蜂窝状多孔316 L不锈钢的选区激光熔化制备

对含预合金316L不锈钢和NH4HCO3(质量比96:4)的混合粉末进行选区激光熔化,制备多孔材料的实验研究。利用扫描电镜分析试样的微观孔隙特征。结果表明,在较高激光功率(800 W)条件下,可形成蜂窝状的多孔结构,孔径分布均匀(2~5 μm),平均孔径约3.5 μm。分析激光功率对多孔结构特征的影响,讨论选区激光熔化蜂窝状多孔结构的形成机制     

固溶及双时效处理对增材制造316L不锈钢组织性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化技术制备了316L不锈钢,并对其进行了固溶及双时效处理,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子万能试验机和显微硬度仪等研究了316L不锈钢热处理后的组织和性能.结果 表明:选区激光熔化成形的316L不锈钢试样的相邻熔池搭接紧密,搭接边界清晰,微观组织主要是生长方向各异的胞状晶;经固溶及双时效处理后,316L...     

激光选区融化成形多孔硬骨支架的建模、仿真及实验研究

金属3D打印技术成为当前最具有发展潜力和发展前景的工业制造技术之一,通过SLM激光选区烧结技术,选取合理的烧结参数,将金属粉末烧结成型。建立了不同孔径的多孔支架复杂三维模型,并通过有限元分析进行应力、应变的模拟分析,获得了优化后的多孔支架三维模型,为后续的实验研究分析建立理论基础,然后通过SLM烧结技术制备316L不锈钢多孔支架,通过后期热处理实验、压缩试验、金相实验,对多孔试样进行力学性能分析、硬度测试以及表面微观组织分析。通过模拟分析获得优化后的多孔支架孔径尺寸,获得了更适于人体骨骼缺损部位承重的多孔支架,可对后续研究进行指导。实验研究发现300μm孔径支架强度和弹性模量都高于天然骨,而成形多孔结构的金属件保证了骨骼修复体的生物力学性能,具有良好的力学性能。     

空间网格状多孔316不锈钢的选区激光熔化制备

制备出尺寸可控的空间网状金属多孔材料,对所制备的多孔材料进行组织分析.分析试样的微观结构,并讨论选区激光熔化多孔金属材料的成形机制及工艺参数对多孔结构特征的影响规律.结果表明:通过CAD制图确定扫描路径图,确定了骨架每根梁之间的扫描间距,决定了金属多孔材料的孔隙大小、孔隙形状及分布.制备出试件的每片薄壁、方孔分布均匀,孔隙大小统一且形状规则.骨架连接结点紧密,骨架的组织严密无开裂和弯曲现象.选区激光熔化制备空间网格状多孔材料骨架的形成机理分为颗粒表面局部熔化、形成金属熔池和粉末粘接三个阶段.     

选区激光熔化316L不锈钢的拉伸性能

对选区激光熔化(selective laser melting,SLM) 316L不锈钢的拉伸性能及断裂机制进行了研究,并对拉伸断裂后的试样进行显微组织表征与分析,探究了拉伸变形过程中微观组织的演化规律。结果表明:采用选区激光熔化技术制备的316L不锈钢具有较好的强塑性匹配,其中晶粒内部纳米尺度胞状结构有助于强度的提升;其拉伸性能明显优于传统手段制备的316L不锈钢。选区激光熔化316L不锈钢在拉伸过程中奥氏体晶粒内部产生形变孪晶,并且形变孪晶的出现存在取向相关,在取向接近001的晶粒中不易出现,而在取向接近110-111的晶粒中较易出现。     

基于选区激光烧结（SLS）技术成形多孔金属材料的工艺研究

本文基于选区激光烧结技术对多孔金属材料的成型工艺进行了研究，分析了多孔金属的孔隙成形机理，确定了工艺参数对孔隙率的影响规律，为多孔金属材料的仿生制造研究提供可靠依据。     

选区激光熔化成形316L不锈钢多孔结构及力学性能

基于选区激光熔化技术(SLM),制备了BCC、FCC、FCCZ 3种不同拓扑单元的316L不锈钢多孔结构,验证了该技术成形复杂多孔结构件的可行性。对试样进行了准静态压缩试验,得到了多孔结构在压缩过程中的变形模式和力学响应曲线,对比分析了3种结构试样的力学性能。结果表明,FCCZ型多孔结构的抗压性能和能量吸收特性均优于BCC型和FCC型结构;利用ABAQUS/Explicit软件进行准静态压缩仿真,仿真结果和试验结果基本符合。     

激光功率对激光选区熔化316L不锈钢微观形貌和性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)技术制备316L不锈钢试样。通过单因素实验的方法,研究了激光功率对SLM成形316L不锈钢试样微观组织、致密度、显微硬度和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:SLM成形316L不锈钢试样组织主要由奥氏体组成,且存在少量的铁素体。当激光功率为160 W时,SLM成形316L不锈钢试样微观组织主要为胞状晶且分布均匀,显微硬度和致密度均达到最大值386.2 HV和95.96%,粗糙度达到最小值11.7μm,成形效果最佳。     

藕状多孔铜的连铸法制备工艺研究

连铸法是一种制备具有均匀孔洞分布的大尺寸藕状多孔材料的新工艺.利用自行开发的GASAR连铸装置,成功拉制出了15 mm的藕状多孔Cu连铸试样,并研究了下拉速率对孔隙率及气孔直径的影响.结果表明:随着下拉速率的增加,连铸试样中气孔尺寸分布逐渐变均匀;下拉速率对孔隙率的影响不大,而气孔直径随下拉速率的增加而降低.     

激光选区熔化316L不锈钢的组织与性能

使用自行制备的316L气雾化粉末和选区激光熔化设备,制备了316L不锈钢试样,并获得了优化工艺参数。结果表明,扫描间距对试样的致密度和性能有明显影响。在激光功率280 W、扫描速度950 mm/s、扫描间距0.1 mm时,能实现致密316L不锈钢的打印成形,获得的试样抗拉强度达到636.1 MPa,伸长率达39.5%,无缺口冲击值达172.0 J。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。