Technical parameters of drawing and coal-gangue field movements of a fully mechanized large mining height top coal caving working face

Under fully mechanized, large mining height top coal caving conditions, the shield beam slope angle of the support increases due to the enlargement of the top coal breaking and caving space. This results in a change of the caving window location and dimensions and, therefore, the granular coal-gangue movement and flows provide new characteristics during top coal caving. The main inferences we draw are as follows. Firstly, after shifting the supports, the caved top coal layer line and the coal gangue boundary line become steeper and are clearly larger than those under common mining heights. Secondly, during the top coal caving procedure, the speed of the coal-gangue flow increases and at the same drawing interval, the distance between the coal-gangue boundary line and the top beam end is reduced. Thirdly, affected by the drawing ratio, the slope angle of the shield beam and the dimensions of the caving window, it is easy to mix the gangue. A rational drawing interval will cause the coal-gangue boundary line to be slightly behind the down tail boom lower boundary. This rational drawing interval under conditions of large mining heights has been analyzed and determined.     

两硬综放面顶煤顶板冒放结构探讨

用深基点观测和理论分析的方法揭示坚硬顶板、坚硬煤层条件下综放开采顶煤顶板活动规律及其冒放结构，结论对生产有现实的指导意义。     

Development of 3D top coal caving angle model for fully mechanized extra-thick coal seam miningOA

During high-intensity, fully mechanized mining of extra-thick coal seam, the top coal would cave to a certain 3D form. Based on the data collected during drilling, a 3D model of top coal caving surface space was established to determine the relationship between the location of the stope roof and the caving surface,enabling the mathematical computation of the top caving angle(φ). The drilling method was employed to measure the top caving angle on two extra-thick fully mechanized coal caving faces...     

综采放顶煤放煤工艺的探讨

本文详细分析了煤层倾角及顶煤厚度对缓倾斜厚煤层综采放顶煤放煤工艺的影响,通过现场试验和模型实验对理论分析进行了验证,提出了合理放煤工艺及适合于放顶煤开采的煤层最小厚度的确定原则。     

Analysis of stability of support and surrounding rock in mining top coal of inclined coal seam

The study analyzes the characteristics of roof movement in mining top coal of inclined coal seam, and establishes the mechanical model of support and surrounding-rock stability in inclined coal seam. Besides, this study carries out the numerical calculation and field observation of roof movement and support stability, and provides the critical control measures. The results show that the fracture firstly appears in middle-upper roof and extends upwards in top coal caving in inclined coal seam; regular and irregular caving zones appear in middle-upper stress concentration region, and the asymmetric caving arch is finally formed. Support load of middle-upper working face is larger than that of the middle-lower face; dynamic load coefficient of upper support is large, and the load on the front of support is larger than that on the rear of it, which leads to poor support stability. Stability of support and surrounding-rock system depends mainly on upper-support stability.     

巨厚煤层冲击地压的防治研究

通过对义煤集团千秋煤矿有冲击倾向巨厚煤层冲击现象现状、特点及影响因素分析,结合该矿的生产实践,提出了适合该条件的冲击危险预测方法及相应解危措施,并进一步提出解危措施效果检验方法以及以上工作失败、冲击地压突发情况下的应急措施;在此基础上建立了适合义煤千秋矿巨厚煤层冲击地压防治的安全开采体系,成功地进行了巨厚煤层的综放开采,从而为有冲击倾向巨厚煤层的安全开采提供了成功范例.     

综采放顶煤与瓦斯突出的耦合关系研究

对煤与瓦斯突出发生的综合作用机理及治理技术进行总结,从宏观上提出治理煤与瓦斯突出的技术手段;分析总结我国综采放顶煤开采的技术成果,讨论了工作面应力分布规律和顶煤变形规律对突出的影响;认为:具突出危险性的厚煤层采用综采放顶煤开采法对消突是有积极作用的.     

结构复杂厚煤层综放开采相似模拟研究

以现场实测资料为基础,通过实验室相似模拟试验对含厚夹矸结构复杂厚煤层的综放开采对工作面含厚夹矸顶煤的冒放性、放煤工艺及放出规律、夹矸层极限厚度的确定等问题进行了研究,并指出了含夹矸顶煤活动规律对放顶煤开采的影响.     

Structure and deformation measurements of shallow overburden during top coal caving longwall mining

Mining induced pressures are strong and overburden failure areas are large in top coal caving longwall mining, which constrains high production and safety mining. By employing the combination of the full view borehole photography technique and the seismic CT scanner technique, the deformation and failure of overlying strata of fully mechanized caving face in shallow coal seam were studied and the failure development of overburden was determined. Results show that the full view borehole photography can reveal the characteristics of strata, and the seismic CT scanner can reflect the characteristics of strata between the boreholes. The combined measurement technique can effectively determine the height of fractured and caved zones. The top end of the caved zone in Yangwangou coal mine employing the top coal caving longwall mining was at the depth of 171 m and fractured zone was at the depth of 106-110 m. The results provide a theoretic foundation for controlling the overburden strata in the shallow buried top coal caving panel.     

Top coal flows in an excavation disturbed zone of high section top coal caving of an extremely steep and thick seam

Compared with gentle dip long-wall caving, the length of a working face in fully-mechanized top-coal caving for extremely steep and thick seams is short, while its horizontal section is high with increasing production. But the caving ratio is low, which might result in some disasters, such as roof falls, induced by local and large area collapse of the top coal in a working face and dangers induced by gas accumulation. After the development of cracks and weakening of the coal body, the tall, broken section of the top coal (a granular medium) of an extremely steep seam (over 60°) shows clear characteristics of nonlinear movement, We have thoroughly analyzed the geological environment and mining conditions of an excavation disturbed zone. Based on the results from a physical experiment of large-scale 3D modeling and coupling simulation of top coal-water-gas, we conclude that the weakened top coal can be regarded as a non-continuous medium. We used a particle flow code program to compare and analyze migration processes and the movements of a 30 m high section top coal over time before and after weakening of an extremely steep seam in the Weihuliang coal mine. The results of our simulation,experiment and monitoring show that pre-injection of water and pre-splitting blasting improve caving ability and symmetrical caving, relieve space for large area dynamic collapse of top coal, prolong migration time of noxious gases and release them from the mined out area and so achieve safety in mining.     

Stability of roof structure and its control in steeply inclined coal seams

To improve the effectiveness of control of surrounding rock and the stability of supports on longwall topcoal caving faces in steeply inclined coal seams, the stability of the roof structure and hydraulic supports was studied with physical simulation and theoretical analysis. The results show that roof strata in the vicinity of the tail gate subside extensively with small cutting height, while roof subsidence near the main gate is relatively assuasive. With increase of the mining space, the caving angle of the roof strata above the main gate increases. The characteristics of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the roof strata demonstrate that caved blocks rotate around the lower hinged point of the roof structure, which may lead to sliding instability. Large dip angle of the coal seam makes sliding instability of the roof structure easier.A three-hinged arch can be easily formed above both the tail and main gates in steeply inclined coal seams. With the growth in the dip angle, subsidence of the arch foot formed above the main gate decreases significantly, which reduces the probability of the roof structure becoming unstable as a result of large deformation, while the potential of the roof structure's sliding instability above the tail gate increases dramatically.     

Simulation of recovery of upper remnant coal pillar while mining the ultra-close lower panel using longwall top coal caving

With the depletion of easily minable coal seams, less favorable reserves under adverse conditions have to be mined out to meet the market demand. Due to some historical reasons, large amount of remnant coal was left unrecovered. One such case history occurred with the remnant rectangular stripe coal pillars using partial extraction method at Guandi Mine, Shanxi Province, China. The challenge that the coal mine was facing was that there is an ultra-close coal seam right under it with an only 0.8–1.5 m sandstone dirt band in between. The simulation study was carried out to investigate the simultaneous recovery of upper remnant coal pillars while mining the ultra-close lower panel using longwall top coal caving(LTCC). The remnant coal pillar was induced to cave in as top coal in LTCC system. Physical modelling shows that the coal pillars are the abutments of the stress arch structure formed within the overburden strata. The stability of overhanging roof strata highly depends on the stability of the remnant coal pillars. And the gob development(roof strata cave-in) is intermittent with the cave-in of these coal pillars and the sandstone dirt band. FLAC3 D numerical modelling shows that the multi-seam interaction has a significant influence on mining-induced stress environment for mining of lower panels. The pattern of the stress evolution on the coal pillars with the advance of the lower working face was found. It is demonstrated that the stress relief of a remnant coal pillar enhances the caveability of the pillars and sandstone dirt band below.     

木城涧煤矿异常条件下回采底分层空间模拟试验研究

通过对北京矿务局木城涧煤矿不具备常规条件下十槽煤底分层的相似材料模拟试验研究 ,证明了回采上分层时顶板冒落情况和矿压显现规律 ,初步探明了留与不留煤皮假顶情况下 ,回采下分层时顶板岩层二次失稳情况和矿压显现规律 ,为类似条件下开采底分层制定合理的回采方案、安全技术措施等提供重要的依据     

大倾角综放面防倒防滑防滚矸技术

基于永登集团丰阳煤矿12101综放工作面实际生产条件,采用理论分析与工程实际相结合的方法研究了工作面液压支架倒架、咬架及刮板输送机下滑的原因,分析了大块矸石滚落对工作面设备造成的冲击、卡塞等危害.采用伪斜推进、及时调整支架状态、"上拉下顶"防倒防滑、支架操作阀闭锁、端头支架锚固、及时支护、自上向下单向割煤、自下而上带压擦顶移架、控制采高等技术解决了支架的倒架、咬架和刮板输送机下滑问题;采用防滚矸钢网、全断面防滚矸装置、挡矸帘、柔性挡矸装置、加高挡煤板等技术解决了滚矸的危害.现场实践表明,该套技术保证了工作面的整体稳定性,为大倾角工作面安全生产提供了保障.     

Top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam

It is important to study the mining technology under structures for raising the coal resources recovery ratio. Based on the geological and mining conditions, the top coal caving harmonic mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was put forward and studied. The 5 factors such as the panel mining direction, panel size, panel location, panel mining sequence and panel advance velocity were taken into account in this technique. The dam movement and deformation were predicted after the thick coal seam mining and the effects of mining on the dam were studied. By setting up the surveying stations on the dam, the movement and deformation of the dam were observed during mining. By taking some protective measures on the dam, the top coal caving mining technique in thick coal seam beneath the earth dam was carried out successfully. The study demonstrates that harmonic mining in thick coal seam is feasible under the dam. The safety of the earth dam after mining was ensured and the coal resources recovery ratio was improved.     

综放开采顶煤体的连续损伤破坏分析

顶煤变形破坏规律是综合机械化放顶煤开采基础理论的核心。从顶煤体单元受力角度,在考虑围压衰减变化的情况下,对综放开采顶煤体的损伤破坏进行了理论分析,首次推导出综放开采过程中顶煤体受力单元的连续损伤破坏力学模型。分析结果用鹤壁煤岩的实验资料进行了对比验证,结果表明所建模型是可靠的。     

下分层综放工作面上覆岩层结构特征

我国综放开采技术是在分层综采技术的基础上发展起来的,对于一直采用分层综采的一些大型厚煤层生产矿井,面临着顶分层采后下分层综放开采技术问题,这个问题与一次采全厚整层综放开采矿压显现有所不同.下分层综放开采时,二次垮落的直接顶岩层碎胀系数较小,垮落带高度与采高的比值将增加,造成顶分层开采时下位老顶岩层垮落后转化为规则垮落带,成为下分层综放工作面的上位直接顶,促使下分层综放工作面的老顶“砌体梁”式平衡结构向更高层位岩层发展.上位直接顶岩块强度较高、块度较大,容易形成“岩-矸”半拱式平衡结构.该结构的周期性失稳和垮落,造成采场出现小的周期来压现象;而“砌体梁”平衡结构的周期性失稳和垮落,将导致采场出现大的周期来压现象.     

综放工作面采空区内“三带”范围的确定与分析

通过对阳泉三矿 1 5号煤层 80 60 6工作面的具体分析 ,确定了综放工作面采空区内的“三带”范围 ,为防治综放工作面自然发火提供了依据     

综放开采回采巷道喷射砼防火技术研究

根据煤层巷道自然发火的特点 ,研究了喷射砼在易自燃发火煤层综放开采回采巷道防火原理 ,并在现场进行了工业性试验 .实践证明 :喷射砼可以有效地预防巷道自燃火灾 ,这一技术在义马矿区得到了推广应用     

演马庄煤矿突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面防治煤与瓦斯突出的方法和措施

介绍了演马庄煤矿 2 70 2工作面突出煤层炮采放顶煤效果检验的方法和防止煤与瓦斯突出所采取的措施 ,提出突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面瓦斯抽放是防止煤与瓦斯突出的有效手段 ,当工作面有煤与瓦斯突出危险时 ,采取恰当的防突措施 ,能够降低煤与瓦斯突出的危险程度 ,可供同类工作面回采时借鉴