一种低毒耐水UF胶粘剂的合成实验

介绍了一种低毒耐水UF胶粘剂(脲醛树脂胶粘剂)的合成，采用甲醛与尿素摩尔比(F／U)=1.2：1，二次加甲醛、三次加尿素的合成工艺，并添加合适的改性剂，使得胶液的游离甲醛含量达到国家规定指标，刨花板甲醛释放量接近欧洲E1水平。并讨论了合成工艺中pH值、F／U、反应温度与时间对胶液性能的影响，确定了改性剂的适宜添加量。     

低游离甲醛脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成

介绍了一种低游离甲醛脲醛树脂胶粘剂的制备方法.采用甲醛与尿素的摩尔比(F/U)为1.2,聚乙烯醇加入量为1.5,缩聚温度 90 ℃,缩聚时间为40 min .并讨论了合成工艺中pH值、F/U、反应温度和时间对胶液甲醛含量的影响,确定了改性剂的适宜添加量.     

E_0级胶合板用间苯二酚改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研制

以间苯二酚为改性剂,采用弱酸起始合成工艺制备了UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂,并着重探讨了合成工艺条件对UF胶粘剂游离F(甲醛)含量和胶接强度的影响。研究结果表明:当n(F)∶n[尿素(U)]=1.1∶1.0、初始p H=5.5、w(间苯二酚)=4%(相对于U质量而言)和反应温度为85℃时,UF胶粘剂中的游离F含量降至0.05%,胶合板的F释放量达到了E_0级水平(≤0.50 mg/L)、胶接强度(0.81 MPa)达到Ⅱ类胶合板的指标要求,并且耐水性明显提高。     

弱酸性起始条件合成改性UF胶粘剂的工艺及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和三聚氰胺(M)作为改性剂,采用正交试验法探讨了最终n[甲醛(F)]∶n[尿素(U)]、M掺量、M的加入方式和PVA掺量对脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂游离F含量和胶接强度的影响。研究结果表明:当最终n(F)∶n(U)=1.2∶1.0、在第2批U加入后添加M、w(M)=1%和w(PVA)=1%(均相对于U总质量而言)时,改性UF胶粘剂的游离F含量、胶接强度均满足GB/T 14732—2006标准要求;由上述UF胶粘剂压制而成的Ⅱ类胶合板,其F释放量(为2.89 mg/L)远小于GB/T 9846—2015标准中E2级指标要求。     

三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂工艺条件对体系游离甲醛含量的影响研究

本文采用"弱碱-弱酸-弱碱"工艺,以三聚氰胺为改性剂,制备了脲醛树脂胶粘剂,考察了甲醛与尿素摩尔比、出料p H值、三聚氰胺用量、尿素投料次数对UF树脂胶粘剂中游离甲醛含量的影响。结果表明,当U/F摩尔比为1.2、三聚氰胺改性剂用量2.5%、尿素分3批次投料时,合成的UF稳定性最好,UF中游离甲醛的含量为0.14%。     

木质素改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂合成工艺及性能研究

以木质素作为改性剂,采用正交试验法探讨了n(甲醛)∶n(尿素)、木质素加入量和木质素加入时间对UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量和胶接强度的影响,并优选出制备改性UF胶粘剂的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当n(F)∶n(U)=1.6∶1、w(木质素)=40%(相对于尿素质量而言)和前期加入木质素时,UF胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量(0.052 8%)满足室内装饰装修材料用胶粘剂中有害物质限量要求(GB 18583—2001)、胶接强度为6.65 MPa且耐水性明显提高。     

氧化淀粉改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成工艺研究

以氧化淀粉作为改性剂,采用正交试验法探讨了最终n(甲醛或F)∶n(尿素或U)、淀粉氧化时间、氧化淀粉加入量和交联时间等对氧化淀粉改性UF(脲醛树脂)胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量和胶接强度的影响。研究结果表明:当最终n(F)∶n(U)=1.2∶1、淀粉氧化时间为3 h、氧化淀粉加入量为10%(相对于甲醛和尿素总质量而言)和交联时间为60 min时,氧化淀粉改性UF胶粘剂的游离甲醛含量低于0.09%、胶接强度为1.48 MPa且耐水性明显提高;此时,相应胶合板的甲醛释放量(0.04 mg/L)满足GB/T 9846.3—2004标准中E0级指标要求。     

低游离甲醛含量脲醛树脂胶粘剂的合成工艺研究

研究了在弱酸-弱碱-弱酸条件下,加入改性剂合成脲醛(UF)树脂胶的工艺过程。实验结果表明,甲醛与尿素的配比[即n(F)/n(U)比值]、体系pH值、尿素的加料方式和改性剂对UF树脂胶中游离甲醛的含量和胶合强度有很大的影响;当n(F)/n(U)=1.06、缩聚反应阶段体系的pH值为4.75～4.80、尿素分3批加入、反应温度为90℃、加入适量的聚乙烯醇(PVA)和三聚氰胺改性剂时,制得的UF树脂胶中游离甲醛的含量不大于0.10%(符合GB/T14 074.16-1993标准中的指标要求)、粘接强度为4.70 MPa且综合性能优良。     

Uron型和三聚氰胺改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的对比研究

在强酸条件下,以尿素(U)和甲醛(F)为原料合成Uron(尤戎)环衍生化合物,然后与采用常规碱-酸-碱工艺合成的三聚氰胺(M)改性脲醛树脂(UF)胶粘剂进行了性能对比,同时还根据市场原料价格估算了两者的成本。研究结果表明:强酸条件下合成的UF胶粘剂含有Uron型环状结构(可明显提高胶合板的胶接强度,降低F释放量),具有胶接性能优异、生产成本低廉等特点。     

环保型高剪切强度脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备

采用碱-酸-碱合成工艺,分段控制温度,分批加入尿素,加PVA改性,制备脲醛树脂胶黏剂。研究了n(F)/n(U)、反应温度、反应时间和PVA加入量对胶液甲醛含量和试样剪切强度的影响。结果表明:当n(F)/n(U)为1.4:1,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为70min,PVA加入1.0%时,制备的胶黏剂游离甲醛的含量降至0.1%以下,试样的剪切强度可达3.0MPa以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。