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全世界约有14亿立方公里水资源,其中97.3%为海水,2.7%为淡水,而淡水中约75%又冰冻在两极地带,可供人类直接利用的淡水仅占0.36%,而且分布很不均匀。即使在水资源相对丰富的一些地区,由于人口的增长,工业的发展,以及水源的污染,人们也担心将来会缺水。我国是水资源贫乏国,人均水占有量在全世界居第88位。为了发展生产,保障人民生活需要,开发淡水资源意义十分重大。其中,海水淡化是人工获得淡水的途径之一,已引起越来越多国家的关注。淡化海水需消耗大量能源,这些能源可以是常规能源,也可以是太阳能等新能源。为了节约煤、油、 相似文献
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海水淡化技术的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
淡水资源的紧缺已成为一个世界性问题。我国水资源匮乏,海水淡化包括西北地区的苦咸水淡化,将成为解决我国沿海地区和岛屿、华北和西北部分干旱地区等缺水问题的重要手段。海水淡化技术在国外已得到广泛应用,在我国也日趋重视。分析了海水淡化不同技术的原理、特点及其应用情况,指出与热力发电厂余热利用相结合的多效蒸馏法、多级闪蒸法将体现其明显的经济性,而且可在掌握系统技术的基础上,开发相应的成套设备。 相似文献
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应用Aspen Plus软件,建立了平流、顺流、逆流三种进料方式的低温多效蒸发海水淡化工艺流程,并进行了流程模拟,模拟结果与文献[6]进行了对比,验证了所建工艺流程的可靠性和流程模拟的准确性。在加热蒸汽质量流量和热力压缩机引射率相同的情况下,应用等温差分配法对三种进料方式海水淡化系统进行模拟计算,获得了造水比和比传热面积与蒸发器效数、浓缩比、效间温差和进料海水温度之间的关系。研究结果表明:蒸发器效数对系统的热力性能有显著影响,当效数较少时,采用平流进料方式较为合适;增大浓缩比可以提高造水比,且比传热面积变化不大;当浓缩比较大时,可采用顺流进料,以降低结垢风险;增大效间温差,会降低逆流进料方式的造水比,但会增加平流和顺流的造水比;提高进料海水温度可以提升系统热力性能,但进料海水温度受末效二次蒸汽温度的限制。 相似文献
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The performance of a pilot solar Multi Effect Humidification (MEH) Desalination system in Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, had been measured and analysed in detail by the ZAE Bayern since 1992. The investigated distillation units showed constant performance over several years without extensive maintanance. However the efforts towards further efficiency improvement by economic means pointed out the need of supplementing the system with a thermal storage tank. The distillation unit being the most expensive part of a desalination system has to be run 24 hours a day in order to be economic. A cost estimation for storage implementation yields the result, that cost reduction for the produced water by more than a half is possible. In April 1997 a desalination system with 24 hour thermal storage was built up in Sfax / Tunisia. The results of a short term measuring campaign at this site are presented here.For optimizing the ratio of sizes of thermal storage, collector field and distillation module a simulation tool for collector field and storage is developed at the ZAE Bayern. The simulation results of a combined laboratory distillation unit and storage system are presented. 相似文献
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Energy and freshwater shortage are the bottlenecks restricting China's economic development. The integration of energy utilization system and seawater desalination is considered as an innovative technology enabling efficient simultaneous use of middle or low temperature thermal energy and supply freshwater. Three feasible approaches to integrate seawater desalination with energy utilization system are presented in this paper, including combinations of the desalination process with a Combined Cooling Heating & Power system (CCHP), a power plant, or a solar thermal utilization system. In addition, the feasibility and advantages of a seawater desalination system combined with a power plant are described. The findings indicate that combining seawater desalination with industrial processes is a feasible and promising way to solve the problems of the lack of freshwater and low efficient use of low temperature thermal energy in coastland areas. 相似文献