有机硅防缩剂在羊毛制品防缩整理中的应用

羊毛制品的毡缩特性,给服用和销售带来了很大的影响,因此,如何提高羊毛制品的可机洗性尤为重要和迫切.文章探讨了羊毛防毡缩的几种方法,介绍了有机硅防缩剂的防缩机理和特点.通过在不同织物上采用不同的防缩整理工艺,并对防缩效果进行测试对比,说明有机硅防缩剂在羊毛防缩整理中具有较明显的效果,研究和开发有机硅防缩剂也具有较好的市场前景和价值.     

Savinase蛋白酶用于毛织物防毡缩整理的工艺探讨

选用Savinase蛋白酶对羊毛织物进行防毡缩处理,采用非氯氧化剂——双氧水作为前处理剂,通过Savinase蛋白酶酶活测试,确定初步的实验参数,采用单因素分析和正交试验相结合的方法,确定Savinase蛋白酶防毡缩整理的最佳工艺为:蛋白酶用量3%(owf)、p H值7、温度55℃,时间40 min、浴比1∶30。实验结果表明,Savinase酶对羊毛织物防缩整理可使羊毛缩率下降到5.60%,由此得出,Savinase蛋白酶整理可使羊毛织物获得较好的防缩效果。     

壳聚糖对羊毛减量防毡缩整理的影响

运用壳聚糖与羊毛减量防毡缩相结合的方法对羊毛织物进行表面改性。探讨壳聚糖对羊毛减量防毡缩整理后羊毛防缩性和强力的变化;研究整理后对织物表面形貌的影响。结果表明：整理后织物表面形态发生了变化,在保证原有毡缩率的条件下,可有效改善羊毛由于防缩整理带来的强力损失,并且提高了染色效率,节约了染色时间。     

羊毛织物防毡缩整理的研究

研究了预氧化处理与树脂整理对羊毛织物进行防缩整理的特点，选用高锰酸钾和二氯异氰尿钾盐DCCA分别对羊毛织物先进行预氧化处理，再结合树脂整理，确定了该防缩方法的最佳工艺，使羊毛织物达到了符合标准要求的防毡缩效果。     

3D精纺面料的开发

本文根据羊毛特殊的毡缩性能,采用普通羊毛与防缩羊毛相结合并采用特殊的纺纱工艺、差别化的捻度设计、特殊的后整理工艺制成3D精纺面料,并对织物进行了性能测试。该工艺主要利用普通羊毛经过后整理产生的毡缩与防缩羊毛不毡缩的现象,在织物中形成缩与不缩的特殊3D立体效果。     

等离子体技术在提高羊毛防毡缩性中的应用现状

文章就近年来国内外等离子体技术在改善羊毛防毡缩性上的应用、方法以及原理进行了阐述和展望。对等离子体表面处理羊毛,以及等离子体联合酶处理、等离子体联合树脂整理、等离子与壳聚糖结合改性羊毛的复合方法做了总结,并对整理后织物的毡缩率、强力损失、手感和耐水洗牢度等方面进行分析对比。相比传统的防毡缩工艺,基于等离子体技术的羊毛防毡缩加工具有更加优良的防缩性能,且节水减排、生态环保,在改性羊毛防毡缩方面有着重要的应用前景。     

羊毛织物酶法与化学法防毡缩整理效果比较

针对现有研究中采用蛋白酶种类、酶活不同以及羊毛织物规格不一致等原因,难以对不同工艺处理后的织物进行直接地防毡缩整理效果比较,故基于羊毛“减法”防毡缩原理,考察了相同规格羊毛织物的酶法(角蛋白酶、蛋白酶、角蛋白酶-蛋白酶复合和DCCA-蛋白酶复合)与化学法(二氯异氰尿酸DCCA、过氧甲酸和KMnO4)防毡缩整理效果。结果表明:羊毛织物经蛋白酶单独处理时的防毡缩效果较好,润湿性明显提高;蛋白酶分别与DCCA和角蛋白酶复合处理羊毛织物时,纤维鳞片层被进一步破坏,织物的防毡缩效果更好。     

蛋白酶和有机硅改性聚氨酯联合防毡缩工艺

为了改善水性聚氨酯对羊毛织物防毡缩处理时用量过大而造成织物发硬、手感差和单独蛋白酶防毡缩整理时强力损伤严重的问题,文章将羊毛织物用蛋白酶Esperase 8.0L预处理后再经有机硅改性水性聚氨酯(WSPU)联合防毡缩整理。探讨了蛋白酶Esperase 8.0L最佳酶活,确定了有机硅改性水性聚氨酯的最佳配比。以羊毛织物的面积毡缩率、强力为评价指标,优化出联合防毡缩整理工艺。该工艺整理后的羊毛织物满足国际羊毛局防毡缩技术标准和市场对机可洗产品的质量要求,整理后织物的柔软性和手感得到改善。采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和织物风格测试对整理前后织物的变化进行了分析和探讨。     

羊毛织物的防缩整理

本文就国内外羊毛织物防缩整理的工业概况作了介绍；简明地阐述了羊毛的毡缩理论；并重点讨论了稳定型聚氨酯预聚体防缩整理剂的合成和特性、以及该整理剂用于羊毛织物防缩整理时主要工艺条件的选择。     

丝素蛋白剂对羊毛织物性能的影响

对羊毛织物进行丝素蛋白剂浸渍-焙烘工艺整理,分别测试整理前后织物的表面性能、防毡缩性能、抗皱性能、透气性能以及风格指标。实验结果表明:羊毛纤维表面附着了一层丝素蛋白膜,羊毛织物的防毡缩性能有很大改善,可以达到机可洗羊毛要求,折皱回复性和透气性能提高了大约10%,织物风格指标也得到了改善,弯曲性能指标显著提高,织物的滑糯感和丰满感也增强了。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press