二氧化硅微球羟基化改性及应用于吸附铜离子的研究

采用改进工艺的Stober法制备二氧化硅微球及羟基化的二氧化硅微球。用SEM、XRD对合成的二氧化硅微球材料及羟基化后的形貌、结构和纯度进行表征。研究了改性后的材料对铜离子的吸附性能,考察了羟基化的二氧化硅微球材料吸附铜离子的动力学及等温吸附模型。电镜表征结果表明,合成出的材料粒径可控的羟基化二氧化硅微球。吸附铜的研究结果表明,合成的羟基化的二氧化硅微球材料表现出较高的吸附性能,羟基化的二氧化硅微球材料对铜的吸附动力学模型符合准二级动力学,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。将羟基化的二氧化硅微球材料用于净化废水中的铜,结果较好。     

磁性淀粉微球对Ni(Ⅱ)吸附性能的研究

研究了磁性淀粉微球对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附性能。考查了在常温条件下,反应时间、Ni(Ⅱ)的初始浓度、磁性淀粉微球的用量等对吸附性能的影响。探讨了磁性淀粉微球对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附热力学和吸附动力学行为。结果表明:Ni(Ⅱ)为80mg/L,磁性淀粉微球用量为30mg时,在常温下经过80min的振荡吸附,磁性淀粉微球对Ni(Ⅱ)饱和吸附量达到11.69mg/g;吸附热力学表明磁性淀粉微球对Ni(Ⅱ)的吸附行为符合Freundlich方程;磁性淀粉微球对Ni(Ⅱ)离子的吸附过程可用准一级和准二级动力学模型进行模拟,但更符合二级动力学方程。     

复合淀粉微球对铜离子的吸附及动力学研究

以复合淀粉微球为载体,研究其对Cu2+的吸附行为,考察了反应时间、pH值、反应温度、Cu2+的初始浓度等因素对吸附量的影响,并研究了吸附行为的动力学模型。结果表明,复合淀粉微球在120 min时可以达到对Cu2+吸附的平衡状态,静态吸附实验发现,在pH=6、温度35℃、Cu2+初始浓度0.10 mol/L时复合淀粉微球对Cu2+的吸附量较高。动力学实验研究表明,吸附行为可能更符合准二级动力学模型。     

交联壳聚糖复合微球对F-的吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)包合氧化铝经戊二醛交联反应制备了复合微球作为氟离子吸附剂。主要研究了复合微球对F-的吸附模型和吸附动力学,并考察了再生次数对吸附容量的影响。结果表明复合微球对F-有很强的吸附作用和较快的吸附速率;吸附行为符合Freundlich模型,为吸热过程,吸附表观活化能△E=53.71kJ/mol;复合微球经碱液洗脱再生后能够多次使用。     

老化温度对SiO_2/淀粉复合物及其吸附性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在温和条件下合成了SiO_2/淀粉复合物,用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外透射光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对SiO_2/淀粉复合物进行表征。重点研究了老化温度对复合材料形态的影响,同时研究了该复合材料对水体中Pb2+离子的吸附性能。结果表明:所制备的SiO_2/淀粉复合物为无定型结构,SiO_2和淀粉的羟基之间发生了缩水反应,SiO_2和淀粉的重量比为1∶5,SiO_2包裹在淀粉表面形成核壳结构,复合物对Pb~(2+)铅离子的吸附动力学符合准二阶动力学方程,对Pb~(2+)铅离子的吸附符合Freundlich模型,以单分子层吸附为主。     

淀粉微球吸附胭脂红动力学研究

以模型药物胭脂红为吸附质,考察淀粉微球的吸附动力学特性。分别采用5种常用的吸附动力学方程对不同吸附质初始质量浓度的实验数据进行拟合,结果显示淀粉微球对胭脂红的吸附过程较好地符合Lagergren二级吸附动力学模型。然后通过考虑胭脂红初始质量浓度、体系温度和微球平均粒径对吸附的影响,运用多元回归方法建立了平衡吸附量与质量浓度、温度和平均粒径之间的综合吸附动力学模型。该模型确定了影响淀粉微球吸附载药各种因素的主次关系,为研究淀粉微球的吸附载药作用提供了一种研究方法。     

木薯淀粉磁性微球的结构表征及其对溶菌酶的吸附性能

磁性微球是高分子材料与磁性物质通过一定作用复合而成的一类具有特殊功能的磁性高分子微球。以木薯淀粉为原材料,复合共沉淀法制备的改性磁流体Fe₃O₄,采用两步法(化学交联法)制备木薯淀粉磁性微球。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、同步热分析仪、扫描电镜、激光粒度仪、磁天平等对其性能及结构进行表征并研究其对溶菌酶的吸附行为。通过单因素法考察磁性微球用量、溶液pH值、吸附温度、吸附时间对吸附率的影响,并采用准一级动力学模型和准二级动力学模型研究其吸附动力学。结果表明:制备的木薯淀粉磁性微球Fe₃O₄含量为19.71%,D₅₀(中位径)为15.40μm,磁化率为1.571×10^-3cm³/g,形貌规整;在微球用量为1.25g,溶液pH=10,吸附温度为25℃,吸附时间为80min时,微球对溶菌酶的吸附率最高,达到84.67%。以相关系数R²为参考,准二级动力学模型(R²=0.99993)较准一级动力学模型(R²=0.99174)、颗粒内扩散模型(R²=0.69996)能更好描述木薯淀粉磁性微球对溶菌酶的吸附行为。     

聚合电解质负载磷酸钡复合微球对铅的吸附

以卡拉胶(CN)、海藻酸钠(SA)和壳聚糖(CS)为基质包裹磷酸钡合成了CN-SA-CS@Ba P复合微球球形吸附剂,对其形貌特征进行了表征,研究了对含铅废水的净化效果,结果表明,CN-SA-CS@Ba P复合微球在p H为4~6时去除效果最好;随着水溶液中Pb~(2+)初始含量的增加,复合微球对铅的吸附量也随之增加,但是去除效率却逐渐降低;随着接触时间增加,复合微球的吸附量逐渐增大并在180 min左右达到吸附平衡。复合微球对Pb~(2+)的吸附平衡最符合Langmuir等温线模型,最大吸附量可达132.1 mg/g;复合微球对Pb~(2+)具有快的吸附速率,其吸附动力学遵循准2级反应动力学模型,这与其三维网络结构和大量功能性基团有关。     

载铁二氧化硅的制备及对Cd~(2+)的吸附研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,在碱为催化剂下以溶胶-凝胶法制备微球二氧化硅,并在此基础上负载纳米铁,研究载铁二氧化硅微球对Cd2+的吸附效果。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、原子吸收光谱仪来测定材料的结构和性能。结果表明,所制备材料为球形状,XRD中2θ在23°和44°处分别证明二氧化硅和铁的存在;在303 K、初始Cd_(2+)的质量浓度为50 mg/L,载铁二氧化硅吸附容量可达到32.00 mg/g,比纯的纳米二氧化硅吸附容量提高1.1倍;随着Cd~(2+)初始含量的增加,溶液p H的增大,载铁二氧化硅饱和吸附容量略有上升。载铁二氧化硅等温吸附模型较符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学模型较为符合准2级反应模型。     

热改性生物质炭微球及对水中结晶紫的吸附

利用油茶果壳制备了一种生物质炭微球,并且对其进行热改性后用于对水中结晶紫的吸附去除研究。BET表征结果表明改性后的炭微球中有较多中孔结构,比表面积可达349.240m~2/g。吸附实验考察了溶液吸附动力学、溶液pH值的影响和等温吸附。实验结果表明在结晶紫溶液的pH为8时其吸附效果最佳,动力学实验结果表明在120min时油茶籽壳生物质炭微球对结晶紫的吸附可达到吸附平衡,且动力学拟合的结果显示其动力学吸附行为更符合拟二级动力学模型。吸附等温线数据较符合Langmuir模型(R20.96),在25℃下,热改性处理后的油茶籽壳生物质炭微球吸附结晶紫的最大吸附量达到了40.1mg/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。