靶材用钨铜复合材料的制备工艺

在真空条件下,采用高温烧结钨骨架后渗铜工艺制备靶材用钨铜复合材料,研究烧结温度对钨坯及钨铜复合材料组织与性能的影响.结果表明:随着烧结温度的提高,钨颗粒间逐渐由点接触扩大为面接触,烧结颈逐渐长大,同时孔隙不断缩小并趋于球形,钨骨架和钨铜复合材料相对密度及硬度不断增加,而钨铜复合材料的电导率不断下降.当烧结温度为1950 ℃时,钨骨架和钨铜复合材料的相对密度分别达到74.8%和96.9%的最高值;钨铜复合材料的硬度(HB)达最大值2520 MPa,而电导率则降低到36.6IACS%,其中氧含量仅为4×10-6,氮含量为3×10-6.     

钼粉表面化学镀铜复合粉末烧结致密化

对化学镀法制备铜包钼的钼铜复合粉体的烧结致密化特点进行了研究,讨论了化学镀法制备钼铜复合粉的成形性,分析了化学镀铜钼粉的预处理、烧结温度、保温时间及复压复烧工艺对致密化的影响.结果表明,化学镀法制备钼铜复合粉成形性好,生坯相对密度可达到87%.在优化各影响因素的情况下,Mo/28Cu采用常规粉末冶金工艺得到了相对密度达97%的钼铜复合材料,钼铜复合材料具有典型的网络状结构,复合材料内部基本无孔洞,铜相分布均匀.     

化学共沉淀法制备钨铜合金

首先采用化学共沉淀法制备钨铜复合氧化物粉末,再用氢还原得到纳米级钨铜复合粉末,经成形和烧结得到超细弥散分布钨铜合金.研究结果表明,采用化学共沉淀法结合氢还原工艺制备的W-20%Cu纳米复合粉,W颗粒粒度为30～50 nm,形状呈多边形,Cu相均匀分布在W相之间将W颗粒粘结.所制得的钨铜复合粉表现出高的烧结活性,经1250℃烧结其相对密度达到99.7%,热导率达到223.1 W/m·K,导电性、抗弯强度以及硬度等性能也比传统产品有大幅度提高.     

电子封接用钼铜材料的制备

通过扫描电镜、透射电镜及X射线衍射等对Mo-Cu复合粉末的粉末形貌、合金化程度及烧结后合金组织结构进行分析,研究了高能球磨后Mo-Cu材料的显微组织及其与陶瓷热膨胀性能匹配的关系。结果表明,采用高能球磨机械合金化和氢气气氛烧结工艺制备的Mo-Cu复合材料,相对密度在98%以上,在室温至700℃热膨胀系数与陶瓷差值在8%。     

机械球磨对TiC/W复合材料组织性能的影响

采用机械高能球磨法制备出TiC/W纳米晶复合粉体,复合粉体经压制并在1823K烧结制备得到TiC/W复合材料.研究了机械球磨对TiC/W复合材料组织结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明,球磨后的烧结组织均匀致密,没有缝隙和空洞出现.机械球磨能够降低烧结温度,提高块体致密度和室温抗弯强度;抗弯断口形貌在球磨后逐渐变平整,断裂形貌由沿晶断裂转变为穿晶断裂.     

球磨时间对粉末冶金制备Ti35Nb2.5Sn/10HA生物复合材料微观组织的影响(英文)

采用高能机械球磨和脉冲电流活化烧结方法制备了一种新型的β-钛合金基体的Ti35Nb2.5Sn/10HA生物复合材料。研究了机械球磨不同时间的Ti35Nb2.5Sn10HA粉体以及烧结样品的微观组织。结果表明:经机械球磨8h后,粉体中的α-钛开始向β-钛转化。当球磨时间达到12h时,球磨粉体中的α-钛相完全转化为β-钛相,而且得到超细尺寸的复合粉体。用球磨12h的粉末烧结制备的复合材料具有超细晶粒结构,烧结得到的复合材料的硬度和相对密度都随着球磨时间的延长而增加。     

机械合金化对W-20Cu复合材料的显微组织与性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备W-20Cu(vol%)复合材料.利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对不同球磨时间的W-20Cu复合材料显微组织进行表征,并对材料的各项物理性能进行测试.结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,W-20Cu烧结体的组织越来越均匀,Cu相分布也越来越均匀.W-20Cu烧结体密度、收缩率、硬度、抗弯强度随球磨时间的延长而增大;球磨20h的W-20Cu复合粉烧结体热导率达到峰值(130.61 Wm-1K-1),继续球磨,热导率减小.综合考虑所有研究结果,通过机械合金化所制备的W-Cu复合粉体可以获得具有优异综合物理性能的W-20Cu复合材料.     

高密度纯钨的低温活化烧结工艺及其致密化行为

采用溶胶喷雾干燥-煅烧-氢热还原法制备了BET粒径为0.21μm的超细纯钨粉末,并利用球磨处理进一步活化粉末。研究了超细纯钨粉末形貌及其性能随球磨时间的变化特征,探索了未球磨、球磨5h及球磨10h3种超细纯钨粉末烧结致密工艺,此外还详细研究了纯钨烧结体组织形貌、晶粒尺寸及显微硬度等性能随烧结温度及球磨时间的变化规律。结果表明,球磨处理对超细纯钨粉末的烧结起到了极大的活化作用,由球磨10h粉末制成的压块在1900℃下烧结2h其致密度即可达97.3%,比传统微米级纯钨粉末制成的压块达到相同烧结致密度的温度降低了600℃以上。同时,球磨处理可以大幅降低钨粉的起始烧结温度和再结晶温度,获得组织更加均匀细小、力学性能(硬度)更加优良的钨烧结体。     

AlN覆钨对AlN/W-Cu复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法对AlN粉体进行表面覆W后，将其与适量W粉混合，经压制、预烧结，制得多孔AlN/W骨架，再熔渗Cu后制备出不同AlN含量(0～8%)的AlN/W-Cu复合材料。考察了AlN含量对于烧结体微观组织、力学性能和热学性能的影响，并与由未覆钨AlN粉体制备的AlN/W-Cu复合材料进行对比。结果表明，采用溶胶凝胶法可在AlN颗粒表面均匀制备覆W层，其界面结合良好。覆钨AlN/W-Cu复合材料的相对密度、硬度、抗拉强度以及热导率均优于未覆钨AlN/W-Cu复合材料的。AlN/W-Cu复合材料的相对密度、抗拉强度及热导率随AlN含量的增加而降低，而硬度随AlN含量的增加而上升。当AlN含量为2%时，覆钨AlN/W-Cu复合材料的综合性能最佳，相对密度达到97.69%，显微硬度达到277HV，热导率达到205.54 W/(m·K)。     

机械合金化对W-20Cu复合材料的显微组织与性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备W-20Cu（vo1％）复合材料。利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对不同球磨时间的W-20Cu复合材料显微组织进行表征，并对材料的各项物理性能进行测试。结果表明，随着球磨时间的延长，W-20Cu烧结体的组织越来越均匀，Cu相分布也越来越均匀。W-20Cu烧结体密度、收缩率、硬度、抗弯强度随球磨时间的延长而增大；球磨20h的W-20Cu复合粉烧结体热导率达到峰值（130．61Wm^-1K^-1），继续球磨，热导率减小。综合考虑所有研究结果，通过机械合金化所制备的W-Cu复合粉体可以获得具有优异综合物理性能的W-20Cu复合材料。     

超细WC-Co硬质合金的制备与性能研究

利用高能球磨法制备纳米级WC-Co混合粉末,采用脉冲电流烧结技术进行烧结。用能谱分析仪(EDX)对球磨后的粉末进行成分分析,用X射线衍射(XRD)对比分析球磨前后WC-Co混合粉末的衍射峰变化,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的粉末及烧结材料进行了组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结试样的硬度。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,WC-Co纳米粉末的粒度逐渐变小,当球磨时间超过30h后获得了粒度为100nm以下的WC-Co纳米粉末。脉冲电流烧结后获得超细WC-Co硬质合金,与传统的WC-Co硬质合金相比,超细WC-Co硬质合金具有更高的硬度(HRA92.5～94)和耐磨性。另外通过实验获得了最佳的烧结工艺参数。     

机械合金化W-Ti粉末的烧结特性

用高能球磨法制备了W-Ti预合金粉末,研究了纳米晶W-Ti粉末的真空烧结致密化和显微组织演化现象以及热处理时组织形貌的变化,并与未球磨粉末的烧结试样进行了比较。结果表明,提高烧结温度有利于提高相对密度;1500℃,2 h为最佳烧结工艺。机械合金化导致粉末内晶粒纳米化,形成成分不均的固溶体W-Ti粉末,使真空烧结后的显微组织结构明显细化,相对密度显著提高;扩散退火后能够形成成分较均匀的W-Ti固溶体。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of biocompatible Ti-42 wt.%Nb P/M alloy

Ti-42 wt. %Nb powder was prepared by high-energy mechanical milling (HEMM). The particle size distribution (PSD) of the as-milled powder has been investigated using a particle size distribution analyzer. The morphology and microstructure of the as-milled powder have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Also, the corrosion property and biocompatibility of sintered specimens comprising mixed and milled powders have been investigated. The milled powders were sintered using pulse current activated sintering (PCAS). PCAS was employed in order to provide more refined grain size and full density to Ti-42 %Nb alloy on the basis of short sintering time with pressure. The density of the sintered Ti-42 %Nb specimen fabricated using the milled powder increased with increased milling time due to high free surface area and defect density. The density of the sintered Ti-42 %Nb specimen fabricated using as-mixed powder increased with increased sintering temperature up to 950 °C. The microstructure of the sintered Ti-42 %Nb specimen fabricated using 4h-milled powder was composed of Nb-rich and Nb-poor phases that are more refined and homogeneously distributed. The mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the sintered Ti-42 %Nb specimen fabricated using milled powder were superior to those of a commercial, Ti-6wt.%Al-4wt.%V alloy.     

Synthesis of W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC composites by high energy milling and sintering

A W-3 wt% Mn matrix alloy reinforced with 2 wt% of 24 h pre-milled VC particles were synthesized via high energy milling for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and then sintered at 1300 °C. The W-3 wt% Mn alloy was also prepared by high energy milling of a powder blend of W-3 wt% Mn for 6 h. Effects of milling duration as well as Mn and VC addition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC composite powders and sintered samples were investigated. Microstructural characterizations of the composite powders and sintered samples were carried out via SEM and XRD analyses. Density measurements and hardness measurements of the sintered samples were also carried out. While the relative density increased from 92.4% for the sintered W-3 wt% Mn matrix to 97.8% for the sintered W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC composite milled for 24 h, there was an increase of ～85% in hardness values for the W-3 wt% Mn-2 wt% VC samples milled for 24 h.     

高能球磨工艺对Ni-Cr-P粉末性能的影响

采用机械合金化方法将Ni-Cr-P粉末用行星式高能球磨机进行球磨,利用SEM、DSC、硬度仪及万能实验机分析了不同球磨时间的粉末和烧结后的试样性能。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,粉末的能量在球磨20h达到最高,粉末的形貌图与粉末的能量曲线形成相对应的关系。球磨20h后的试样,在800℃进行烧结,可获得与原始粉末在920℃下烧结时性能相同的试样。     

Rapid Synthesis of V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy/Composite by Field Assisted Sintering Technique

The present investigation deals with synthesis and characterization of V-4Cr-4Ti composite/alloy from unmilled and mechanically alloyed powders. Starting powders were sintered by field assisted sintering technique with varying process parameters viz., temperature, holding time, etc. Both powder and sintered samples were subjected to microstructural and morphological characterization by using scanning electron microscopy and phase analysis was done with the help of X-ray diffraction. Field assisted sintering of unmilled and milled powders has resulted in V-4Cr-4Ti composite and single phase V-4Cr-4Ti alloy. Differential thermal analysis was performed in powder samples to identify the recovery and recrystallization regimes of starting powders. Activation energy of the starting powder was calculated by Kissinger analysis. Field assisted sintering of mechanically alloyed powders resulted in nanostructured single phase V-4Cr-4Ti alloy whereas sintering of unmilled powders resulted in V-4Cr-4Ti composite. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms nanostructured single phase V-4Cr-4Ti alloy after field assisted sintering of milled powders. For identical sintering condition, unmilled V-4Cr-4Ti powders have consumed 75% more current than milled powders. Role of particle size, shape and their distribution on the densification behavior of V-4Cr-4Ti powders are also discussed. Interstitial contamination in the sintered samples were studied using electron probe micro-analysis. Microhardness experiments were done on the sintered samples and their corresponding Hall-Pitch plots were deduced.     

预合金粉对粉末冶金NiFe18.5Al25合金性能的影响

将元素Ni、Fe和Al粉以摩尔比56.5-18.5-25配料,分别按元素粉末高能球磨(300 r/min, 12 h)、元素粉末直接干混、50%元素粉+50%预合金粉末干混3种方式混料;混料在500 MPa的压力下压制成形,1 280 ℃下烧结;对合金烧结态进行相对密度测定、力学性能检测、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和断口形貌观察.结果表明:50%元素粉+50%预合金粉制备的合金性能最好,密度可达到6.61 g/cm3(相对密度94.8%),烧结态抗拉强度可达到868 MPa,说明元素粉末中添加的预合金粉可以控制烧结过程,提高合金的烧结密度,同时增强合金的力学性能.     

Effect of ball milling time on microstructures and mechanical properties of mechanically-alloyed iron-based materials

The microstructures and mechanical properties of an iron-based alloy (Fe-13Cr-3W-0.4Ti-0.25Y-0.30O) prepared by mechanical alloying were investigated with scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer and hardness tester. The results show that the particle size does not decrease with milling time because serious welding occurs at 144 h. The density of the alloy sintered at 1 523 K is affected by the particle size of the powder. Finer particles lead to a high sintered density, while the bulk density by using particles milled for 144 h is as low as 70%. In the microstructures of the annealed alloy, large elongated particles and fine equiaxed grains can be detected. The elongated particle zone has a higher microhardness than the equiaxed grain area in the annealed alloys due to the larger residual strain and higher density of the precipitated phase.     

粉末加工工艺对银钯合金靶材制备的影响

粉末冶金法制备的银钯合金靶材存在孔隙率较高和相对密度较低的缺点。采用不同的粉末工艺制备了银钯合金粉末样品,使用氢氧含量分析、表面形貌分析、XRD线形分析等方法,探究使用各组样品经真空热压烧结制备的靶材的差异及其机理。结果表明,球磨后的合金粉末在烧结前有必要真空煅烧除氧;随着球磨时间和球磨转速的增加,粉末先细化后形成薄片,烧结体的相对密度先上升后下降;100 r/min球磨2 h所得粉末制备的烧结体具有最高的相对密度,为99.264%。     

Synthesis and thermal expansion of 4J36/ZrW2Os composites

Gas atomized 4336 alloy powder was milled for 72 h then mixed with ZrW2O8 powder and sintered at 600℃ for 4 h under argon atmosphere.4J36/ZrW2O8 composites containing 10 vol.%, 20 vol.%, 30 vol.%, and 40 vol.% ZrW2O8 were fabricated, the relative density of which ranged from 70% to 80%. Thermal expansion coefficients of the composites decreased as the amount of ZrW2O8 increased, in agreement with the rule of the mixture. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the 4J36/40 vol.%ZrW2O8 composite in 25-100℃ is 0.55 ×10-6/℃.