等强度梁式压电振动能量收集器特性研究

为了提高微型悬臂梁式压电振动能量收集器的压电材料利用率,增强其能量转换效率,基于等强度梁理论设计了一种微型压电式振动能量收集器.分析了该能量收集器的力学特性及机电耦合特性,并且与等截面悬臂梁式振动能量收集器进行了对比.研究结果表明:微型等强度梁式压电振动能量收集器的固有频率低、表面应力分布合理、压电材料利用率高、能量输出密度大,其性能明显优于等截面梁式压电振动能量收集器.     

悬臂梁式压电双晶片振动能量采集器的模型与实验研究

针对悬臂梁式双压电晶片振动能量采集器的质量效应问题,通过幅值修正方法建立了能量采集器的集总参数修正模型,利用阻抗分析和导纳圆法对模型参数进行了识别,得到了采集器在简谐基础激励作用下的机电耦合输出传递函数表达式;建立了悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器的实验系统,实验与仿真分析了悬臂梁末端质量、负载电阻等对能量采集器输出特性的影响,结果表明理论仿真结果与实验结果具有很好的吻合度,证明本文模型有利于提高压电振动能量采集器输出性能的分析预测精度。     

磁场耦合双梁压电振动俘能器响应特性研究

环境振动能量收集有望解决微功耗无线传感器节点的供电问题。针对典型压电式振动俘能器多为线性谐振系统,工作频带窄,难以适配实际振源的问题,引入外加磁场,研究双梁—永磁体结构的能量收集器的振动特性,利用磁偶极子理论建立了磁力模型并引入动力学方程中,建立系统集中参数动力学模型,仿真分析了系统关键参数对响应的影响规律,最后搭建实验平台进行了验证。研究结果表明:双梁压电俘能器在耦合磁场作用下俘能效率相对无磁力时大幅提高,在磁间距为26 mm时俘能范围拓宽3倍,电压输出显著提高。     

压电智能结构的主动控制及压电执行器布局优化

本文对压电梁、板结构振动主动控制进行了研究,分别建立了压电悬臂梁的耦合动力学方程以及Kirchhoff假设下矩形压电薄板的耦合动力学方程,通过采用独立模态空间控制法,实现了对压电智能结构前两阶模态的主动振动控制.为提高主动控制的抑振效果,通过仿真实例分析了压电执行器在梁上的不同布局对于主动控制抑振效果的影响,得到了压电执行器粘附于悬臂梁上的最佳布局.最后实验验证了压电悬臂梁在自由振动以及模态共振下压电执行器对于悬臂梁响应控制的可行性和有效性.     

三稳态压电振动能量采集器的动力学建模、仿真与实验研究

为探究磁－机－压电耦合型三稳态压电能量采集器的非线性动力学行为,利用磁偶极子点荷方法计算得到了能量采集器末端受到的非线性磁力,基于欧拉－伯努利梁理论和拉格朗日方程建立了三稳态压电振动能量采集器的分布参数机电耦合动力学模型,仿真分析了系统参数(d、dg)对能量采集器的势能、磁力以及非线性动力学输出特性的影响,研制了磁－机－压电耦合型三稳态振动能量采集器原理样机,搭建了样机实验平台,实验验证了理论模型与仿真结果的正确性。研究结果表明:适当调整d后和dg可使压电振动能量采集器分别作单稳态、双稳态和三稳态运动,其中三稳态运动存在3个势能阱,势能阱的深度和宽度均小于双稳态压电振动能量采集器的势能阱深度和宽度,这有利于提升振动能量采集器的工作频带和采集输出效率。     

基于弹性支撑与放大的宽频压电振动能量采集器模型与实验研究

针对刚性支撑压电振动能量采集器工作频带窄、采集效率低等问题,提出了一种基于弹性支撑与放大的宽频压电振动能量采集器.利用有限元方法建立了宽频压电振动能量采集器的机电耦合模型,通过Ansys软件仿真分析了能量采集器结构参数对其频域输出特性的影响;根据力学和电学平衡方法建立了宽频压电振动能量采集器的集总参数机电耦合运动微分方程,利用4-5阶龙格库塔算法对方程进行了时域求解,仿真分析了能量采集器在不同结构参数下的振动位移、速度、输出电压和功率等性能.研制了弹性支撑和放大的宽频压电振动能量采集器原理样机,建立了样机系统实验平台,并对理论研究结果进行了实验验证,结果表明本文所提的宽频压电振动能量采集器具有工作频带宽、输出性能高等优点,适合为微电子器件进行供电.     

可伸缩挠性结构的稳定性研究

本文研究一类可伸缩挠性梁结构的稳定性，主要结论有：一般可伸缩挠性梁结构的动力学可由耦合了刚性的姿态运动，挠性体的振动和梁的伸缩运动的混合偏微分方程和常微分方程描述；结构振动与转动能量的耗散与积聚取决于梁的伸缩运动，在伸展过程系统的能量被耗散，在收缩过程系统能量被积聚；在平台保持过程系统能量维持不变；因此，梁的伸展过程是稳定的，梁的收缩是不稳定的，而梁的平台保持过程是临界稳定的。     

一种新型压电俘能器的振动特性分析及性能研究

基于压电效应设计了一种包含屈曲梁、质量块和非线性弹簧的新型压电俘能器结构,并对其进行了振动响应分析.首先基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,利用Hamilton原理建立了压电俘能器结构的非线性动力学方程,通过Galerkin离散后数值分析了结构参数对系统一阶固有频率的影响;进一步利用多尺度法对系统进行摄动分析,研究了系统的稳态幅频特性,数值分析了各系数对幅频响应曲线的影响,结果表明该结构在简谐激励作用下会存在多种跳跃现象;最后数值分析了压电俘能器的发电性能,讨论了激励幅值和初始静挠度对发电电压的影响.     

复合式压电振动能量收集器的研究

为解决无线传感器网络和便携式电子产品的自供能问题,研究了基于电磁耦合的压电悬臂梁式振动能量收集器.理论分析表明,通过增加压电悬臂梁的所受外力,可以按平方关系提高其产生的发电量.即采用PZT4压电元件及铍青铜作为金属基板,以固定于基板末端的永磁铁作为质量块制作了基于电磁耦合的悬臂梁式压电振动能量收集器.实验表明,压电悬臂梁附加永磁铁后其最大输出电压增加了222％,压电悬臂梁在磁场强度分别为0T与1T的作用力下,电压值的增幅分别为0.38％和2.12％.     

三稳态压电振动能量采集器的非对称势能阱产生机理及其动力学特性研究

为了揭示三稳态压电振动能量采集器非对称势能阱的产生机理及其对采集器动力学特性的影响机制,考虑采集器压电悬臂梁大扰度几何非线性和末端磁铁重力效应,利用能量法和Hamilton原理建立了三稳态压电振动能量采集器的非线性动力学模型.仿真研究了几何非线性和磁铁重力对系统静态解分岔、势能阱特性及其动力学响应特性的影响规律,结果表明几何非线性和磁铁重力使压电振动能量采集器产生附加的三阶和五阶非线性刚度及重力势能,导致非对称势能阱的产生.非对称势能阱不仅有利于提高三稳态压电振动能量采集器的有效工作频带和能量转换效率,还可以降低采集器对环境振动强度的要求使其在较低激励加速度下可以进入高能轨道运动.实验验证了理论仿真结果的正确性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。