进气道稳流试验装置内三维流动特性的数值模拟

使用FLUENT商业软件，采用RNG κ-ε湍流模型，对稳定流动实验条件下，不同进气道角度时切向进气道一气门一气缸内的流场，在两种气门升程下进行了三维数值模拟；分析了气道一气门一气缸内气体的稳态流动特性；总结了不同气道角度、不同气门升程时气道和缸内气体流动的变化规律。随着气门升程的增加，气道角度对缸内涡流的影响增大，并且涡流和滚流相互抑制。     

双进气道柴油机可调进气涡流形成机理的研究

在稳流气道试验台上,分别对两种由直气道和螺旋气道组合的双进气道柴油机的进气涡流调节特性进行了试验,结果显示:两种组合方式下的双进气道的可调进气涡流特性存在很大差异.利用三维进气流动仿真技术,对两种气道组合的双进气道进气涡流调节特性分别进行了仿真计算,计算所得的涡流比和流量系数与试验结果具有较好的一致性.通过对两种组合方式下进气涡流调节前后的流场变化及差异作进一步的分析比较,得到了双进气道柴油机可调进气涡流形成的机理.     

4气门直喷柴油机进气道组合和位置对进气涡流的影响

在稳流气道试验台上,对4气门直喷柴油机采用螺旋进气道和切向进气道的不同组合和不同相互位置时,气道的流动特性进行了试验研究。为了上邻气道的进气气流在缸内干涉的程度及其对缸内涡流运动的影响,提出了流量系数损失率和角动量矩损失率的概念。研究结果表明：柴油机采用切向气道在后的气道组合时,涡流比的变化受后面螺旋气道方位的影响较小,相邻气道的进气气流干涉较小。     

四气门柴油机进气道组合对涡流和流量影响的研究

四气门柴油机进行气道可以选用不同类型的进气道进行组合,如二个螺旋进气道、二个切向进气道或一个切向进气道一个螺旋进气道等。螺旋进气道和切向进气道气门出口处气流分布不同,不同的气道组合对进气涡流影响必然不同。本文介绍了在气道稳流试验台上进行试验研究的结果。     

4气门柴油机进气系统匹配的试验研究

在4气门直喷式柴油机进气系统上采用一个螺旋气道与一个切向气道的组合，并就两者的相对位置关系做了稳流对比试验，决定采用长切向气道与短螺旋气道相匹配的组合。研究了切向气道开度对进气过程的影响，提出了4气门进气系统的评价指标，指出了实现可变进气涡流的途径。另外，用热线风速仪对组合气道内的空气流动进行了测量，揭示了组合气道内流动的规律。     

四气门柴油机进气道的三维实体造型及流场数值模拟

本文介绍了四气门柴油机双进气道设计的一种现代方法，即应用反向工程技术实现气道三维造型，并应用CFD软件FIRE对其实现气道一气门一气缸内气体三维数值模拟，计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。对气道内气流流动特性进行评价及对比，得出对于单进气道布置以切向布置最佳，因这样能产生相对大的涡流，双进气道因两气流产生干涉，造成少量的流量损失，但却会增强缸内的涡流。     

柴油机进气道流动特性试验与数值模拟

用稳流气道试验和计算流体动力学(CFD)流动模拟两种手段对柴油机进气道进行了流动特性参数的测量和计算.对两气门柴油机的单个螺旋气道的试验和模拟数据进行了对比,对四气门柴油机两气道同时开启情况进行了模拟.根据流场信息对模型进行了修改,修改前后模拟结果的比较说明YZ495的气门与气道匹配良好,YZ4102的单螺旋气道多余截面削除后显著提高了涡流比.     

汽油机性能优化计算分析

为了提升某三缸二气门汽油机的标定功率及最大扭矩,采用BOOST软件对该机建立数值模型,并进行了标定;以此为基础建立了该三缸机的四气门模型,对进气系统和配气机构进行了优化,计算了优化后四气门的外特性,并与原机性能曲线进行了对比,结果显示汽油机四气门化后的性能满足了优化目标要求.     

同心反切燃烧方式的气固两相流动特性实验研究

针对切向燃烧锅炉燃用劣质煤时的稳燃烧及水冷壁高浊腐蚀等问题,采用ＰＤＡ测量系统,对四角切圆锅炉中一、二次风同心反切和同心同向燃烧方式进行了气固两相流动特性的实验研究。结果表明,与同心同向燃烧方式相比,同心反切燃烧方式的气固两相流动特性使其在稳燃、低ＮＯｘ排放、防结渣、防高温腐蚀等方面具有较优良的性能。     

柴油机螺旋进气道结构优化与CFD分析

采用数值模拟方法对卧式二缸柴油机进气道的流动特性进行了研究,根据计算流体力学(CFD)仿真计算结果,分析了进气道以及缸内气体的流动特性,并针对气道最小截面的2种修改方案进行了对比分析,分别得出了3种气道模型方案的流量系数和涡流比以及气道性能的变化趋势.计算结果表明:与原气道对比,方案A的平均涡流比提高14.5%,而方案B的平均流量系数提高5.4%,因此可见最小截面面积是影响气道性能的主要结构参数之一,在螺旋进气道修正设计过程中应予以充分重视,以便有效控制和提高气道性能.     

长距离供水系统中空气阀的进排气特性参数研究

为研究空气阀进排气特性参数,基于数学模型,通过模拟计算,得出了空气阀的进排气流量系数与流通面积乘积随压差的变化规律;并根据不同压差下的空气阀进排气流量系数与流通面积乘积值,计算了不同进气流量系数下的进气流通面积。结果表明,空气阀的进排气流量系数与流通面积乘积随压差的增大而增大,且排气时乘积的变化幅度小于进气时;进气流通面积与其直径直接对应的面积存在差异。研究结果可为空气阀的设计及选型提供指导作用。     

Numerical study of internal flow field and flow passage improvement of an inlet particle separator

By performing gas flow field numerical simulations for several inlet Reynolds numbers Re (from 2 × 10⁵ to 9 × 10⁵) and byflow ratios x (from 10% to 20%), the present study has proposed to improve the flow passage of an inlet particle separator. An adjacent objective of the study is to lower pressure losses of the inlet particle separator (IPS). No particle has been included in the gas flow for a k-epsilon turbulence model. The velocity distribution in different sections and the pressure coefficient C_p along the duct have been analyzed, which indicates that there exist important low-velocity regions and vortices in the separation area. Therefore, the profile of streamlines along the original passage has been considered. This profile illustrated a vacuum region in the same area. All investigations suggest that the separation area is the most critical one for fulfilling the objective on pressure losses limitation. Then the flow passage improvement method has focused on the separation area. An improved shape has been designed in order to suit smoothly to the streamlines in this region. Similar numerical studies as those for the original shape have been conducted on this improved shape, confirming some considerable enhancements compared with the original shape. The significant vortices which appear in the original shape reduce in amount and size. Besides, pressure losses are greatly decreased in both outlets (up to 30% for high Reynolds number) and the flow is uniform at the main outlet. Subsequent engineering surveys could rely on expressions obtained for C_p in both outlets which extend the pressure losses for a wide range of inlet Reynolds numbers. As a result, the numerical calculations demonstrate that the flow passage improvement method applied in this study has succeeded in designing a shape which enhances the flow behavior.     

开式燃气轮机中冷回热再热循环功率和效率优化

建立了开式燃气轮机中冷回热再热（ICRR）循环有限时间热力学模型,导出了循环功率和效率解析式,优化了气流沿通流部分的压降（或低压压气机进口空气质量流率）和中间压比,得到最大功率;并在给定燃油流率的情况下,优化了气流沿通流部分的压降和中间压比,得到最大热效率,进一步在给定低压压气机进口和动力涡轮出口总面积的情况下,优化两者面积分配比,得到双重最大热效率.     

槽式太阳能集热器热性能实验测试

针对天津市槽式太阳能集热系统性能测试平台,对不同太阳辐射强度、入口流体温度以及不同工质流量状况下集热效率和集热管压降变化规律进行实验测试,通过测试数据对槽式太阳能集热器热性能进行分析.试验结果表明:在天津地区槽式太阳能集热器集热效率可以达到66.1％;太阳辐射强度的增强,会提高集热效率,并且集热器进出口的压降会随之降低...     

抽水蓄能电站同发同抽水力特性VOF数值模拟

为了有效缓解电网突然出现的电力不平衡现象,同一个抽水蓄能电站不同水力单元机组同时分别发电及抽水运行,是对抽水蓄能运行及调度方式的一个重大创新措施。以某抽水蓄能电站上库为例,通过数学模型研究上库进/出水口在同发同抽工况下的库区水流流态、流道的水力特性、库区漩涡特性等水力参数的变化规律。结果表明,VOF方法可很好地模拟抽水蓄能同发同抽过程;同发同抽工况下,库区内进出水口附近局部水流流态与单向运行工况基本一致,但是两进/出水口之间形成连通的水流通道,库区内形成大范围横向流动,致使抽水单元大部分水流再次进入发电单元。     

Investigation on inlet recirculation characteristics of double suction centrifugal compressor with unsymmetrical inlet

The inlet recirculation characteristics of double suction centrifugal compressor with unsymmetrical inlet structures were studied in numerical method, mainly focused on three issues including the amounts and differences of the inlet recirculation in different working conditions, the circumferential non-uniform distributions of the inlet recirculation, the recirculation velocity distributions of the upstream slot of the rear impeller. The results show that there are some differences between the recirculation of the front impeller and that of the rear impeller in whole working conditions. In design speed, the recirculation flow rate of the rear impeller is larger than that of the front impeller in the large flow range, but in the small flow range, the recirculation flow rate of the rear impeller is smaller than that of the front impeller. In different working conditions, the recirculation velocity distributions of the front and rear impeller are non-uniform along the circumferential direction and their non-uniform extents are quite different. The circumferential non-uniform extent of the recirculation velocity varies with the working conditions change. The circumferential non-uniform extent of the recirculation velocity of front impeller and its distribution are determined by the static pressure distribution of the front impeller, but that of the rear impeller is decided by the coupling effects of the inlet flow distortion of the rear impeller, the circumferential unsymmetrical distribution of the upstream slot and the asymmetric structure of the volute. In the design flow and small flow conditions, the recirculation velocities at different circumferential positions of the mean line of the upstream slot cross-section of the rear impeller are quite different, and the recirculation velocities distribution forms at both sides of the mean line are different. The recirculation velocity distributions in the cross-section of the upstream slot depend on the static pressure distributions in the intake duct.     

Effects of operating conditions on cell performance of PEM fuel cells with conventional or interdigitated flow field

In this work, the influences of various operating conditions including cathode inlet gas flow rate, cathode inlet humidification temperature, cell temperature, etc. on the performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with conventional flow field and interdigitated flow field are experimentally studied. Experimental results show that the cell performance is enhanced with increases in cathode inlet gas flow rate, cathode humidification temperature and cell temperature. However, as cell temperature is higher than or equal to anode humidification temperature, the cell performance is deteriorated due to failure in humidification of the cell. Comparison between interdigitated flow field and conventional flow field shows that the former provides higher cell performance and remarkably reduces fuel consumption for efficient diffusion of the fuel gas to the diffuser layer. As air is used as the cathode inlet gas, PEM fuel cell with interdigitated flow field can obtain preferable limiting current density, and the optimal power is about 1.4 times as that of the cells with conventional flow field. Rib and shoulder areas are more advantageous to electrochemical reaction in interdigitated flow field; hence a large flow field area ratio degrades the better performance area and thus the cell performance. But too small flow field area ratio also deteriorates the cell performance due to the decrease in effective reaction area. Theoretically, the flow field area has an optimum value, i.e., 50.75% in this work, providing higher performance than 66.67%.     

卧式柴油机冷却水流动特性的影响因素研究

针对卧式柴油机强制冷却闭式循环系统水套结构,试验研究了不同工况下水套入口流量及关键点的温度和压力。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)三维模拟的方法建立了冷却水流动仿真模型,并进行了试验验证。设计了冷却水套结构参数正交方案,通过CFD模拟分析了水泵出水流量、公共水腔截面形状和面积、缸体及缸盖入水孔的设置和分布等水套结构参数对冷却水流动的影响关系。研究结果表明:卧式柴油机缸体入水孔截面积和布置对缸体水套冷却水流动、冷却效果和冷却均匀性有很大的影响;卧式柴油机缸盖入水孔的位置、孔数和截面积等结构参数对缸盖水套的冷却水流动、冷却效果、冷却均匀性及进/排气侧的冷却分布等均有很大的影响。     

排气质量流量和过量空气系数对三效催化转换器动态特性的影响

在发动机瞬态工况下,试验研究了排气质量流量、过量空气系数的阶跃幅值和周期对三效催化转换器动态特性的影响规律．试验结果表明,排气质量流量、过量空气系数的阶跃幅值和周期对三效催化转换器活性层中铈（Ce）表面氧气吸附和脱附存储能力（OSC）、排放影响显著．稀混合气向浓混合气阶跃后,排气质量流量增加,出口过量空气系数在理论混合...     

Model for predicting performance of cooling fans for thermal design of electronic equipment (Modeling and evaluation of effects from electronic enclosure and inlet sizes)

This study describes the performance of cooling fans in terms of the P–Q curve and the maximum flow rate under various environmental conditions. It focuses on the relationship between fan performance and configuration factors such as the electronic enclosure. The presence of an enclosure wall increased the pressure characteristic of the fan performance. The presence of a narrow inlet decreased the flow rate. When the inlet area of the enclosure became smaller than twice the fan flow area, the flow rate was decreased. The maximum flow rate depended on the ratio of the inlet area to the fan flow area. A model for predicting pressure rise and flow rates in the enclosure is proposed. The model is used in a thermal analysis of a PCB model set in an enclosure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20347