热处理工艺对机床用耐磨铜合金性能的影响

采用不同的工艺参数对Cu-Al-Fe-Ce机床用耐磨铜合金的进行了热处理,研究了固溶温度和时效温度对合金力学性能、耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随固溶温度从750℃增至850℃或时效温度从150℃增至350℃,合金的力学性能和耐磨损性能均先提高后下降。优化的合金固溶温度为820℃,时效温度为300℃。与750℃固溶处理相比,820℃固溶时合金磨损体积减小110%。     

轻质机械活塞材料的成分及热处理工艺优化

采用不同含量的Si和V制备了轻质机械活塞用铸态Al-Si-4.5Cu-V合金,对成分优化后的Al-12Si-4.5Cu-1.5V合金试样进行了不同温度固溶和时效热处理,并进行了试样的高温耐磨损性能测试与分析。结果表明,随Si含量从6%增大到14%或者随V从0增大到2%,铸态Al-Si-4.5Cu-V合金试样的耐磨损性能先提高后下降。Si和V含量分别优选为12%、1.5%。在试验条件下,随固溶温度从480℃增大到530℃或时效温度从160℃增大到200℃,热处理的Al-12Si-4.5Cu-1.5V合金试样的耐磨损性能先提高后下降。固溶温度和时效温度分别优选为530、180℃。     

汽车空调新型铝合金的热处理工艺优化

采用不同的固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间对汽车空调新型铝合金Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ti-In进行了热处理,并进行了试样拉伸性能和耐磨损性能的测试与分析。结果表明:在试验条件下,随固溶温度从500℃增加到530℃,固溶时间从4 h增加到12 h,时效温度从160℃提高到190℃,或时效时间从5 h提高到9 h,该合金的抗拉强度均先增大后减小,磨损体积先减小后增大,拉伸性能和耐磨损性能均先提高后下降。合金的固溶温度、固溶时间和时效温度、时效时间分别优选为525℃、10 h和185℃、8 h。     

固溶温度对Al-Mg-Si-Sr新型汽车铝合金高温性能的影响

采用不同的固溶温度对Al-Mg-Si-Sr新型铝合金进行了固溶热处理,并进行了合金350℃高温拉伸性能和高温磨损性能的测试与分析。结果表明:随固溶温度从440℃逐步增加到540℃时,合金的高温拉伸性能和高温磨损性能均先提高后下降;合金的固溶温度优选为520℃。与440℃固溶相比,当采用520℃固溶时,Al-Mg-Si-Sr新型铝合金的高温抗拉强度提高了52%,高温屈服强度提高了79%,高温磨损体积减小了58%。     

热处理影响Zr-4合金耐疖状腐蚀性能的机制

采用500℃，10．3MPa过热蒸汽腐蚀方法，研究了热处理对Zr-4合金耐疖状腐蚀性能的影响。试样经过600，820和1000℃不同热处理后，耐疖状腐蚀性能明显不同。提高Fe，Cr合金元素在α-Zr中过饱和固溶含量，可以明显改善耐疖状腐蚀性能，第二相的大小不是决定的因素。用高分辨扫描电镜观察了氧化膜的内表面形貌和断口形貌，研究了耐疖状腐蚀性能与氧化膜显微组织之间的关系。从疖状腐蚀斑的成核与长大，热处理会引起Fe和Cr合金元素在α-Zr中过饱和固溶含量的变化，以及从氧化膜生长的各向异性与α-Zr中合金元素过饱和固溶含量的关系出发，讨论了热处理影响耐疖状腐蚀性能的机制。     

热处理对定向镍基高温合金DZ951γ′相的影响

采用光学显微镜和SEM研究了热处理对定向镍基高温合金DZ951组织的影响。结果表明：选择合适的热处理工艺，能使铸态合金中较大的错配度减小甚至消失。固溶温度越高，γ′相的尺寸越大。在1200℃其以上温度固溶处理时，γ′才能完全固溶于基体。固溶温度相同时，随着保温时间的延长，γ′相的尺寸增大。在1220℃固溶后进行时效处理，随着时效温度的升高，析出γ′相的尺寸增大。时效温度越高，γ′相的长大趋势越明显。合金经固溶处理和二级时效处理后，可获得两种尺寸的γ′相。     

固溶时效热处理对A286合金组织演变规律的影响

对A286铁基高温合金进行固溶温度+时效两段式热处理工艺优化研究。采用固溶热处理制度为930~1020℃/4 h/WC,固溶时间为0~4 h。合金时效研究采用640~790℃/4 h/AC热处理;在时效温度730℃条件下,研究0~16 h时效时间对合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度上升和时间延长,合金晶粒尺寸有一定程度长大,但硬度逐渐下降;随着时效温度提高及时间延长,合金的硬度先升高而后降低;在固溶热处理过程中,合金随着固溶处理温度提高及时间的延长,γ'相回溶入基体;当固溶后的时效温度提高至700℃才析出γ'强化相;随着时效时间延长,析出的γ'强化相发生粗化;合金时效γ'强化相粗化过程符合Ostwald熟化长大规律,计算值与实际值相关系数大于97%;同时,确定了最佳的热处理工艺制度。     

高速电弧喷涂FeAICr／Ni包Cr3C2涂层高温性能

用高速电弧喷涂技术制备了FeAlcr／Ni包Cr3C2涂层，并对涂层的耐高温冲蚀性能、高温腐蚀性能和高温磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明，与基体比较涂层具有良好的耐高温冲蚀性能，并随温度的升高和冲击角度增大，耐冲蚀性能提高；良好的高温抗腐蚀性能，随温度升高，腐蚀率略有上升；优异的常温耐磨损性能，超过550℃的耐磨损性能高。     

热处理工艺对含Er压铸Al-Si-Mg合金组织及性能的影响

以含Er的压铸Al-Si-Mg合金为研究对象,通过拉伸性能测试、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)及透射电镜(TEM)分析及定量统计,分析研究了不同固溶、时效工艺对合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:双级固溶有利于一次相回溶至基体,使合金的塑性提高;固溶温度、时间的提高能够增加固溶到基体中的溶质原子和一次相的数量。Al-Si-Mg合金峰时效时,主要的强化相为β″、β′相,β′相主要表现为长条状及“T”字形。当热处理工艺为(280 ℃×3 h+530 ℃×3 h)固溶+170 ℃×3 h时效时,合金的伸长率达8.5%,具有高塑性; 热处理工艺为(280 ℃×3 h+540 ℃×10 h)固溶+170 ℃×10 h时效时,合金的抗拉强度为344 MPa,屈服强度为312 MPa,合金具有高强度。     

固溶温度对新型铜基模具材料性能的影响

采用6种不同温度对Cu-Al-Mn-Sr-In新型铜基模具材料试样进行了固溶处理,并测试了热疲劳性能和不同环境下的耐磨损性能。结果表明:随固溶温度从825℃升高至950℃,材料的耐磨损性能和热疲劳性能均先提高后下降,固溶温度优选为900℃。与825℃固溶相比,900℃固溶时材料的磨损体积减小81.4%,热疲劳裂纹级别从11级变为2级。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.