新型XLPE高压直流电缆绝缘料的空间电荷特性研究

高压直流电缆运行中的温度梯度效应导致电缆外绝缘层场强严重畸变,降低了绝缘的电气强度和使用寿命。在聚乙烯纳米复合材料的基础上,添加适量的交联剂、抗氧剂等制备了新型高压直流交联聚乙烯料,对其力学性能和电性能进行测试,并将其与国外主流XLPE直流电缆绝缘料的空间电荷积聚与场强畸变特性进行对比分析。结果表明:新型高压直流交联聚乙烯电缆料的性能优于国外主流XLPE直流电缆绝缘料,有望用于国产高压直流电缆。     

320kV交联聚乙烯直流电缆用国产基料选型研究

目前,320 kV交联聚乙烯(crosslinked polyethylene,XLPE)直流电缆是已投运的最高电压等级的柔性直流电缆。XLPE高压直流电缆是柔性直流输电系统的核心设备,将XLPE高压直流电缆绝缘基料国产化具有重要意义。该文测量与评估了多种国内知名厂家生产的绝缘基料的直流击穿电场强度、空间电荷特性与直流电导率,对比国外超净基料、绝缘材料(超净基料+2%交联剂)对应电性能指标,优选出了两种国产基料,确定了320kV XLPE直流电缆绝缘料用基料国产化的可行性。最后,详细研究了国产基料直流电导率参数,确定了适合于国产基料的电导率拟合函数。     

高压交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘老化及其诊断技术述评

对国内外部分高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆系统的绝缘损坏作了统计，分析了电缆及其附件绝缘老化原因和形态，叙述了XLPE电缆绝缘老化的机理。指出对高压电缆附件和缺乏径向防水构造的XLPE电缆需重视绝缘老化问题。对于XLPE电缆本体绝缘老化检测，认为高压级可比中压级简化。概述了国外绝缘老化诊断新技术的发展。最后，对局部放电检测绝缘老化技术方法作了试验探讨。     

柔性直流电缆绝缘料及电缆结构设计

重点探讨了柔性直流电缆绝缘料及电缆的结构设计。分析指出,空间电荷问题是柔性直流电缆绝缘急需解决的难题,电缆绝缘空间电荷测量装置的研制及空间电荷陷阱能量分布的测量均有助于空间电荷问题的研究。添加纳米填料抑制交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆绝缘中空间电荷时,可以通过表面物理或化学修饰等改性手段解决纳米粒子与XLPE的相容性问题。文中指出,柔性直流XLPE电缆绝缘中电场分布与体积电阻率呈正比分布,而电阻率取决于温度和场强。由于受到空间电荷的影响,运行中柔性直流电缆经受的反极性冲击电压是电缆绝缘的关键因素。最后,提出了开发高载流90℃工作温度绝缘料,并设计出绿色环保的高压、超高压陆地和海底电缆结构。     

高压交流电缆用交联聚乙烯绝缘料性能对比实验研究

中国高电压等级交流电缆用交联聚乙烯（XPLE）绝缘料研发较晚,目前国产220 kV电压等级绝缘料暂未获得工程应用。以3种国内外高压电缆XLPE绝缘料为研究对象,对比分析绝缘料热压试样的工频击穿场强、介电常数、介质损耗正切、熔融和结晶性能、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、微观形貌和交联度等参数。实验测试结果表明：国产XLPE绝缘料的宏观性能参数已经和进口XLPE绝缘料相差不大,甚至国产绝缘料试样的击穿场强和力学性能参数优于进口X1#试样,但同时也能够发现国产绝缘料的不足之处,例如击穿场强的稳定性较差、介质损耗角正切值偏大等。研究结论可为国产电缆绝缘料的研发与性能提升提供数据支撑。     

抗水树XLPE电力电缆的工频击穿特性

为检验电缆材料是否具有抗水树枝能力,建立抗水树枝材料性能试验手段和评价程序,在同一制造厂分别采用5种不同电缆绝缘料,生产同一绝缘结构的电缆,并制作成90个电缆试样。在相同试验条件下,进行14d负荷循环、120d加速老化、180d加速老化、360d加速老化和480d加速老化试验,然后对老化前原始样和老化后电缆试样共6种不同老化状态的电缆试样进行工频逐级击穿,试验研究XLPE电力电缆工频击穿特性。试验结果表明:普通电缆绝缘料制造的XLPE电力电缆工频击穿特性相对抗水树电缆绝缘料制造的XLPE电力电缆工频击穿特性存在明显差异,抗水树XLPE电力电缆经过480d加速老化试验后仍保持较好的工频击穿特性,安全运行寿命较长。     

直流XLPE电缆绝缘中空间电荷的抑制方法综述

交联聚乙烯(XLPE)因其优异的介电、理化性能而被广泛应用于电缆绝缘领域。在电缆的服役过程中,电缆绝缘内部会积聚空间电荷,严重时可引发电场畸变,导致电缆击穿事故发生。对于直流XLPE电缆,空间电荷的积聚及影响更加不容忽视。针对直流XLPE电缆绝缘中产生的空间电荷积聚效应,目前学界主要采用共混改性、聚合物链段接枝极性基团、纳米掺杂改性及制备高纯净绝缘料等方法来进行控制,改性后的直流XLPE电缆绝缘对空间电荷产生的抑制效果均有所提升。文中首先对上述直流XLPE电缆绝缘中空间电荷的抑制方法进行综述,介绍其抑制原理以及相应的抑制效果,然后对比总结不同抑制空间电荷方法的优缺点,最后对未来直流XLPE电缆绝缘中空间电荷抑制方法的研究发展作出展望。     

基于国产基料的交联聚乙烯高压直流电缆绝缘材料电性能研究

交联聚乙烯(crosslinked polyethylene,XLPE)高压直流电缆是直流电网的核心设备,将XLPE高压直流电缆绝缘料国产化具有重要意义。基于欧洲主流超净低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene,LDPE)与国内知名企业生产的2种超净聚乙烯,分别制备XLPE试样,并完成脱气处理。测量与评估3种XLPE试样的直流击穿电场强度、直流电导率、空间电荷特性等电气性能指标,综合评估交联材料电气性能。其中,一种国产交联聚乙烯材料的击穿场强与电导率性能指标接近于参考绝缘材料性能指标,其空间电荷性能指标优于参考绝缘材料性能指标,确定了XLPE高压直流电缆绝缘料国产化的可行性。     

高压交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘老化检测技术调研

概述了国内外高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆线路在运行中绝缘损坏的统计情况和主要事例，就XLPE电缆及其附件的绝缘老化现象进行了剖析，对电缆绝缘老化检测方法作了扼要叙述，并就现场用局部放电测试的部分方法及其特点作了简要评述。对于一般高压XLPE电缆，迄今未发现因水树生成延展而导致绝缘损坏的现象。包括预制式在内的接头和终端。往往是绝缘老化的薄弱环节，因而应重视对其进行现场的局部放电检测。     

高压直流电缆交联聚乙烯绝缘材料及半导电屏蔽材料热性能及机械性能分析

为实现高压直流电缆绝缘料国产化和保证直流电缆系统运行的长期可靠性,选取了两种配方体系的典型直流电缆交联聚乙烯（XLPE）绝缘料及半导电屏蔽料制备试验样品。利用差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、热失重分析（TGA）等技术,分析了试验样品的基本组成成分和分子结构特征,为判断电缆材料的优劣提供重要依据。对直流电缆绝缘料的热性能及机械性能进行了试验研究,考察了材料的导热性及热老化前后材料的力学性能变化,并对试验结果进行了对比分析,为未来直流电缆系统工程设计选型及建立直流绝缘料质量评价体系提供了基础试验数据支持。     

国产高压XLPE电缆绝缆中允许杂质尺寸的试验研究及方法

电树枝是影响XLPE电缆长期老化性能的重要因素,而确定高压XLPE电缆绝缘层中允许的最大杂质尺寸对于保证其长期老化性能是很重要的。本文利用针电极模拟杂质对从国产220kVXLPE电缆绝缘中所取得的试样进行了相关试验,得到电树枝起始电场强度约为270kV/mm,而杂质尖端最小曲率半径约为10μm。通过计算得到对于220kVXLPE电缆,杂质的最大允许尺寸约为130μm。这一结果与国家标准规定的允许杂质尺寸125μm基本符合,这一试验方法可以用于高压XLPE电缆中允许杂质尺寸的研究。     

关于高压XLPE电缆的绝缘厚度

就电缆绝缘厚度设计方法、XLPE电缆绝缘减薄的技术发展作了概述。针对110kV、220kVXLPE电缆绝缘厚度国内外存在的差异，从工程选用到全面对待提出了建议。     

X射线电缆绝缘线芯测偏仪的研制

介绍了一种使用 X射线进行电缆绝缘线芯偏心测量的装置 ,可以测量高压交联电力电缆绝缘线芯各层(导体半导电屏蔽层、绝缘层、绝缘半导电屏蔽层 )的厚度及偏心。     

Polymer insulated high voltage cables

This article reviews the different components, conductors, semiconductive shields, insulation, sheaths, and jackets, that make up extruded, high-voltage cables. The different types of conductors are described as are the different insulation systems that are available for medium and HV cables. There is a comparison of the two main insulators used in extruded HV cables, EPR, and XLPE. Each material has some properties that are better than those of the other material.     

XLPE电缆交流工况下雷电冲击作用的起始放电特性实验研究

应用针—板电极系统模拟高压交联聚乙烯（以下简称ＸＬＰＥ）电缆绝缘中的杂质和半导体层中的凸起物等因素引起的电场不均匀现象,通过实验探讨了在交流电压和冲击电压共同作用下ＸＬＰＥ电缆电树枝老化时起始放电电压特性。     

Electroluminescence technique to evaluate the effect of impulsetests on high voltage cables

EL (electroluminescence) in XLPE (crosslinked polyethylene) subjected to impulses of various amplitudes, shapes and repetition rates has been investigated. Defects that could occur in the polymeric insulation of underground HV cables were simulated by embedding semicon protrusions in XLPE to create highly divergent electric fields. Time resolved measurement of the EL pulses emitted during positive, negative or alternating polarity impulses has shown that the EL pulses are grouped into two distinct time periods between which there is no EL activity. The EL emission probability increased with fall time of the impulse voltage but was independent of the impulse rise time. A study of electroluminescence characteristics from unaged and aged XLPE, subjected to a pair of positive and negative impulses, indicated that the charge trapped in the polymeric insulation during aging plays an important role during impulse application and could affect insulation failure     

交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘交联度径向非均匀性探讨

在交联聚乙烯电缆交联度测试中,热延伸法测量表明,高压交联电缆绝缘内层的延伸率大于外层,说明绝缘内层的交联度小于外层,但凝胶含量试验方法的测试结果却与热延伸试验的结果完全相反,通过分析认为是内、外层绝缘结晶形态和结晶度的不同导致了凝胶含量试验法测试交联度的不准确性;此外,通过物理机械性能试验,发现绝缘内层的抗拉强度和伸长率小于外层,这些结果说明电缆绝缘交联度存在径向的非均匀性。     

Electrical stress enhancement of contaminants in XLPE insulation used for power cables

The use of XLPE as the insulation for power cables has grown steadily since it first introduction more than 30 years ago. Today XLPE is rapidly becoming the preferred insulation system for even the highest transmission voltages. This preference is due to the high reliability, low dielectric losses, and low environmental impact that can be achieved with XLPE. The positive effects of high quality insulation materials on improved cable performance have been well known since the start of cable making. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the technical background for the cleanliness levels and to quantify the level of performance required from clean materials. The advantages of clean insulation materials are seen at all voltages. However, this work focuses on the technical basis for the benefits for HV and EHV cables, which typically are designed with a water impervious layer to ensure that the cable remains dry throughout its entire lifetime. The presence of metallic contaminants in MV cable is known to enhance the growth of trees by raising the electric stress level locally. The singular impact of cleanliness on the performance of MV cables is somewhat more complicated as it is influenced both by the cleanliness of the insulation and the ability of the insulation material to resist the growth of water trees.     

Light emission in XLPE subjected to HV in high vacuum andpressurized gas

The spectral and spatial resolution of electroluminescence, the light emitted from polymeric insulation subjected to high electric field, is studied in a test cell pressurized to 215 kPa with ultra high purity nitrogen gas. The paper also describes light emission from crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) subjected to HV in an ultra high vacuum test cell. It is shown that the characteristics of light emitted from XLPE in the evacuated test cell are quite different from the light emitted when the test cell is pressurized. The mechanisms responsible for light emission under high vacuum condition are described and it is suggested that care should be taken when interpreting the light detected from polymeric insulation subjected to high electric fields     

高压XLPE绝缘电力电缆若干性能的试验及分析

通过有关试验验证与分析,提出了高压交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘电力电缆的交联均匀性、交联副产物释放和屏蔽层与绝缘交界面光滑圆整性控制及其改善措施。