褐藻多糖硫酸酯的生物活性及应用前景

褐藻多糖硫酸酯是褐藻的重要活性成分,可用于药品、保健品、食品和化妆品等领域。介绍了近年来褐藻多糖硫酸酯的生物活性研究进展,详细讨论了其抗凝血、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗炎等作用和工业应用前景。     

In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Sulfated Derivatives of Polysaccharides Extracted from Auricularia auricular

In this research, two types of sulfated polysaccharide derivatives were successfully synthesized. Their antioxidant activities were investigated by employing various established in vitro systems. In addition, the degree of sulfation was evaluated using ion-chromatography and IR spectra. The results verify that, when employing scavenging superoxide radical tests, both the sulfation of acid Auricularia auricular polysaccharides (SAAAP) and the sulfation of neutral Auricularia auricular polysaccharides (SNAAP) derivatives possessed considerable antioxidant activity and had a more powerful antioxidant competence than that of the native non-sulfated polysaccharides (AAAP and NAAP). On the other hand, AAAP and NAAP exhibited stronger activity on scavenging both the hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxidation. Available data obtained with in vitro measurements indicates that the sulfated groups of AAAP and NAAP played an important role on antioxidant activity. In sum, the research demonstrates that the antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide derivatives in vitro has a potential significance for seeking new natural antioxidant protective agents.     

不同苦瓜多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究

从总还原能力、体外清除羟自由基能力、体外清除超氧阴离子自由基能力、体外清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH.)能力、对Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用这五个方面对6种苦瓜多糖(即:苦瓜粗多糖、0.1mol/L NaC l溶液洗脱苦瓜多糖、0.3 mol/L NaC l溶液洗脱苦瓜多糖、硫酸化的苦瓜多糖)的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,6种苦瓜多糖均有一定的抗氧化活性,并随着浓度的增加,抗氧化活性增强。其中苦瓜粗多糖MCP的总还原能力、对1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH.)的清除作用、Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用强于其它五种苦瓜多糖。硫酸化后的苦瓜多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用较硫酸化前有所提高,并呈量效关系。试验结果表明,苦瓜粗多糖、经分离纯化得到的组分、硫酸化苦瓜多糖均有抗氧化活性。     

朝鲜淫羊藿中性多糖与酸性多糖的理化特征及抗氧化活性的比较

对朝鲜淫羊藿多糖(EFPC)进行分离纯化,并对其理化性质及抗氧化活性进行研究.采用水提醇沉法获得朝鲜淫羊藿粗多糖,通过除蛋白,经DEAE-52纤维素色谱柱(0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液洗脱),得到中性多糖(EFPN)和酸性多糖(EFPA).EFPC、EFPN和EFPA糖含量分别为79.59％、87.14％和91.4...     

无花果多糖体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

从无花果中提取、分离和纯化得到了均一性无花果多糖FCPS-1、FCPS-2、FCPS-3,通过测定DPPH自由基清除率、超氧阴离子自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率、还原能力研究了其体外抗氧化活性,采用MTT法研究了其体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明:以上无花果多糖均表现出与浓度正相关的体外抗氧化活性,其中FCPS-3具有相对更强的体外抗氧化活性。FCPS-3对HepG-2细胞和7901细胞具有更强的体外抗肿瘤活性,在浓度为2.0mg·mL-1时,FCPS-3对HepG-2细胞和7901细胞的抑制率分别为57.30%和54.49%。表明无花果多糖可作为潜在的天然抗肿瘤药物。     

1,1'-二芳基烷基醚化合物的合成及生物活性

利用氯苄和苄醇为原料,NaOH为缚酸剂合成了8个未见文献报道的1,1, 二芳基烷基醚类化合物,目标化合物经元素分析、IR、MS和1HNMR结构确证;初步生物活性测定结果表明:该类化合物具有虫、菌、草等广谱生物活性,如Ig在普筛浓度下(5.0×10-4)对蚜虫具有A级活性(>95%的死亡率),Ic在普筛浓度(2250ga.i./hm2)下,苗后茎叶处理对马齿苋和反枝苋均具有100%的防治效果。     

苯乙烯喹啉衍生物的合成及抗癌活性研究

以取代的苯胺和反式丁烯醛为原料,在盐酸中反应得到4个2 -甲基喹啉衍生物,所得产物再与芳香醛在冰醋酸中回流反应合成了10个苯乙烯喹啉衍生物,收率为64% ~ 78%。所得化合物的结构经1HNMR、MS、IR表征确认,并采用MTT法进行初步体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。结果表明,化合物Ⅱc对A 549和HCT 116细胞均有较高的抑制活性,IC50值分别为9.77和9.66 μmol/L,化合物Ⅱd对HCT 116细胞有较高的抑制活性,IC50值为9.80 μmol/L。     

Fucoidans as Potential Therapeutics for Age-Related Macular Degeneration—Current Evidence from In Vitro Research

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major reason for blindness in the industrialized world with limited treatment options. Important pathogenic pathways in AMD include oxidative stress and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. Due to their bioactivities, fucoidans have recently been suggested as potential therapeutics. This review gives an overview of the recent developments in this field. Recent studies have characterized several fucoidans from different species, with different molecular characteristics and different extraction methods, in regard to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit VEGF in AMD-relevant in vitro systems. As shown in these studies, fucoidans exhibit a species dependency in their bioactivity. Additionally, molecular properties such as molecular weight and fucose content are important issues. Fucoidans from Saccharina latissima and Laminaria hyperborea were identified as the most promising candidates for further development. Further research is warranted to establish fucoidans as potential therapeutics for AMD.     

Extraction,Preliminary Characterization and Evaluation of in Vitro Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Mentha piperita

This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. These results indicate that MPP may be useful for developing safe natural health products.     

紫荆花黄酮类化合物体外抗氧化活性研究

采用Fenton反应体系产生羟自由基和邻苯三酚自氧化产生超氧阴离子自由基,研究了紫荆花黄酮类化合物对两者的清除作用。并以芦丁为对照品,测定了其总黄酮含量。结果表明:紫荆花中总黄酮含量为9.094 mg/g。紫荆花黄酮类化合物对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均有清除作用,其浓度的添加量在试验范围内与其抗氧化活性呈正相关。紫荆花黄酮类化合物对羟自由基半数清除量(IC50)为127.822μg/mL。     

Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides Extracted from the Pulp of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.

In this study, two polysaccharides (Elaeagnus angustifolia L. polysaccharide-1 (PEA-1) and PEA-2) were prepared from Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Then, the preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of all the samples were investigated. The results showed that the average molecular weights for PEA-1 and PEA-2 were 9113 and 5020 Da, respectively. And, PEA-1 was mainly composed of rhamnose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose, respectively. The components of PEA-2 were rhamnose, mannose, glucose, and galactose, respectively. Moreover, the Antioxidant assays demonstrated that PEA-1 possessed of strong free radicals scavenging activity and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities, suggesting that PEA-1 could potentially be used as natural antioxidant.     

Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymolysis to Improve the Antioxidant Activities of Peanut (Arachin conarachin L.) Antioxidant Hydrolysate

The objective of this work is to provide a theoretical basis for preparing peanut antioxidant hydrolysate in order to improve its antioxidant activities. Therefore, response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design was used to optimize ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis for the purpose of preparing peanut antioxidant hydrolysate. Results indicated that the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of peanut hydrolysate could reach 90.06% under the following optimum conditions: ultrasonic power of 150.0 w, reaction temperature of 62.0 °C, incubation time of 25.0 min, and initial pH value of 8.5. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate of peanut hydrolysate from ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis improved comparing with that of peanut hydrolysate from protease hydrolysis alone. The peanut antioxidant hydrolysate was found to display eight improved kinds of antioxidant activities. In conclusion, the optimal ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis technology conditions described in this paper, appear to be beneficial for preparing peanut antioxidant hydrolysate.     

Molecular Basis of the Receptor Interactions of Polysialic Acid (polySia), polySia Mimetics,and Sulfated Polysaccharides

Polysialic acid (polySia) and polySia glycomimetic molecules support nerve cell regeneration, differentiation, and neuronal plasticity. With a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods, as well as data mining and molecular modeling techniques, it is possible to correlate specific ligand–receptor interactions with biochemical processes and in vivo studies that focus on the potential therapeutic impact of polySia, polySia glycomimetics, and sulfated polysaccharides in neuronal diseases. With this strategy, the receptor interactions of polySia and polySia mimetics can be understood on a submolecular level. As the HNK‐1 glycan also enhances neuronal functions, we tested whether similar sulfated oligo‐ and polysaccharides from seaweed could be suitable, in addition to polySia, for finding potential new routes into patient care focusing on an improved cure for various neuronal diseases. The knowledge obtained here on the structural interplay between polySia or sulfated polysaccharides and their receptors can be exploited to develop new drugs and application routes for the treatment of neurological diseases and dysfunctions.     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化猪毛菜总黄酮及其抗氧化活性

采用不同大孔吸附树脂分离纯化猪毛菜总黄酮,并对纯化后的总黄酮进行体外抗氧化活性测试。通过考察影响树脂静态和动态吸附与洗脱的主要因素,确定猪毛菜总黄酮分离纯化优化工艺条件。静态吸附实验表明,AB-8树脂分离纯化效果较好,并且吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。动态吸附和解吸的最佳工艺条件为:上样液质量浓度1.25 g/L、p H=4.5、上样流速2 m L/min、上样量2.5 BV(BV指树脂柱内装载树脂的体积)、洗脱剂为体积分数80%的乙醇溶液、洗脱流速1.0 m L/min,洗脱剂用量4 BV。所得洗脱液中黄酮质量分数从纯化前10.20%增加到纯化后51.89%,回收率为84.43%。体外实验表明,纯化后的黄酮可以清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基,并有较好的还原力。纯化后的黄酮可以作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂。     

紫背天葵黄酮的体内外抗氧化作用

采用体积分数80%的乙醇提取紫背天葵中的总黄酮并测定其含量,将粗提液萃取,经AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化,以Vc为对照,测定紫背天葵总黄酮粗提液、纯化液对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH.)、羟基自由基(.OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的清除能力,并考察紫背天葵黄酮纯化物的体内抗氧化效果。结果表明,紫背天葵中粗黄酮含量为13.928 mg/g,纯化比率为32.79%;紫背天葵总黄酮粗提液、纯化液对3种自由基均有不同程度的清除作用,且清除作用随黄酮质量浓度的升高而增强,纯化液的清除作用强于粗提液;低剂量紫背天葵黄酮纯化物实验组小鼠肝脏和脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05),而脑中的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于正常对照组(p<0.05)。     

Structural Characterization,Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of the Two Novel Exopolysaccharides Produced by Debaryomyces hansenii DH-1

Exopolysaccharides produced by edible microorganisms exhibit excellent constructive physicochemical and significant biological activity, which provide advantages for the food or pharmaceutical industries. Two novel exopolysaccharides produced by Debaryomyces hansenii DH-1 were characterized, named S1 and S2, respectively. S1, with a molecular weight of 34.594 kDa, primarily consisted of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 12.19:1.00, which contained a backbone fragment of α-D-Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Manp-(1→2)-α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-α-D-Manp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Manp-(1→. S2, with a molecular weight of 24.657 kDa, was mainly composed of mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 4.00:1.00, which had a backbone fragment of α-D-Manp-(1→6)-β-D-Manp-(1→2)-α-D-Manp-(1→4)-α-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Manp-(1→6)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Both S1 and S2 exhibited good thermal stability and potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, with ~98%. Moreover, S1 possessed an additional strong iron-reducing capacity. In vitro antitumor assays showed that S1 and S2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of Hela, HepG2, and PC-9 cancer cells. Moreover, PC-9 was more sensitive to S1 compared with S2. The above results indicate that S1 and S2 have great potential to be utilized as natural antioxidants and candidates for cancer treatment in the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

小麦杀雄剂杀雄啉的合成及生物活性

以2,6-二氯苯甲酰氯、4-氯苯胺为原料合成了小麦杀雄剂-杀雄啉,并进行了杂交小麦育种试验,试验结果表明杀雄啉的效果与进口同类产品一致。     

Vasorelaxant and Antioxidant Activities of Spilanthes acmella Murr.

This study reports the effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr. extracts on phenylephrine-induced contraction of rat thoracic aorta as well as their antioxidant activity. Results show that the extracts exert maximal vasorelaxations in a dose-dependent manner, but their effects are less than acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide (NO) vasorelaxation. Significant reduction of vasorelaxations is observed in both N^G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and indomethacin (INDO). In the presence of l-NAME plus INDO, synergistic effects are observed, leading to loss of vasorelaxation of both acetylcholine and the extracts. Similarly, the vasorelaxations of the extracts are completely abolished upon the removal of endothelial cells. This demonstrates that the extracts exhibit vasorelaxation via partially endothelium-induced NO and prostacyclin in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, the ethyl acetate extract exerts immediate vasorelaxation (ED₅₀ 76.1 ng/mL) and is the most potent antioxidant (DPPH assay). The chloroform extract shows the highest vasorelaxation and antioxidation (SOD assay). These reveal a potential source of vasodilators and antioxidants.     

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus Pluvialis by Response Surface Methodology and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts

Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was applied for the extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize extraction parameters to the content of astaxanthin. Four independent variables such as microwave power (W), extraction time (sec), solvent volume (mL), and the number of extraction were optimized in this paper. The optimal conditions were determined and tri-dimensional response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical models. The F-test and p-value indicated that microwave power, extraction time, the number of extraction, and their quadratic had a highly significant effect on the response value (p <0.01), then the solvent volume and the interaction effects of microwave power and the number of extraction also displayed significant effect (p <0.05). Considering the extraction efficiency, the optimized conditions of MAE were as follows: microwave power was 141 W, extraction time 83 sec, solvent volume 9.8 mL, the number of extraction four times. About 594 ± 3.02 µg astaxanthin was extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis the dried powders (100 mg) under the optimal conditions, and it close to the predicted contents (592 µg). The antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained under optimal conditions were analyzed, and the results showed that the extracts presented strong ability of inhibiting the peroxidantion of linoleic acid, exhibited strong radical-scavenging properties against the DPPH, as well as strong reducing power.     

仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用

分别对食用仙人掌(OpuntiaMiloaAlta)和野生仙人掌 (OpuntiadilleniiHaw)提取物进行了抑菌作用、最低抑菌和杀菌条件的研究。实验结果表明:野生仙人掌提取物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有明显的抑制作用,食用仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用效果不明显。野生仙人掌乙醇提取物 (odh)最小抑菌质量分数分别为:大肠杆菌w(odh) =2. 5%,枯草芽孢杆菌w(odh) =5%;最低杀菌质量分数分别为:大肠杆菌w(odh) =5%,枯草芽孢杆菌w(odh) =10%。此外,正交实验的最佳抑菌条件为:提取物w(odh) =10%,提取剂φ(乙醇) =85%,pH=4 5。