抑菌剂和抗氧化剂对咸干鲅鱼贮藏期间脂肪氧化的抑制

在鲅鱼腌制过程中分别添加0.3％茶多酚/迷迭香、0.3％丁香/桂皮、0.5％溶菌酶以及紫外杀菌4种方式进行样品处理,测定不同处理方式的产品在4℃下贮藏的硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、过氧化值(POV)、脂肪酸组成、粗脂肪以及菌落总数等指标,并对样品进行感官评价分析.结果 表明,茶多酚和迷迭香复配对脂肪氧化的抑制性较强,对脂...     

Effect of Water Activity on Lipid Oxidation and Protein Solubility in Freeze-dried Beef during Storage

ABSTRACT: Ground beef patties (15% fat) were freeze-dried to different a_w endpoints and stored at 25°C or 49°C. Water activity, total moisture (%), lipid oxidation (TBARS@450nm), and protein solubility were evaluated. TBARS @450nm was favored at 49°C, but not at 25°C except at high a_w range (p < 0.05), whereas protein solubility was greater at 25°C than 49°C (p < 0.05). TBARS@450nm values at 49°C were generally greatest at low a_w range (p > 0.05). Protein solubility was lowest at medium a_w at 49°C (p < 0.05), while at 25°C low a_w protected protein solubility better than other low or high a_w values.     

坛紫菜干品色差测定条件的优化研究

坛紫菜具有很高的营养价值,其品质与色泽密切相关,坛紫菜干品的色差研究有利于其优质化和标准化加工。以坛紫菜干品为研究对象,采用单因素和L₉(3⁴)正交试验确定色差最佳测定条件,以L^*、a^*、b^*值及变异系数为指标,研究光照强度、温度、湿度、背景色和坛紫菜干品片数对色差测定结果的影响。结果显示,坛紫菜干品色差测定的最佳条件为,光照强度为黑暗、温度为15℃、低湿度(40%以下)、白色背景及坛紫菜片数为4张,在该条件下坛紫菜干品的L^*、a^*、b^*值变异系数分别为0.41%、2.08%、2.07%。适宜测定条件有利于提高坛紫菜干品色差测定的稳定性,可为坛紫菜干品色差测定提供技术上的支持。     

A Kinetic Approach to Evaluate the Structure‐Based Performance of Antioxidants During Lipid Oxidation

Thermal kinetic parameters of fish oil oxidation, as affected by o‐hydroxyl, o‐methoxy, and alkyl ester derivatives of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid in various concentrations (0.02% to 0.16%) at 35 to 55 °C, were calculated. The average extent of increase (2% to 10%) in the values of free energy of activation, ?G⁺⁺, as well as the average extent of change in the Arrhenius equation parameters, including activation energy (E_a, –40.5% to 13.6%) and frequency factor (A, –55.0% to 4.3%), could be employed well to show structure‐based performance of antioxidants. Temperature coefficient (T_C) and Q₁₀ number, which were considered as the quantitative measures of thermal sensitivity of the lipid system, showed changes from –40.3% and –27.2% to 13.5% and 11.5%, respectively, in the presence of the antioxidants.     

Storage Water Activity Effect on Oxidation and Sensory Properties of High-Oleic Peanuts

Peanuts were stored under different water activities and maintained using saturated salt solutions, for 14 wks. Peroxide values, percent moisture, and sensory attributes were determined at 2 wk intervals. Peroxide values increased over time for all treatments. The highest oxidation values were observed in the peanuts held under 0.67 water activity, followed by 0.12, 0.52, 0.44 and 0.33, respectively. Moisture increased over time for all samples and correlated with the water activity of storage. Roast peanut flavor decreased with time and the decrease was greater at higher a_w of storage.     

迷迭香提取物在体外和萨拉米中的抗氧化活性

研究迷迭香提取物的体外抗氧化活性及其对萨拉米脂肪和蛋白质氧化的影响。对迷迭香进行提取,并测 定提取物的总酚含量、1,1-二苯基-2三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率、氧化自 由基吸收能力（oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC）和还原力。将不同质量分数的迷迭香提取物加入萨 拉米中,测定其对萨拉米加工过程中硫代巴比妥酸反应产物和总巯基含量的影响。结果表明：迷迭香提取物的总 酚含量为197.6 mg/g。当质量浓度大于80 μg/mL时,迷迭香提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力要优于异抗坏血酸钠 （P＜0.05）;迷迭香提取物的ORAC为2 920.3 μmol Trolox/g,显著高于异抗坏血酸钠（1 746.9 μmol Trolox/g） （P＜0.05）;迷迭香提取物在达到一定质量浓度时的还原力与异抗坏血酸钠无显著差异（P＞0.05）。添加 质量分数为0.02%和0.03%的迷迭香提取物可以有效抑制萨拉米的脂肪氧化,效果优于0.02%的异抗坏血酸钠 （P＜0.05）;添加质量分数为0.03%的迷迭香提取物能显著抑制蛋白质氧化（P＜0.05）,效果与0.02%的异抗坏血 酸钠相当。本研究证明迷迭香提取物具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,并可以有效抑制萨拉米加工过程中的脂肪和蛋白 质氧化,是一种高效的自由基清除剂和天然抗氧化剂。     

浒苔多酚协同低剂量电子束辐照对鳗鱼鲞菌落总数和油脂氧化的作用

为筛选合适的多酚预处理保护措施以减缓低剂量电子束辐照处理鳗鱼鲞中油脂的氧化酸败,延长其贮藏期,本实验对比对照（CK）、3 kGy电子束辐照、0.15%浒苔多酚（Enteromorpha prolifera polyphenols,EPP）＋3 kGy电子束辐照和0.3% EPP＋3 kGy电子束辐照4 种不同预处理措施对在4 ℃条件下贮藏6 月的鳗鱼鲞菌落总数及油脂氧化过程的影响。通过对比不同预处理后鳗鱼鲞菌落总数和油脂的硫代巴比妥酸反应物值、酸价、碘价、过氧化值、p-茴香胺值、脂肪氧合酶活力的变化,确定适合低剂量辐照鳗鱼鲞的EPP预处理方法。结果表明,低剂量电子束辐照处理促进了鳗鱼鲞的油脂氧化,EPP能有效抑制电子束处理导致的油脂劣化进程,0.3% EPP＋3 kGy电子束辐照处理能够有效减缓贮藏期间鳗鱼鲞油脂的氧化进程,并对菌落总数增长有明显的抑制作用,在整个贮藏期内,菌落总数始终不高于0.2（lg（CFU/g））,延缓了鳗鱼鲞的品质下降,延长了其货架期。     

Effects of Carrot Powder in Dough on the Lipid Oxidation and Carotene Content of Fried Dough during Storage in the Dark

ABSTRACT: Lipid oxidation and carotene content changes in fried dough containing carrot powder during storage at 60°C in the dark were studied. Flour dough containing carrot powder at 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% was fried in 160°C soybean oil and stored in a 60°C incubator in the dark for 12 d. As storage time of the fried dough increased, conjugated dienoic acids and β-anisidine values of the fried dough increased. Addition of carrot to the dough lowered CDA and PAV of fried dough during storage and improved the lipid oxidative stability of the fried dough in the dark. Carotenes in the fried dough containing carrot powder were decomposed during storage, and faster decomposition rate was found in the dough containing less carrot powder.     

Rosemary Extracts as Inhibitors of Lipid Oxidation and Color Change in Cooked Turkey Products During Refrigerated Storage

ABSTRACT: Water-soluble rosemary extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipid oxidation and color change in cooked turkey products during storage. Changes were measured in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hexanal production and color of the cooked turkey samples containing 0, 100, 250 and 500 ppm water-soluble rosemary extracts, at storage day 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 13. The rosemary extracts showed significant protection of lipid oxidation and color change in cooked turkey. Higher levels of water-soluble rosemary extracts were more effective in delaying quality loss in cooked turkey at all tested storage times.     

不同抗氧化剂体外抗氧化活性及其对肉品氧化稳定性的影响

为明确GB 2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》中允许添加至热加工肉制品使用的不同抗氧化剂的体外抗氧化活性与其抑制肉制品蛋白质氧化和脂肪氧化能力之间的关系,分别测定8种抗氧化剂的体外抗氧化活性(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由...     

水分活度降低剂在虾干加工中的应用研究

在单因素试验的基础上，采用L9（3^4）正交优化试验，研究了不同水分活度降低剂在虾干加工中的应用。结果表明：单因素试验表明，水分活度降低剂都不同程度地降低对虾干的Aw值，其能力大小为复合磷酸盐〉柠檬酸〉丙三醇〉1．2-丙二醇〉乙醇。优化试验表明，复合水分活度降低剂比单一水分活度降低剂降低Am的能力强，主次顺序为复合磷酸盐〉1，2．丙二醇〉丙三醇〉乙醇；最佳组合为复合磷酸盐0．2％、1，2．丙二醇0．5％、丙三醇1．0％、乙醇1．0％，此时Am值为0．759。保藏试验表明，Am值在0．833以下时，保质期可达90d以上。此外添加低剂量水分活度降低剂对虾干色泽、质地、组织结构和风味基本无影响。     

Rosemary Extract and Precooking Effects on Lipid Oxidation in Heat-Sterilized Meat

The influence of precooking and addition of refined rosemary extract on lipid oxidation during storage of heat-sterilized meat in trays was investigated. Short precooking resulted in increased lipid oxidation, while more extended precooking using peanut oil gave products with higher stability during storage. The addition of a gravy-type sauce (instead of water) to the meat when filling it into trays also resulted in higher storage stability. However, only the application of rosemary extract, especially after precooking, resulted in products with stability similar to those packed with nitrogen flushing.     

Natural Antioxidants as a Component of an Egg Albumen Film in the Reduction of Lipid Oxidation in Cooked and Uncooked Poultry

ABSTRACT: Egg albumen coatings with natural antioxidants fenugreek, rosemary, and vitamin E were evaluated for their antioxidant activity in diced raw and diced cooked poultry breast meat. Coatings were applied using a vacuum tumbling and a boiling method. Coated samples and uncoated controls were evaluated for their malondialdehyde and reactive substances content as a measure of lipid oxidation via the thiobarbituric acid test. Cooked egg albumen-coated samples showed reactive compound changes of 1.56 × 10⁻⁷M for 4 d of refrigeration, compared to 1.59 × 10⁻⁶ M change in the cooked control. Raw control changed by 1.97 × 10⁻⁶M versus 1.67 × 10⁻⁶ M for raw rosemary coated samples. In raw and cooked studies EAS coating showed most effective against lipid oxidation.     

Effects of Sesame Oil Addition to Soybean Oil During Frying on the Lipid Oxidative Stability and Antioxidants Contents of the Fried Products During Storage in the Dark

ABSTRACT: Effects of sesame oil addition to soybean oil during frying on the lipid oxidative stability and antioxidants contents of fried products during storage in the dark were studied. Flour dough pieces (2 cm × 2 cm × 0.1 cm) were fried at 160 °C for 1 min in sesame oil-added soybean oil. Concentrations of sesame oil in the frying oil were 0%, 10%, and 20% by volume. Fried products were put into a glass bottle, and the bottles were tightly sealed and stored at 60 °C in the dark for 18 d. Lipid oxidation of fried products was determined by fatty acid composition changes and conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) and p -anisidine (PA) values. Tocopherols and lignan compounds in the fried products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Relative content of linolenic acid decreased, and CDA and PA values increased during storage of the fried products in the dark. Fatty acid composition change and CDA and PA values during storage were lower in the products fried in sesame oil-added soybean oil than in the products fried in soybean oil without sesame oil. The results clearly showed that addition of roasted sesame oil to soybean oil at 10% and 20% during frying decreased the lipid oxidation of fried products during storage in the dark for 18 d by extension of induction period and decrease in decomposition of oxidized lipids. Fried products contained 134 to 267 ppm tocopherols and 0 to 148 ppm lignans before storage; however, their contents decreased during storage in the dark. Lignan compounds were more stable than tocopherols, and the rate of tocopherols degradation was lower in the products fried in sesame oil-added soybean oil than in the products fried in soybean oil without sesame oil, which could be because of protection of tocopherols from degradation by lignan compounds.     

复水时间对干制铁核桃雄花营养品质及抗氧化活性的影响

本文研究了复水时间对干制核桃雄花主要营养成分、矿质元素、氨基酸、抗氧化活性物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:干制核桃雄花复水时间应控制在10 min时能较好地维持其较高的营养品质和抗氧化活性;短时间(10 min)的复水对干制核桃雄花脂肪、淀粉及部分氨基酸(Glu、Tyr、Lyr和Pro)等大分子化合物含量影响较小;随复水时间延长,干制核桃雄花中各种常规营养成分,除钙和镁元素外的7种矿质元素,17种氨基酸以及抗氧化活性物质的含量均呈不同程度的下降趋势,且下降速率增大。从营养品质及抗氧化活性的保持程度来看干制核桃雄花的最佳复水时间为10 min。该研究为科学利用资源丰富的核桃雄花提供技术和理论依据。     

玉米须黄酮对冷藏猪肉糜脂质氧化的影响

为研究玉米须黄酮提取物对冷藏猪肉糜的脂质氧化的影响作用,以VE和二丁基羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxy toluene,BHT)为对照,分别将相同质量浓度0.01%的玉米须黄酮、VE和BHT添加到冷藏猪肉糜中,在4℃冷藏7 d过程中测定pH值、过氧化物值、硫代巴比妥酸值、感官评分和质构指标,并比较三者的DPPH自由基清除率.结果表明,随着冷藏时间延长,玉米须黄酮可以有效的抑制猪肉糜的pH值、过氧化物值和硫代巴比妥酸值的升高,较好地维持感官品质和质构特性,且DPPH自由基的清除效果优于VE,与BHT相似.因此,玉米须黄酮作为安全有效的天然抗氧化物质,能较好的抑制冷藏猪肉糜的脂质氧化,维持肉糜品质.     

3种抗氧化剂处理对干制鲅鱼脂肪氧化和挥发性风味成分的影响

以新鲜鲅鱼为原料,研究叔丁基对苯二酚（tert-butylhydroquinone,TBHQ）、奎诺二甲基丙烯酸酯（trolox）和L-半胱氨酸（L-cysteine,L-Cys）对干制鲅鱼脂肪氧化与挥发性风味物质的影响。检测并分析鱼肉pH值、脂肪氧化（酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛含量）、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力及挥发性风味成分的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,经0.02%抗氧化剂浸泡处理后鱼肉的酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛含量分别至少降低1.18 mg/g、0.28 g/100 g、66.68 mg/kg,DPPH自由基清除率提高9.80%,pH值未发生明显变化,抗氧化效果表现为Trolox>L-Cys>TBHQ;此外,抗氧化剂处理降低了干制鲅鱼中挥发性风味成分的相对含量;在TBHQ组、Trolox组、L-Cys组和对照组中,含有关键风味成分的数量分别为11、3、11、13种,仅L-Cys组中的关键风味成分与对照组接近,对干制鲅鱼特有风味的影响最小。综上,氨基酸类抗氧化剂L-Cys可以取代合成类...