己二酰氯扩链合成端羟基聚乳酸

以乳酸和1,4-丁二醇为原料,氯化亚锡和对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,采用溶液与熔融相结合制备了端羟基聚乳酸,然后加入扩链剂己二酰氯(HDC)进行扩链反应,制备高相对分子质量的聚乳酸。采用FTIR、1HNMR和TGA等对其进行了表征。结果表明,扩链剂己二酰氯用量n(COCl)∶n(OH)=1∶1,缚酸剂吡啶(Py)用量n(Py)∶n(HDC)=4∶1,在160℃条件下反应45 min,扩链后产物的黏均相对分子质量为70 825,为扩链前的2.3倍。     

TDI扩链法制备高相对分子质量聚乳酸

采用左旋乳酸直接熔融缩聚制得的聚乳酸(PLA)预聚物,熔融后加1,4-丁二醇(BDO)进行酸醇缩合,再加入甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)进行扩链,研究了酸醇缩合和扩链反应的时间、扩链温度、扩链剂的用量等对PLA相对分子质量(Mη)的影响。结果表明:等摩尔PLA与BDO酸醇缩合2h,再按TDI与PLA预聚物摩尔比为1:1加入扩链剂TDI,在100Pa的真空条件下扩链10min,产物的Mη最为理想;PLA预聚物的Mη越低,扩链后Mη增长的倍数越高。     

己二酰氯扩链端羟基聚乳酸的研究

以乳酸和1,4-丁二醇为原料,氯化亚锡和对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,采用溶液与熔融相结合制备了端羟基聚乳酸,然后加入环保扩链剂己二酰氯(HDC)进行扩链反应,制备高相对分子质量的聚乳酸。采用IR、1HNMR和TGA等对其进行了表征。实验结果表明：扩链剂己二酰氯用量nCOCl: nOH=1:1,缚酸剂吡啶（Py）用量为nPy: nHDC=4:1,在160℃条件下反应45min,扩链后产物的粘均相对分子质量为70825,为扩链前的2.3倍。     

TDI扩链端羟基聚乳酸的研究

以1,4-丁二醇和乳酸在辛酸亚锡催化下,进行熔融缩聚反应,形成端羟基聚乳酸,再以2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)进行扩链反应,合成可溶性聚酯型聚氨酯共聚物。用粘均相对分子质量、红外光谱、XRD对产物进行表征。结果表明,在nNCO∶nOH=1.0∶1.0、170℃和0.096 MPa条件下反应30 min,可得到粘均相对分子质量为13.2万的扩链产物,为扩链前端羟基聚乳酸的6.3倍;XRD测试表明,扩链使结晶度由扩链前27.95%下降到扩链后6.94%。     

异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯溶液扩链合成聚乳酸类药物缓释剂

以外消旋乳酸(D,L-LA)直接熔融聚合得到的低相对分子质量聚外消旋乳酸(PDLLA)为原料,通过二异氰酸酯扩链合成了聚乳酸类药物缓释材料。当采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPD I)为扩链剂,反应在四氢呋喃溶液中进行时,扩链反应工艺条件为:扩链剂用量n(NCO)∶n(OH)=2∶1时,66℃下回流反应2 h,相对分子质量增加近2.92倍。与2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)扩链法相比,IPD I溶液扩链法不仅提高产物相对分子质量的效果非常接近,具有反应温和、条件易调控等优点,而且使所得聚乳酸类药物缓释材料具有较高的生理安全性。     

二元醇双琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠(GMI-02)的合成

采用1,4-丁二醇、马来酸酐、月桂醇为主要原料和环境友好的工艺路线,合成了一种易降解的双子(Gemini)表面活性剂--二元醇双琥珀酸双酯磺酸钠(GMI-02)。对各步合成条件采用正交实验进行优化,得出各步反应的优化工艺条件:酯化反应I,配比为n(1,4-丁二醇)∶n(马来酸酐)=1∶2.15,反应时间2h,催化剂w(乙酸钠)=1.0%,反应温度95℃,以丙酮作溶剂,回流操作;酯化反应Ⅱ,甲苯为溶剂,反应时间6h,反应温度145℃,催化剂w(对甲苯磺酸)=1.0%,n(1,4-丁二醇双马来酸单酯)∶n(月桂醇)=1∶2.20。磺化反应,石蜡加热,石蜡温度(加热温度)控制在115℃,时间为6h,原料配比为n(1,4-丁二醇双马来酸双酯)∶n(亚硫酸氢钠)=1∶2.50。对每步合成产物均用IR进行了表征。     

无溶剂耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的研制

以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯(PBA)为单体,1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为扩链剂,制备出了耐热性能较好、粘接强度较高的无溶剂耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂。采用单因素试验法优选出制备聚氨酯胶粘剂的相对最佳工艺条件,并对聚氨酯胶粘剂的相对分子质量、耐热性、粘接强度等进行了测试。结果表明,采用两步法制备无溶剂耐热聚氨酯胶粘剂的相对最佳工艺条件是:反应温度为70℃,预聚反应时间为2 h,扩链反应时间为30 min,初始热分解温度为307.87℃。     

二异氰酸酯扩链改性生物基共聚酯弹性体

以1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、丁二酸、癸二酸和衣康酸5种生物基单体为原料,合成了富端羟基生物基共聚酯弹性体(BPE)预聚物,然后以4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)为扩链剂制备扩链产物,考察了MDI用量、反应温度和反应时间对扩链反应的影响,并对扩链前后试样的结构和性能进行了对比。结果表明,当MDI的质量分数为1.2%、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为60 min时,扩链效果最佳。以30份(质量)白炭黑为增强填料对扩链前后的BPE进行加工交联,扩链后硫化试样的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率比扩链前分别提高了37.2%和57.0%。     

无溶剂聚氨酯热熔胶的制备及性能

以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯(PBA)为单体,1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为扩链剂,制备耐热性能好、粘接强度高的无溶剂聚氨酯热熔胶。采用单因素试验法优选出制备聚氨酯热熔胶的最佳工艺条件,并对聚氨酯热熔胶耐热性等进行了测试。结果表明:采用两步法制备无溶剂聚氨酯热熔胶的最佳工艺条件是反应温度为70℃、预聚反应时间为2 h、扩链反应时间为30 min;初始热分解温度达307.87℃。     

1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷的制备及应用

以1,4-丁二醇、多聚甲醛和干燥的氯化氢气体为原料,合成了氯甲基化试剂1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷(BCMB),并对白球进行氯甲基化。并采用红外光谱对它们的结构进行了表征。研究了物料配比,溶剂用量,反应温度及反应时间对标题化合物收率的影响。通过正交实验得优化工艺条件为n(1,4-丁二醇)∶n(多聚甲醛)=1∶2,溶剂40 mL,温度6～10℃,反应时间9 h。此条件下,标题化合物收率达到86.73%。     

Lactic acid based poly(ester-urethanes): Use of hydroxyl terminated prepolymer in urethane synthesis

We studied a two step process for lactic acid polymerization: in the first step, the lactic acid is condensation polymerized to a low molecular weight hydroxyl terminated prepolymer and then the molecular weight is raised by joining prepolymer chains together using diisocyanate as the chain extender. The resulting polymer is a thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane). The polymer samples were carefully characterized with ¹³C-NMR, GPC, DSC, and IR. The results indicate that high conversions of lactic acid can be achieved, as well as independent control of the stereostructure, long chain branches, molecular weight average, and molecular weight distribution. Lactic acid is converted into a poly(ester-urethane) with a weight average molecular weight as high as 390,000 g/mol and a glass transition temperature of 53.7°C. The analyzed content of the monomer in the prepolymer is less than 1 mol % and the lactide content 2.4 mol %, while the final poly(ester-urethane) is essentially monomer and lactide free. The mechanical properties of the poly(ester-urethane) are comparable to those of polylactides. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1091–1100, 1997     

Effect of structure modification on rheological properties of biodegradable poly(ester‐urethane)

Biodegradable lactic acid based poly(ester‐urethanes) (PEU) were polymerized and their structure and rheological properties were characterized. The polymerization process comprised two steps: lactic acid monomer was oligomerized to low molecular weight prepolymer, and this was then linked to high molecular weight PEU with chain extender, 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate. The properties of PEU were modified by varying the amount of chain extender from 1.05:1 to 1.35:1 (NCO/OH ratio). The modification was mostly seen in the molecular weight distribution of the polymers, which was broadened from 2.2 to 3.5 as the amount of chain extender was increased. The telechelicity of the prepolymer was found to play an essential role in successful linking of the prepolymer units. In addition, the rheological properties of poly(ester‐urethane) were determined with capillary and dynamic rheometers. All PEU samples were pseudoplastic and broadening of their molecular weight distribution was accompanied by increased viscosity and complex viscosity at low shear rates and increased shear thinning. The temperature dependency of the measurement was pronounced. Rheological measurements also showed that PEU starts to degrade at 100°C and further rise in temperature increases the rate of degradation significantly.     

丙烯酸松香环氧树脂预聚体的合成与性能研究

通过丙烯酸松香与丁二醇二缩水甘油醚酯化反应合成了环氧树脂预聚体。探讨了反应温度、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响,得到了最佳反应条件:三乙胺质量分数0.03%(以丙烯酸松香质量计),反应温度130℃,反应时间5 h。预聚体的环氧值0.19 mol/100 g,黏度15.7 Pa.s(36℃),酸值(KOH)0.6 mg/g。采用DSC结合FT-IR研究了固化物性能,结果表明,以甲基六氢苯酐(MeHHPA)为固化剂,m(预聚体):m(MeHHPA)=10∶8,固化条件为100℃/2 h+170℃/5 h时,固化物的Tg最高,为37.2℃。     

水性聚氨酯热熔胶的制备及性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯(PBA)、聚环氧丙烷醚三醇(PPO)为主要单体,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为羧基单体,1,4-丁二醇为扩链剂合成了聚氨酯预聚体,并以三乙胺为中和剂,进一步制备了阴离子水性聚氨酯乳液。考察了交联单体PPO含量对乳液及胶膜性能的影响。结果表明,n(PBA)∶n(PPO)=9∶1时,乳液稳定性好,聚氨酯膜的拉伸强度为44.18 MPa,断裂伸长率为742.94%,其热分解温度为239℃,对皮革的黏接强度高于皮革的内聚强度,对不锈钢的黏接剪切强度为14.76 MPa。     

Synthesis and chain extension of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(lactic acid) oligomers and application in the blends

Hydroxyl‐terminated poly(lactic acid) prepolymer (LA prepolymer) were prepared via L ‐lactic acid as monomer, 1,4‐butanediol as blocking agent and Sn(II) octoate as catalyst by direct melt polymerization. Then the LA prepolymer was blended with starch followed by in situ chain extending reaction using different content of TDI as chain extender, producing the high molecular weight of poly(ester urethane) in the blends. The LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends were characterized by GPC, ¹H‐NMR, SEM, DSC, tensile strength testing, and water resistance. The SEM results of cross‐section show that, compared with the simple PLA/starch blends, almost the starch granules were completely covered by ploy(ester urethane) in the LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends system. In comparison to the simple PLA/starch blends, the mechanical properties of LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends were increased, such as tensile strength increasing from 18.6 ± 3.8 to 44.2 ± 6.2 Mpa, tensile modulus increasing from 510 ± 62 to 1,850 ± 125 Mpa and elongation at break increasing from 1.8 ± 0.4 to 4.0 ± 0.5 %, respectively. This is attributed to high weight of poly (ester urethane) was formed via in situ reaction of the end of hydroxyl (LA prepolymer) and isocyanate groups and the starch granules were easily covered by ploy(ether urethane) via in situ polymerization in the blends. Moreover, covalent linkage was formed between the two phases interfaces. As a result, the interfacial adhesion was enhance and improved the mechanical property. In addition, the water resistance of LA prepolymer/starch‐TDI blends was much better that of the simple PLA/starch blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013 © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

L-乳酸低聚物的异氰酸酯扩链反应工艺研究

采用直接熔融缩聚法制备L-乳酸低聚物。在氮气氛围下,使用六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)作扩链剂,研究了反应时间、温度、反应官能团配比、低聚物粘均相对分子质量(Mη)等对扩链反应的影响,对扩链产物进行了红外光谱表征及差示扫描量热分析。结果表明:HDI和MDI对L-乳酸低聚物均有较好的扩链效果,扩链反应规律基本相同;HDI的扩链效果优于MDI,扩链反应速率快,扩链时间短,扩链产物Mη高、熔点高、热性能好;较佳扩链反应工艺参数:nNOC∶nOH为1:1,反应温度165℃,HDI扩链时间20 min、MDI扩链时间30 min,L-乳酸低聚物M越高,扩链产物M越高。     

Lactic acid based poly(ester-urethane)s: The effects of different polymerization conditions on the polymer structure and properties

A two-step process for lactic acid polymerization is studied: in the first step the lactic acid is condensation-polymerized to a low-molecular-weight hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer; and then the molecular weight is raised by joining prepolymer chains together using diisocyanate as the chain extender. The resulting polymer is a thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane). In this study, we synthesized three different prepolymers and used three different diisocyanates as chain extenders. All of the prepolymers were hydroxyl-terminated, and their weight average molecular weights were 5,500 g/mol, 11,900 g/mol, and 26,000 g/mol. One of the diisocyanates was aliphatic, and the other two were stiff cycloaliphatic diisocyanates. The results indicate that of the tested diisocyanates, high weight average molecular weight can be achieved only by using aliphatic 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. The cycloaliphatic diisocyanates produced poly(ester-urethane)s with weight average molecular weights which were quite low, but due to the stiffness of the polymer chains the glass transition temperatures can be as high as 60°C. The 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) results also indicate that the molecular weight and network formation can be controlled independently by the amount of diisocyanate used and the polymerization conditions. Only the poly(ester-urethane)s which were produced with HDI had good mechanical properties, while the stiff diisocyanates produced very brittle polymers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 865–873, 1997     

PBA/MDI体系聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的研究

采用二步法以聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)、4,4-′二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和二元醇1,4-丁二醇(BDO)或混合扩链剂(二元醇和三元醇)合成了聚氨酯(PU)弹性体。研究了软段相对分子质量、预聚体-NCO质量分数和扩链剂对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:PBA相对分子质量大,PU断裂伸长率和冲击弹性好;PU硬度、撕裂强度和模量随预聚体-NCO相对质量分数增加而增加;弹性体的交联密度过高,硬度和撕裂强度下降。