路面激扰与电磁激扰下电动轮车辆系统非线性全局动态特性研究

为研究电动轮车辆系统在路面 电磁联合激励下的非线性振动特性,并挖掘参数与初始条件协同作用下系统全局动力学信息,建立了计及悬架系统和轮胎的非线性弹簧力和阻尼力的电动轮车辆系统两自由度1/4垂向振动非光滑非线性时变动力学模型,考虑外部激励的谐波性和随机性以及电磁激励的分段周期性,得到了含谐波性、随机性和周期性的复杂外激励模型,分析了驱动电机转速与多初值的关联性对系统动力学共存行为及其分岔的影响规律,研究了共存运动的多样性及其吸引域的拓扑构型,揭示了转速对系统全局动力学稳定性的影响机理.结果表明：电机转速与多初值协同作用诱发系统出现多样性的共存运动,共存运动吸引域的拓扑结构复杂多样,部分共存运动的振动幅值可能较大亦可能很小,其全局动力学稳定性差异较大.电机转速与初值的协同作用对电动轮车辆系统非线性振动和全局动态特性的影响不予忽视.本文研究对电动轮车辆系统的动态性能改善和结构优化具有重要的理论意义和工程价值.     

不同阶外激励下压电纤维复合材料悬臂板的内共振特性分析

本文研究了不同阶横向激励作用下压电纤维复合材料(MFC)悬臂板的非线性动力学特性.基于Reddy一阶剪切板理论,引入von Kármán几何非线性理论,利用Hamilton原理建立了结构的非线性动力学控制方程.讨论在不同结构尺寸下的前三阶固有频率,利用Galerkin方法将系统离散为三自由度的非线性常微分方程.考虑主参数共振-1:3:5内共振,分析不同阶外激励作用下压电纤维复合悬臂板的非线性振动响应.数值模拟结果表明,复合材料板几何尺寸增大时结构的固有频率降低.此外,不同阶的横向激励幅值对结构的非线性振动影响很大,为实际工程应用提供理论支持.     

悬臂式蜂窝夹层板的非线性动力学建模及分析

蜂窝夹层结构因其良好的力学特性,在众多工程领域具有非常广泛的应用.本文建立了悬臂边界条件下,蜂窝夹层板的动力学模型并研究其非线性动力学行为.选取文献中更加接近实体有限元解的等效弹性参数公式对蜂窝芯层进行等效简化,得到六角形蜂窝芯的等效弹性参数.基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论,应用Hamilton原理建立悬臂式蜂窝夹层板在受到面内激励和横向激励联合作用下的偏微分运动方程.然后利用Galerkin方法得到两自由度非自治常微分形式运动方程.在此基础上,通过对悬臂式蜂窝夹层板进行数值模拟分析系统的非线性动力学.结果表明面内激励和横向激励对系统的动力学特性有着重要影响,在不同激励作用下系统会出现周期运动、概周期运动以及混沌运动等复杂的非线性动力学响应.     

压电纤维复合材料层合壳的非线性动力学研究

本文对横向激励作用下的1-3型压电纤维复合材料层合壳进行了非线性动力学分析,并研究了压电特性对结构振动响应的影响.首先建立了压电纤维复合材料层合壳的非线性动力学方程,并且在已知的几何结构和材料特性基础上考虑了电场属性.然后根据位移边界条件,选择合适的振型函数,通过Galerkin方法将运动控制方程转化成两自由度的非线性常微分方程.通过数值模拟方法分析了横向激励和压电系数对压电纤维复合材料层合壳非线性振动特性的影响.通过波形图、三维相图、庞加莱图和分叉图等来研究壳体不同类型的周期和混沌运动.结果表明,外激励作用下结构存在复杂的非线性振动响应,同时压电参数对层合壳结构振动响应具有很强的调节作用.     

轴向运动薄板非线性振动及其稳定性研究

应用增量谐波平衡法(IHB法)研究轴向运动薄板横向非线性振动特性及其稳定性.通过Hamilton原理推导出了非惯性参考系下四边简支轴向运动薄板的横向振动微分方程,然后利用Galerkin方法离散运动方程.对离散后的非线性方程组应用IHB法进行非线性振动分析,研究了在固有频率之比ω20/ω10接近于3:1情况下,外激励频率ω在ω10附近的具有内部共振的基谐波响应.最后用多元Floquet理论分析了系统周期解的稳定性,其中采用Hsu方法来计算转移矩阵.通过对具体例子的数值计算,分别得到了自由振动和不同外激励下的频幅相应曲线,通过对比运动梁模型和运动薄板模型的计算结果,分析了各种模型的适用范围.     

基于Kelvin模型的粘弹性浅拱的动力稳定性

研究了外激励作用下非线性粘弹性浅拱的动力行为．通过达朗贝尔原理和欧拉一贝努利假定建立了浅拱的动力学控制方程,其中采用Kelvin模型来表示非线性粘弹性材料的本构关系,并利用Galerkin法将方程简化用于数值分析．分析了粘弹性材料参数、浅拱矢高、外激励幅值和频率对系统分岔和混沌等非线性动力学行为的影响,结果表明各种参数条件下系统的非线性动力特性十分复杂,周期运动、准周期运动和混沌运动窗口在一定条件下交替出现．     

参数激励和外激励联合作用下薄板的非线性动力学

研究了在参数激励和外激励联合作用下四边简支矩形薄板的非线性动力学.基于von Karman理论,推导出了在参数激励和外激励联合作用下四边简支矩形薄板的动力学方程.利用Galerkin法对偏微分方程进行三阶离散,得到一个三自由度的常微分方程.考虑1:2:4内共振-主参数共振-1/2亚谐共振的情况,利用多尺度法得到了薄板系统的六维的平均方程.最后,采用数值方法研究了薄板的周期和混沌运动.结果发现外激励对薄板的混沌运动是敏感的.     

航空发动机叶片非线性振动分析

论文研究了航空发动机叶片的非线性振动问题,将叶片简化为旋转圆锥壳,考虑预安装角和预扭转角的影响,利用Hamilton原理建立了不同激励作用下的叶片的非线性偏微分运动方程.综合运用Galerkin方法和数值方法,对叶片进行了非线性动力学分析,模拟不同转速和激励作用下的叶片运动,得到波形图,讨论了转速和外载荷对旋转叶片非线性动力学特性的影响.     

双叶片整体叶盘的非线性振动分析

论文研究了双叶片整体叶盘的非线性振动问题,将双旋转叶片简化为弹簧-旋转曲壳系统,考虑叶片的预安装角和预扭转角的影响,利用Hamilton原理建立了整体叶盘的非线性偏微分运动方程.综合运用Galerkin方法和数值方法,对模型进行了非线性动力学分析,模拟不同转速和激励作用下的叶片运动,得到波形图、相位图和功率谱密度,讨论了转速和外载荷对系统的非线性动力学特性的影响.     

石墨烯三相复合材料板的非线性动力学研究

研究带有石墨烯涂层的1-3型压电纤维复合材料(MFC-GP)简支板结构的非线性动力学特性.首先,基于Reddy一阶剪切变形理论、Von Kármán位移应变关系以及Hamilton原理,推导了MFC-GP复合材料板的非线性偏微分方程.根据边界条件选择适当的模态函数,利用Galerkin法将偏微分方程离散成两自由度的常微分方程.采用多尺度方法进行摄动分析,得到结构在1∶1内共振下的频响方程,分析了石墨烯体积分数、电压、温度等对结构非线性频响曲线的影响.通过数值模拟,运用分叉图、相图、波形图研究了外激励对MFC-GP板非线性振动响应的影响.结果表明:不同参数及外激励下,结构出现了复杂的非线性动力学行为,对今后的工程实际应用具有一定的指导意义.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.