加工工艺对Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金第二相粒子析出行为的影响（英文）

系统地研究了不同加工工艺对Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金第二相粒子析出行为的影响。结果表明,随着冷轧和退火次数减少、中间退火温度和最终退火温度降低与时间的缩短,第二相粒子的平均晶粒尺寸在减小。在温度高于640℃的中间退火过程中形成的β-Zr相在最终的退火过程中很难完全分解。由于Ostwald熟化效应,最终退火时间的延长会导致合金中尺寸较小的第二相粒子通过原子扩散合并成尺寸较大的第二相粒子。与其它加工工艺相比,降低中间退火温度在减小第二相粒子尺寸方面更为有效。通过低温中间/最终退火(≤520℃)或缩短退火时间(≤2 h)可获得平均晶粒尺寸小于50 nm的第二相粒子。研究结果对调控Zr-Nb系合金第二相粒子的析出行为具有重要意义。     

Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金加工工艺与腐蚀行为关系研究

本文系统地研究了Zr-1Nb-0.01Cu合金加工工艺与腐蚀行为之间的关系。结果表明,合金中第二相粒子尺寸越小,耐腐蚀性能越好;中间/最终退火过程形成的βZr会降低合金的耐腐蚀性能;腐蚀产物氧化膜由柱状晶和等轴晶组成,致密的柱状晶氧化膜比例越高,合金的耐腐蚀性能越好;当退火温度低于610°C时,柱状晶和等轴晶结合较为致密,当温度高于610°C时,两者结合强度较弱,同时柱状晶内部容易出现裂纹;建议采取低温退火(最终退火温度≤460°C)工艺以提高合金的耐腐蚀性能。     

形变热处理对屋面用Al-Mn合金板再结晶行为的影响

研究了预变形和中间退火对Al-Mn合金板显微组织和第二相析出行为的影响,并对比分析了传统无预变形和中间退火的Al-Mn合金板的组织特征。结果表明:400℃/1 h退火和20%冷变形后进行270℃等温退火,随着退火时间延长,合金中第二相含量有所增加、均匀性有所提升;当等温保温时间超过72 h后不会继续从固溶体中析出第二相,而是发生第二相的粗化和长大;随着最终退火温度的升高,未经过中间退火和预变形的Al-Mn合金发生了回复、部分再结晶和完全再结晶过程,且在退火温度高于320℃时可见再结晶晶核的存在;而经过中间退火和20%冷轧变形的试样,在最终退火过程中形成了在条带状晶粒中均匀分布的细小等轴晶粒,形成了细小等轴晶和粗大板条状晶粒共存的"双峰组织"。     

热处理工艺对高BsFe84B6P6C3Cu1纳米晶合金磁电性能的影响

以Fe₈₄B₆P₆C₃Cu₁非晶合金为基础,系统研究了热处理工艺参数对合金晶化行为、电阻率ρ以及软磁性能的影响规律。结果表明,当退火温度位于第一晶化峰开始温度T_x1和第二晶化峰开始温度T_x2之间时,α-Fe晶粒的形核速率随退火温度的升高而增大,晶粒尺寸随退火温度的升高而减小。α-Fe晶粒尺寸的细化和体积分数的增加有利于合金条带的矫顽力H_c降低,饱和磁通密度B_s和有效磁导率μ_e提高。ρ随退火温度的变化规律表明,结构弛豫退火会使合金ρ轻微下降,但是α-Fe晶粒的析出会使合金ρ快速降低,而Fe₃(B, P)化合物相的析出会导致合金ρ的再次快速增大。通过对合金条带在不同温度和时间退火后的软磁性能和显微结构研究发现,退火温度的升高会增大软磁性能对退火时间的敏感性,即缩短合金条带的最佳退火时间范围,合金在420、450和480℃的最长最佳退火时间分别为60、3...     

退火温度对新型锆合金薄板带材析出相和织构的影响

采用扫描电镜和超高分辨透射电镜,对具有良好冲制性能的新型锆合金薄板成品带材进行含晶粒、第二相粒子等在内的显微组织研究,并探索真空退火处理条件下温度对带材显微组织的影响。结果显示:新型锆合金薄板成品带材晶粒平均尺寸2.17 μm,存在{0001}<1010>和{0001}<1120>两种织构,大部分晶粒<1120>平行带材RD方向,较少晶粒<1010>平行带材RD方向;第二相粒子分布在晶粒内部及晶界,平均尺寸114 nm,尺寸较大的为不规则椭圆形的Zr-Nb-Fe相,尺寸较小的为圆形的β-Nb相;热处理退火温度降低,带材晶粒尺寸减小,第二相粒子细小弥散分布;新型锆合金薄板成品带材良好冲制性能主要源于轧制积累应变诱发再结晶过程进行充分,导致晶粒细小及孪晶发生破碎;相对轧制变形,退火对带材冲制性能影响不显著。     

3003冷轧板均匀化退火过程中的析出和再结晶

利用光学显微镜(OM)和数字电桥等手段,研究了均匀化退火温度对铸轧3003合金不同变形量冷轧板第二相粒子析出和再结晶晶粒大小的影响.结果表明,均匀化退火过程中,板料内部第二相粒子析出量在再结晶开始温度达到最大值.初生第二相粒子的大小对冷轧板再结晶有重要影响,随变形量增加,初生第二相粒子逐渐破碎,导致均匀化退火后板料晶粒尺寸随着变形量的增加而迅速增大.     

280VK冷轧高强钢退火过程的组织演变及析出机理

对热轧态280VK微合金高强钢经冷轧后取样,在不同温度下进行退火处理。对退火试样组织进行SEM、TEM、EBSD观察,以及析出物含量测定和力学性能测试分析,揭示退火工艺对冷轧高强钢组织结构、织构演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢经退火处理后,基体中产生大量TiC析出粒子;随着退火温度升高,基体晶粒度减小,析出粒子尺寸增大但数量减少,屈服强度、抗拉强度降低,伸长率升高。热力学计算表明,试验钢中析出相的优先级顺序为TiN＞AlN＞TiC,析出相以TiC为主。     

单晶高温合金再结晶的影响因素

研究变形量、退火温度及稀土Re元素对单晶高温合金再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:随变形量的增加,再结晶区域的面积和深度增加;低变形量下再结晶晶粒数量较少,高变形量下再结晶晶粒数量较多。退火温度影响γ’相溶解率,进而影响再结晶晶粒和晶界形貌,1270℃退火,再结晶晶粒呈枝晶状,晶界有少量M6C碳化物析出;1305℃退火,再结晶晶粒为等轴状,晶界上析出的碳化物尺寸较大、数量较多。随着Re含量的增加,合金的再结晶面积明显减小,Re元素具有抑制再结晶行为的作用。     

热处理工艺对Ti-230合金薄板组织和性能的影响

研究了不同退火温度和退火时间对Ti-230钛合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。测试了不同退火工艺条件下合金薄板的强度和塑性。用金相显微镜和透射电镜观察了微观组织和析出相粒子Ti2Cu的分布。实验结果表明,随着退火温度从650℃升至790℃(保温30min),合金板材的抗拉强度从541MPa升到580MPa,延伸率从27.5%降到26%。在给定790℃,保温时间分别为5,15,30min条件下退火,其强度和延伸率变化不是十分明显。从OM和TEM对组织的观察得出,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒度明显增大,晶粒等轴化程度增加,析出的Ti2Cu粒子随退火温度的升高和保温时间的延长明显减少。采用790℃,30min退火工艺,其晶粒尺寸,Ti2Cu粒子的分布及Cu在基体中的固溶度可以达到良好的匹配,使合金获得最佳的力学性能。     

Al-5Ti-B中间合金的热机械处理对铸造铝合金晶粒细化的强化作用(英文)

采用等温液相退火和塑性变形工艺制备含不同尺寸Al3Ti和TiB2粒子的Al-5Ti-B(质量分数,%)中间合金。结果表明:随着中间合金中Al3Ti和TiB2粒子尺寸的减小,合金的晶粒细化作用得到增强,但不适当地减小Al3Ti和TiB2的粒径可能导致这些颗粒作用减弱和结块,从而降低合金的晶粒细化效率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。