加入提高冷却性能的添加剂。提高冷却性能添加剂的效果，在于比单独用矿物油时更早地进入冷却速度最大的沸腾冷却期。其本质在于淬火油的沸腾特性的改性。     

绿色化学和绿色淬火介质

从绿色化学的12条原则出发,分析了绿色淬火介质的生产和使用的重要性.绿色淬火介质是指在满足使用要求的前提下,能被降解且不危害生态环境的淬火介质.矿物油基淬火油在使用中会产生有害物质,且废油难以降解,不属于绿色淬火介质.通过加氢处理、改进添加剂配方及废油再生可以减少矿物油基淬火油对环镜的危害.然而,开发、生产及使用植物油...     

水淬火介质和等温淬火油

聚合物淬火介质适用于感应淬火，直接淬火，分级淬火，喷淋淬火等，提供了物理化学性质和应用实例，还介绍了等温淬火油的特点，应用对象和实例。     

聚合物淬火剂在齿轮淬火上的应用

聚合物淬火剂在齿轮淬火上的应用齐齐哈尔齿轮厂（邮编１６１００５）叶国丰易涛机械部北京机电研究所赵海鸥渗碳齿轮淬火通常是用油淬，因为齿轮的形状复杂，对热处理的质量和尺寸精度要求都很高，所以，生产厂家通常是渗碳后直接淬油。但是，油淬的火灾危险及环境污染等...     

两种水溶性淬火介质对弹簧钢淬火效果的研究

考察了水溶性淬火介质ＭＣ和ＬＡ对６０Ｓｉ２ＭｎＡ钢的淬火效果，结果表明，其淬透程度和力学性能均达到或超过了油淬的水平；在合适的介质浓度和操作条件下，淬裂和变形人同很小，基本与油淬相当。因此，用其代替油作为６０Ｓｉ２ＭｎＡ钢的淬火介质是可行的。     

现代淬火油

作者在本文概述了现行的淬火油种类及其性能和工作特性。引言最初凭经验和试凑法,早先的热处理方法采用在红头发儿童的尿中淬金属零件这种神秘的操作。令人欣慰的是现在工艺具有更多的科学性,尤其是在淬火介质方面。现代淬火介质包括水、盐水,其它水基     

植物油的氧化及其对淬火特性的影响

传统上,矿物油是常用淬火剂中最重要的一类淬火剂。然而,它们在本质上缺乏环保性,又有毒性,再从长期低价供应角度考虑,有必要寻找新的替代介质。石油制品油的淬火特性与其成分很有关系,因而受其氧化降解性能的限制。由于不断暴露在钢与油接触面问相对较高的温度中,石油制品油遭受热降解和氧化降解,使得其淬火特性发生明显变化。因此,淬火特性是任何一种可选择的淬火介质都必须要检验的一个非常重要的性能参数。可供选择的一类液态物质为植物油,它们具有典型的生物降解特性并且无毒。然而,植物油具有相对较差的抗氧化稳定性能,因此测定氧化对其淬火特性的潜在影响具有重要意义。本文报导的结果仅是这项巨大研究中的第一步,在这项工作中,对不受禁止的植物油的试验是在实验室设备上进行的,以前报告的促使石油制品油早期氧化的过程接近实际使用条件。依照ASTM D 6200标准,使用粘度计、红外线分光镜、^13CMR分光镜以及冷却曲线特性测定方法对所研究的液态植物油进行了性能检测并和典型的石油制品油作了成分比较。所得的结果表明,作为淬火介质,植物油是有前景的石油制品油的替代品,但在商业上要可行,同时必须使用适当的抗氧化剂。     

Effect of thermal conductivity and viscosity on cooling performance of liquid quench media

Abstract

In this present work, the effect of the thermophysical properties of quenchants on its cooling performance was investigated. Water, brine solutions, polymer solutions and mineral oils were chosen to have quench media with varying thermophysical properties. Cooling curve analyses were carried out by using standard ISO/DIS 9950 quench probe. Grossmann H quench severity of the quench media was determined from the relation of H and cooling rate. Cooling curve analysis results showed that the change in thermophysical properties of the quench media had significant effect on the cooling history of the quench probe. The viscosity of the quenchant used for immersion quenching is the most important factor that controls the cooling performance of the quenchant compared to thermal conductivity of the quench medium.     

滑槽淬火系统的推荐设计

上前聚合淬火剂在各类热处理中的应用日益增加,本文提供了一系列推荐的设计指导原则及一些已成功动用的滑槽淬火装置的示意图例。     

UCON E型淬火介质在大模块工件上的应用

测定和分析了包括UCONE在内的几种冷却介质的冷却速度,讨论了UCONE淬火剂的应用技术问题,如介质浓度、温度以及消耗量和环境因素等。结果表明,UCONE水基淬火剂在低温区的冷却性能接近油,可作为油的代用介质。经多年生产实践,证明浓度为15％的UCONE水基淬火剂可用于模具钢、结构钢等大件的淬火处理,并取得良好的效果。     

聚合物淬火剂及其应用

聚合物淬火剂在环境保护、生产成本及应用等方面具有突出的优点.目前,工业上应用的聚合物淬火剂主要有PAG、PEO、PVP和ACR等,其结构和性能不同,因而应用场合不同.聚合物淬火剂的冷却机制与淬火油大致相同,其冷却速度介于水和油之间.聚合物淬火剂还有其独到之处,如特性温度较高,冷却过程中不出现膜沸腾期,从而改善了淬火剂对...     

Epoxidized Soybean Oil: Evaluation of Oxidative Stabilization and Metal Quenching/Heat Transfer Performance

Vegetable and animal oils as a class of fluids have been used for hundreds of years, if not longer, as quenchants for hardening steel. However, when petroleum oils became available in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the use of these fluids as quenchants, in addition to their use in other industrial oil applications, quickly diminished. This was primarily, but not exclusively, due to their generally very poor thermal-oxidative instability and the difficulty for formulating fluid analogs with varying viscosity properties. Interest in the use of renewable fluids, such as vegetable oils, has increased dramatically in recent years as alternatives to the use of relatively non-biodegradable and toxic petroleum oils. However, the relatively poor thermal-oxidative stability has continued to be a significant reason for their general non-acceptance in the marketplace. Soybean oil (SO) is one of the most highly produced vegetable oils in Brazil. Currently, there are commercially produced epoxidized versions of SO which are available. The objective of this paper is to discuss the potential use of epoxidized SO and its heat transfer properties as a viable alternative to petroleum oils for hardening steel.     

以PAG代油调质差速器壳

汽车差速器壳用传统的淬火油调质时,硬度和金相组织都不能满足生产的要求。采用PAG调质汽车差速器壳时,硬度和金相组织都能满足生产的要求,而且降低了成本,减少对环境的污染。     

矿物淬火油及其应用

目前,矿物淬火油仍在广泛应用.矿物淬火油通过加氢精炼去除S、N、O及某些金属元素是提高其淬火冷却性能和使用寿命的主要手段.矿物淬火油的冷却特性与冷却过程中膜沸腾阶段、核沸腾阶段和对流阶段的温度范围及添加剂等因素有关.指出了矿物淬火油的选用依据,如合乎要求的闪点,较低的油污形成倾向,不锈蚀工件,合适的传热性能等.简述了矿...     

Metal/quenchant interfacial heat flux transients during quenching in conventional quench media and vegetable oils

The determination of quench severity and the quantification of the boundary conditions at the metal/quenchant interface would be of considerable utility to the heat treating community. In the present work, an attempt has been made to determine the quench severity of various quench media, including three vegetable oils, by the Grossmann Hardenability Factor method and by estimation of heat flux transients by inverse modeling of heat conduction in 304 stainless steel quench probes. The heat flux transient technique was found to be more accurate than the Grossmann technique in assessing the severity of quenching. This finding was supported by the hardness data and microstructure obtained with the quenched steel specimens. New heat flux parameters are proposed to assess the severity of quenching. The boundary heat flux transients during end quenching of AISI 1040 steel specimens were also estimated. The estimated heat flux transients could be used for modeling of heat transfer during quenching. An attempt has also been made in the present work to assess the feasibility of three vegetable oils, namely coconut, sunflower, and groundnut oils, as quenching media. Further investigation is required in this direction to explore the suitability of these oils for industrial heat treating applications. This application would have immense environmental and economical benefits.     

改善热处理淬火油冷却特性的方法

通过对热处理淬火油冷却特性的试验分析,找出了改善一重集团公司热处理厂现有淬火油冷却特性的方法为按适当比例添加68号标准机油。解决了热处理产品淬火质量不稳定的问题,并节约了大量的成本。