国产小麦粉与酥性饼干品质的相关性研究

选用国内不同地域18种商业小麦粉和两种美国软麦粉,研究小麦粉品质与酥性饼干品质的关系,探讨酥性饼干粉的指标要求。结果表明,面粉的粉质吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、水保持力SRC、碳酸钠保持力SRC、蔗糖保持力SRC和碱水保持力AWRC与酥性饼干的质量总评分呈显著负相关,适合用来预测和控制酥性饼干专用粉品质,而面粉拉伸指标与酥性饼干质量相关性不大。研究证实,适宜制作酥性饼干的国产小麦粉应该是低(弱)筋粉,建议其品质指标如下:湿面筋含量≤26%,吸水率≤56%,稳定时间≤2.0min,水保持力SRC≤55%,碳酸钠保持力SRC≤70%,蔗糖保持力SRC≤100%,碱水保持力AWRC≤60%。     

国产小麦粉与酥性饼干品质的相关性研究

选用国内不同地域18种商业小麦粉和两种美国软麦粉,研究小麦粉品质与酥性饼干品质的关系,探讨酥性饼干粉的指标要求。结果表明,面粉的粉质吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、水保持力SRC、碳酸钠保持力SRC、蔗糖保持力SRC和碱水保持力AWRC与酥性饼干的质量总评分呈显著负相关,适合用来预测和控制酥性饼干专用粉品质,而面粉拉伸指标与酥性饼干质量相关性不大。研究证实,适宜制作酥性饼干的国产小麦粉应该是低(弱)筋粉,建议其品质指标如下:湿面筋含量≤26%,吸水率≤56%,稳定时间≤2.0min,水保持力SRC≤55%,碳酸钠保持力SRC≤70%,蔗糖保持力SRC≤100%,碱水保持力AWRC≤60%。     

青稞全粉与中筋小麦粉复配体系品质特性研究

选用青稞全粉作为研究对象,与中筋小麦粉复配,检测不同添加量青稞全粉的损伤淀粉特性、粉质特性、糊化特性、溶剂保持力,并进行相关性分析。研究表明:随着青稞全粉比例增加,破损淀粉显著增加(P<0.05),且与降落数值呈显著负相关;面团的吸水率呈上升趋势,当青稞全粉添加量为85%时面团的吸水率达到最大值73.10%,吸水率、弱化度显著增加(P<0.05);不同添加量对混合粉稳定时间的影响不显著;峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、衰减值、回生值显著下降(P<0.05),降落数值与峰值黏度呈极显著正相关;乳酸溶剂保持力SRC显著减少(P<0.05),湿面筋含量和乳酸溶剂保持力SRC呈极显著正相关;碳酸钠溶剂保持力SRC、蔗糖溶剂保持力SRC、水溶剂保持力SRC显著增加(P<0.05),破损淀粉值与碳酸钠溶剂保持力SRC,蔗糖溶剂保持力SRC与吸水率、蛋白质,水溶剂保持力SRC与蛋白质均呈极显著正相关性。     

脂肪酶对低筋小麦粉溶剂保持力的影响研究

研究了脂肪酶对低筋小麦粉溶剂保持力(SRC)和应用效果的影响。结果表明:脂肪酶具有正向调节低筋小麦粉乳酸SRC值和蔗糖SRC值、负向调节低筋小麦粉的碳酸钠SRC值、提高低筋小麦粉烘焙品质的作用。     

弱筋小麦SRC特性与饼干品质关系的研究

SRC值是评价弱筋小麦品质的简易快速的指标。本文选用11种弱筋小麦品种．分别测定其4种溶剂SRC值和酥性饼干品质特性，分析了弱筋小麦SRC特性与饼干品质的关系。结果表明，各SRC值与饼干的高度．硬度，脆性和韧性的相关系数较小；蒸馏水、50％蔗糖和5％碳酸氢钠3种SRC与饼干直径皆呈显著负相关，相关系数分别为-0．6037，-0．6524，-0．6904；5％乳酸SRC与饼干直径呈极显著负相关．相关系数为-0．8170；50％蔗糖SRC与饼干吸水率呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0．7497。以饼干品质评价结果对11个弱筋小麦样品品质排序．排序结果与现有的研究结果有很好的吻合性，表明用SRC值作为饼干品质的筛选指标是有效而可行的。     

玫瑰花粉对面团流变学特性及酥性饼干品质的影响

本文研究玫瑰花粉对面团流变学特性及酥性饼干品质的影响。通过在低筋小麦粉中添加玫瑰花粉(0%、5%、10%、15%、20%),研究混粉面团的粉质特性、糊化特性、溶剂保持力(Solvent Retention Capcity,SRC)及面团质构的变化对玫瑰花酥性饼干品质的影响。结果表明:添加玫瑰花粉的面团吸水率增大、稳定时间缩短、形成时间延长、弱化度增大,同时饼干面团的硬度增加,粘着性降低。与对照组(不添加玫瑰花粉)相比,玫瑰花粉添加量为15%时,饼干的硬度、酥脆性、脆度、咀嚼性分别为1252.875 g、0.343 g/sec、10.667 g·sec、1995.403 g,饼干的感官评分最高(85分),玫瑰花饼干风味浓郁,口感酥脆。     

小麦粉的溶剂保持力与其蛋白质含量及面筋黏弹性的关系

利用市售高筋、中筋和低筋小麦粉,按照一定比例混合制得混合粉,检测混合粉的蛋白质含量、微量水溶剂保持力和微量乳酸溶剂保持力,以及相应的面筋硬度、黏弹性等指标,进行相关性分析。结果表明:利用强筋和弱筋小麦粉按照一定比例配制成的混合粉,可以形成不同的蛋白质含量和不同筋力。微量乳酸SRC值与微量水SRC值和小麦粉蛋白质含量、面筋硬度及黏弹性均具有相关性,其中,小麦粉微量水SRC值与小麦粉蛋白质含量的相关性(R~2=0.809 0)高于微量乳酸SRC值与小麦粉蛋白质含量的相关性(R~2=0.782 6)。利用微量水SRC值可以判断小麦粉的蛋白质含量(筋力强弱),即当微量水SRC值大于52时为强筋粉,在51~52时为中筋粉,小于51时为弱筋粉。     

溶剂保持力与小麦部分品质性状的关系

为阐明溶剂保持力与小麦品质性状的关系,并为小麦品质评价提供参考,以品质差异较大的19份小麦品种(系)为材料,分析了SRC与籽粒硬度、AWRC、淀粉黏度特性和蛋白质品质性状间的关系.结果表明:水SRC、碳酸钠SRC、乳酸SRC与籽粒硬度、AWRC间极显著正相关(r=0.708～0.862),蔗糖SRC与籽粒硬度间相关不显著,与AWRC间相关显著(r=0.546);4种SRC皆与糊化温度问呈极显著或显著负相关(r=-0.569～-0.682),除水SRC、碳酸钠SRC与峰值时间呈显著正相关外(r=0.496,0.465),SRC与其他淀粉黏度特性指标间相关皆不显著;水SRC与蛋白质品质性状间相关不显著,碳酸钠SRC与SDS沉降值间相关显著(r=0.475),与其他指标间皆相关不显著,蔗糖SRC与蛋白质含量间相关显著(r=0.469),乳酸SRC与蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值间相关显著(r=0.466,0.559),与湿面筋含量、面筋指数和Zeleny沉降值间相关不显著.     

小麦粉溶剂保持力特性与挂面力学质地的关系

为了探究小麦粉溶剂保持力（solvent retention capacity,SRC）特性与挂面力学质地之间的相关性,选取品质性状差异较大的6 种小麦粉进行4 种SRC的测定,利用物性仪对其制作的挂面蒸煮前后力学质地进行测定。结果表明：乳酸溶液SRC与弹性模量、断裂位移、断裂应力、硬度、咀嚼性之间均呈显著或极显著正相关（r＝0.84～0.92）,与蒸煮损失率呈极显著负相关（r＝－0.99）;蔗糖溶液SRC与断裂应力、咀嚼性、蒸煮损失率之间均呈显著相关（r＝0.84、0.82、－0.83）;碳酸氢钠溶液SRC与内聚性、弹性、面条吸水率之间均呈显著或极显著相关（r＝－0.87、－0.85、0.98）;蒸馏水SRC与挂面品质指标之间相关性均不显著。SRC方法可以在一定程度上替代传统品质指标（蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、十二烷基硫酸钠沉降值和破损淀粉含量）测定方法,有效预测挂面力学质地。     

麦麸对酥性饼干物理性质和淀粉消化性的影响

目的 研究麦麸对酥性饼干颜色、物理性质以及淀粉消化性的影响。方法 将麦麸按0～50%比例添加到面粉中制作饼干,测定混合粉的溶剂保持力,测定饼干颜色、延展度、硬度以及淀粉消化性。结果 添加麦麸导致混合粉的水和碳酸钠溶剂保持力值增加,乳酸溶剂保持力值和面筋性能指数降低(4.71%～33.20%和25.73%～34.11%),饼干颜色变暗。当麦麸添加量大于20%时,饼干的延展度和硬度增大(53.54%～64.31%和135.98%～408.53%)。此外,麦麸的添加在一定程度上降低了饼干淀粉消化性。麦麸添加量与饼干物理性质呈强正相关性,与消化终点葡萄糖含量呈负相关。通过主成分分析,提取了2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为85.3%。结论 适量添加麦麸有效改善了饼干酥脆性,并在一定程度上抑制了饼干淀粉的消化,增加了饼干的功能性质,可以为麦麸产品的进一步开发提供参考。     

紫甘薯全粉-黑麦粉混粉理化特性及其对酥性饼干品质的影响

本研究以紫马铃薯和黑麦粉为原料,根据不同比例将紫薯粉与黑麦粉混合,对其溶剂保持率(SRC)、粉质特性、糊化特性和吹泡特性等进行研究,并分析了紫薯全粉对黑麦酥性饼干的质构、色差和风味等的影响。结果表明,紫薯粉中纤维素含量是黑麦粉的4.07倍,但蛋白质含量较低;紫薯粉的加入使得混合粉的SRC值上升,而面团的形成时间、稳定时间及糊化黏度降低;紫薯粉比例提高引起混合粉弱化度的降低,改善产品的贮藏特性,但其混合面团的P值、L值和W值均呈现下降趋势。随着紫薯粉的加入,紫薯-黑麦酥性饼干的硬度和咀嚼性下降,色泽呈现紫色并具有明显的紫薯风味。当紫薯粉含量在30%时,制作的酥性饼干的感官品质较好。     

Compositional and varietal influence of finger millet flour on rheological properties of dough and quality of biscuit

Biscuits prepared from flour composites containing 60:40 and 70:30 (w/w) finger millet:wheat flour were evaluated for its dough characteristics and biscuit quality. Hardness of biscuit dough measured by textural profile analysis was more in 60:40 combination than in 70:30 level. The dough became more adhesive with higher level of wheat flour and it varied across varieties. Extensograph data also showed that resistance of biscuit dough increased with the increasing levels of wheat flour. However, very little difference was observed between addition of 30 and 40 g/100 g wheat flour in terms of resistance to extension. Wheat composite flour (40 g/100 g) had higher water absorption capacity than in 30 g/100 g composite flour. Bandwidth of composite flour was narrower in 40 g/100 g wheat flour composite. Expansion of biscuit and breaking strength after baking was more in 70:30 composite than in 60:40. Among the varieties used, VL-324 brought about the positive changes of composite flour in rheological characteristics in terms of adhesiveness, extensibility and resistance to extension, which in turn improves biscuit quality. It provided better physical quality biscuit dough and biscuit in terms of its spread ratio, density and breaking strength. Studies indicated that composite of finger millet and wheat flour (60:40) was found better, particularly in case of biscuit quality. Out of six varieties, VL-324 was found best in terms of biscuit quality as well as acceptability.     

荷叶粉对面粉理化性质及酥性饼干品质的影响

目的:探索酥性饼干中荷叶粗粉与荷叶超微粉适宜添加量。方法:采用粉质仪、拉伸仪、湿面筋仪、降落数值仪测定荷叶粗粉与荷叶超微粉对面粉理化指标的影响,采用质构仪测定面团的硬度和酥性饼干的剪切力,采用感官方法评价酥性饼干的感官品质,采用菌落总数测定方法测定原料与酥性饼干的细菌总数。结果:在面粉中添加0%~15%的荷叶粗粉与荷叶超微粉,能够增加面粉的吸水率、降落数值和面团的硬度,降低面粉的稳定时间、面团的拉伸能量和湿面筋含量,酥性饼干的酥松度和感官评分先增加后下降,当面粉中荷叶粗粉添加量为6%、荷叶超微粉添加量为9%时,酥性饼干酥松度和感官评分最大,此时与空白相比,酥性饼干的感官评分分别提高9.81% 和18.33%,荷叶超微粉添加量比荷叶粗粉高出3%。与空白相比,添加15%荷叶粗粉的酥性饼干其细菌总数下降41.18%,添加15%荷叶超微粉的酥性饼干其细菌总数下降62.94%。结论:荷叶粗粉与荷叶超微粉能够增加酥性饼干的营养价值和感官品质,超微粉效果比粗粉更好。     

马铃薯鲜薯酥脆饼干的配方优化

以马铃薯鲜薯为主要原料,采用二步焙烤工艺制备马铃薯酥脆饼干,研究马铃薯泥与低筋面粉比例、碳酸氢铵与小苏打比例、鸡蛋液与棕榈油比例等三个因素对饼干剪切力、色差和感官品质的影响。结果表明,马铃薯泥与低筋面粉比例为13:2、碳酸氢铵与小苏打比例为5:2、鸡蛋液与棕榈油比例为5:5时,马铃薯饼干的剪切力在2000～2500g、色泽适中、感官评分高于80分。在此基础上,通过三因素三水平响应面优化试验得到饼干的最优配方为:马铃薯泥55.00%、低筋面粉20.00%、碳酸氢铵0.50%、小苏打0.13%、鸡蛋液6.86%、棕榈油5.00%、糖霜6.82%、淡奶油5.69%。此配方下的马铃薯鲜薯酥脆饼干具有良好的马铃薯风味,口感酥脆,品质优良,感官评分为87.20,与响应面模型预测值符合。本研究可为马铃薯烘焙产品的发展提供理论依据。     

香菇粉对面团特性和酥性饼干品质的影响

目的 研究香菇粉对面团特性和酥性饼干品质的影响。方法 在面粉中添加不同浓度香菇粉, 对香菇面粉的白度、湿面筋含量、降落数值、粉质参数和拉伸参数等指标进行了测定。通过质构分析及感官品质评价, 研究了香菇粉对酥性饼干品质的影响。结果 在面粉中添加0%~25%的香菇粉, 增加了面粉的营养价值, 显著降低了面粉稳定时间、面团拉伸能量、面粉的白度和湿面筋含量(P＜0.05)。面粉降落数值随香菇粉添加量的增加呈先降低后增加趋势。质构分析表明, 香菇粉添加量为8%时, 酥性饼干的硬度和咀嚼性最低, 感官品质评分最高, 为73.5分, 接近满分75分。结论 在面粉中添加香菇粉, 有利于制作酥性饼干及需要低筋粉制作的食品。酥性饼干中香菇粉最佳添加量为8%, 此时该香菇酥性饼干不仅口感更酥脆, 而且增加了饼干中蛋白质、粗纤维等的含量, 降低了碳水化合物含量。     

道菜酥性饼干的配方优化研究

本文以道菜为对象,以感官评价、质构特性为依据,研究了道菜、黄油、糖霜和疏松剂(碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢铵以2∶1比例复配)等因素对道菜酥性饼干品质的影响,并在单因素实验的基础上,设计正交实验探讨了道菜酥性饼干的最佳配方。结果表明:在低筋面粉100g、道菜10g、黄油50g、糖霜35g、疏松剂1g的条件下所制得的道菜酥性饼干香气明显,组织细腻,外形平整,口感酥脆,感官评分最高。     

Effect of wheat flour characteristics on sponge cake quality

BACKGROUND: To select the flour parameters that relate strongly to cake‐making performance, in this study the relationship between sponge cake quality, solvent retention capacity (SRC) profile and flour physicochemical characteristics was investigated using 38 soft wheat samples of different origins. Particle size average, protein, damaged starch, water‐soluble pentosans, total pentosans, SRC and pasting properties were analysed. Sponge cake volume and crumb texture were measured to evaluate cake quality. Cluster analysis was applied to assess differences in flour quality parameters among wheat lines based on the SRC profile. RESULTS: Cluster 1 showed significantly higher sponge cake volume and crumb softness, finer particle size and lower SRC sucrose, SRC carbonate, SRC water, damaged starch and protein content. Particle size, damaged starch, protein, thickening capacity and SRC parameters correlated negatively with sponge cake volume, while total pentosans and pasting temperature showed the opposite effect. CONCLUSION: The negative correlations between cake volume and SRC parameters along with the cluster analysis results indicated that flours with smaller particle size, lower absorption capacity and higher pasting temperature had better cake‐making performance. Some simple analyses, such as SRC, particle size distribution and pasting properties, may help to choose flours suitable for cake making. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Impact of endogenous constituents from different flour milling streams on dough rheology and semi-sweet biscuit making potential by partial substitution of a commercial soft wheat flour

A flour fractionation-reconstitution procedure was used to study the substitution of a commercial soft wheat flour with gluten, water extractables, prime starch and starch tailing fractions isolated from patent and clear flour streams on dough rheology and semi-sweet biscuit characteristics. Substitution of soft wheat flour with increasing levels of the native patent and clear flour streams raised the dough consistency, hardness and elastic properties as well as the biscuit textural attributes (density, hardness). The dough stickiness of the base flour was also reduced and the biscuits were free of cracks. Gluten isolated from the patent flour had a greater impact on dough consistency, hardness and elastic properties than gluten obtained from the clear flour, likely due to the superior protein quality of the former. Additionally, with increasing gluten levels in the fortified flour there were moderate increases in biscuit density, hardness, and lower crunchiness. The addition of starch tailings produced the largest impact on consistency and hardness of the dough. This fraction also exerted a pronounced effect on biscuit density and hardness, while it lowered crunchiness, presumably due to its higher pentosan content. Overall, the dough rheological properties and biscuit characteristics were controlled by the amount-nature of the fractions added; i.e., besides gluten (amount and quality), other constituents such as pentosans and the overall composition of the flour blends can largely affect the quality of the semi-sweet biscuits.