镁剂烟气脱硫废水用于废水脱氮除磷技术研究

将含有2 g/L镁离子的镁剂烟气脱硫废水用于废水脱氮除磷,探讨了影响废水脱氮除磷效率的因素。结果表明,对NH3-N为578 mg/L、PO43--P为1 352 mg/L的废水,当n(Mg2+)∶n(NH4+)∶n(PO43-)=2∶1∶1.6,pH=9.5,反应时间为10 min,搅拌转速为300 r/min时,氨氮去除率可达到80%,磷酸盐去除率达到91.5%。脱氮除磷的产物磷酸铵镁(MAP)可以用做缓释肥等。将镁剂烟气脱硫废水用于废水脱氮除磷,可达到以废治废的目的,该技术具有良好的应用前景。     

重金属捕捉剂DTC-3去除化学镍实验研究

选用三乙烯四胺为原料制备重金属捕捉剂DTC-3,处理深圳某电镀企业废水中的化学镍,研究了DTC-3投加量、p H值、反应时间以及絮凝剂FeSO₄投加量等因素对Ni²⁺去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:在p H值调到9,DTC-3投加量为100 mg/L,搅拌反应15 min,FeSO₄投加量为80 mg/L时,残留Ni²⁺浓度从3.86 mg/L降到0.43 mg/L,去除率高达88.86%,达到电镀污染物排放标准(GB 21900-2008)中表2要求,同时,经对比,除化学镍效果优于某市售重捕剂CL-30,可见DTC-3具有较好的应用前景。     

结晶法由硫辛酸厂含铝废水制备铵明矾

以硫辛酸厂含铝废水中的Al3+为原料,采用结晶法制备铵明矾,研究了时间、NH4+/Al3+摩尔比、SO42-/Al3+摩尔比、温度、搅拌速度对废水中铝去除率和铵明矾产量的影响,对所制铵明矾与商品铵明矾进行比较. 结果表明,两者具有几乎相同的晶体结构、形貌和化学组成,所得产品符合同类工业产品标准. 结晶法用硫辛酸厂含铝废水制备铵明矾的适宜条件为：反应时间8 h,NH4+/Al3+ 1.40,SO42-/Al3+ 2.90,温度5~15℃,搅拌速度35~55 r/min. 宏观反应动力学表明,在晶体生长期,Al3+在边界层扩散传质为反应控制步骤,液相主体Al3+浓度C随时间t的变化关系符合方程C=(C0-Ci)e-kt+Ci. 当搅拌速度较低时,铵明矾晶体平均粒径大,分布宽;搅拌速度增加,晶体平均粒径减小,粒径分布变窄.     

以废磷酸为磷源的MAP法去除污泥压滤液中的氨氮

利用废磷酸作为MAP法的磷源处理污泥压滤液厌氧出水中的NH_3-N,考察了反应时间、搅拌方式、pH值、氮磷镁物质的量之比、初始NH_3-N浓度对NH_3-N去除效果和残余PO_4~(3-)浓度的影响,并确定了最佳反应条件。试验结果表明,当原水NH_3-N的质量浓度为700.42 mg/L,PO_4~(3-)的质量浓度为0.33 mg/L时,常温下,最佳反应条件为p H值为9,n(NH_4~+)∶n(PO_4~(3-))∶n(Mg~(2+))=1∶1∶1,曝气搅拌反应10 min。此时,NH_3-N的去除率可达84.91%,出水NH_3-N的质量浓度为105.69 mg/L,残余PO_4~(3-)的质量浓度为6.49 mg/L。以废磷酸作为沉淀剂磷源的MAP法,具有较好的NH_3-N处理效果,可用于高浓度NH_3-N废水的预处理。     

磷酸铵镁结晶法处理含磷废水试验研究

用模拟废水进行了磷酸铵镁法除磷试验,研究了反应物摩尔比、溶液p H值、搅拌速度、搅拌时间和沉淀时间等对处理效果的影响。结果表明,n(N)∶n(Mg)∶n(P)=5. 5∶2∶1,溶液初始p H值9. 5,搅拌速度150 r/min,搅拌时间10 min,沉淀时间15 min的条件下,磷的初始浓度为100 mg/L时,磷的去除率可达99. 476%,处理出水达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596—2001)总磷排放标准(8 mg/L)。SEM表明,p H为8. 5,9. 0,9. 5的条件下得到的沉淀产物均具有明显的晶体结构,其中p H为9. 5的条件下得到的产物主要是斜方晶体,与磷酸铵镁的理论形态最为一致。     

MAP沉淀法处理高浓度氨氮废水工艺应用

实验采用磷酸氨镁沉淀法（MAP）去除高浓度氨氮废水。以MgSO。和Na2HPO4·12H2O为沉淀剂,通过实验研究磷酸氨镁沉淀法（MAP）去除废水中的氨氮的工艺奈件：Mg2＋、PO42-的投加量、pH值、搅拌时间对氨氮去除率的影响。实验结果表明：沉淀剂最佳的投加比例为n（Mg）：n（P）：n（N）=1．4：13：1,PH值为9．5,反应时间40min。该工艺条件下,经过二级磷酸氨镁沉淀法（MAP）反应对初最初浓度为2275mg／L氨氮废水处理后可降至8．0mg／L,去除率大于99％。     

无机钙垢结垢及阻垢效果正交实验研究

针对多因素共同作用对钙垢结垢量及阻垢效果的影响,筛选出7种因素,采用正交优化实验进行研究。结垢实验中,结垢量最大的组合为:Ca2+浓度3200mg/L,SO42-浓度3800mg/L,HCO3-浓度2400mg/L,矿化度60g/L,温度70℃,压力0.2MPa,pH值8.5;结垢量最小的组合为:Ca2+浓度1600mg/L;SO42-浓度9600mg/L;HCO3-浓度1200mg/L,矿化度100g/L,温度30℃,压力1MPa,pH值6.5;对结垢量影响大小的排序是HCO3-浓度温度pH值SO42-浓度Ca2+浓度压力矿化度。阻垢实验中,阻垢效果最好的组合为:Ca2+浓度1600mg/L,Mg2+浓度960mg/L,SO42-浓度9600mg/L,HCO3-浓度1800mg/L,阻垢剂浓度40mg/L,温度30℃,pH值6.5;阻垢效果最差的组合为:Ca2+浓度3200mg/L,Mg2+浓度480mg/L,SO42-浓度6700mg/L,HCO3-浓度1200mg/L,阻垢剂浓度20mg/L,温度70℃,pH值8.5;对阻垢效果影响大小的排序是Ca2+浓度温度阻垢剂浓度HCO3-浓度SO42-浓度pH值Mg2+浓度。     

MAP法去除联碱生产清洗水中氨氮的研究

以联碱生产清洗废水为研究对象,探索了p H值、化学药剂投放配比、反应时间、不同镁源材料对MAP法去除氨氮的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为室温(25±1)℃,p H值为10.5,物质的量比n(Mg2+)∶n(PO43-)∶n(NH4+)为1.2∶1∶1时,氨氮去除效果最佳,去除率达到98.4%;可溶性镁源优于Mg O,其中Mg Cl2·6H2O的效果更好;碱业生产废水的氨氮去除率和残留浓度随氨氮初始浓度而变化,中等浓度时,氨氮去除率较高、氨氮残留浓度和磷残留浓度较低,氨氮初始浓度为1000~3000 mg/L,氨氮残留浓度皆在50 mg/L以下,MAP法可有效降低后续深度处理负荷,同时获得缓释肥。     

Fenton氧化法预处理制药废水实验研究

制药行业产生的废水污染物浓度高、生化性差、含有毒有害物质较多,采用Fenton氧化法对其进行预处理。Fenton氧化实验探讨了H2O2和Fe SO4投加量、初始反应p H、反应时间等因素对该废水预处理效果的影响。结果表明,Fenton氧化实验最适宜条件为:H2O2(浓度30%)投加量350 m L/L,Fe SO4(浓度15%)投加量300 m L/L,初始反应p H为2.41,反应时间为100 min。原水COD去除率高达90.61%,预处理水样COD达到3579.4 mg/L,可以使后续生物处理的难度大大减少,满足了后续生化处理对进水浓度的要求。     

磷酸铵镁法综合处理磷酸盐工业废水和垃圾渗滤液研究

探讨了磷酸铵镁法综合处理磷酸盐工业废水和垃圾渗滤液的可行性.探讨了pH、物质摩尔配比、搅拌速度、反应时间、陈化时间等因素对氨氮和磷酸盐去除效果的影响.实验得出只加MgSO4·7H2O)处理氨氮质量浓度为2 677.34 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液和磷酸盐质量浓度为l 804.48 mg/L的磷酸盐工业废水时的较佳实验条件为:搅拌速度200 r/min左右,反应时间20 rain,pH=9.5,n(Mg):n(P):n(N)=1.5:1.187:1.0.在陈化时间为30 min以及上述实验条件下,磷酸盐的去除率为99.53%,处理液中的残磷质量浓度为6.79 mg/L,氨氮的去除率为87.56%,残氮质量浓度为76.12 mg/L.并对所得磷酸铵镁沉淀进行了X-衍射光谱和扫描电镜分析.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。