循环冷却水无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的研究

以聚环氧琥珀酸、磺酸基共聚物、缓蚀助剂为原料,研制出一种循环冷却水无磷阻垢缓蚀剂,通过静态阻垢试验、旋转挂片腐蚀试验和动态模拟试验,对无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢性能和缓蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,在循环冷却水系统中,无磷阻垢缓蚀剂质量浓度为60 mg/L,此时的阻垢率95%,腐蚀速率为0.029 0 mm/a,无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢缓蚀性能优良,可替代循环冷却水系统中应用的磷系水处理剂。     

冷却水处理用缓蚀阻垢剂的研制进展

近年来,在循环冷却水化学处理技术的开发中,非铬系配方的研制和应用发展迅速。本文以大量的国外文献为基础,对磷酸盐系、磷酸/锌盐系、锌盐系、亚硝酸盐系和全有机系等十余种非铬系缓蚀剂和若干种阻垢分散剂的开发和应用情况做了综述,并指出,循环冷却水系统所用的缓蚀阻垢剂的研究方向是开发高效而无环境公害的新药剂,并充分发挥协同效应,努力提高药剂配方的性能。     

电厂专用无磷阻垢缓蚀剂WL-5007A的性能评价

文中介绍了电厂专用无磷阻垢缓蚀剂WL-5007A的阻垢及缓蚀机理,对其缓蚀、阻垢性能进行了试验评价。结果表明,该阻垢缓蚀剂具有优良的阻垢、缓蚀性能,能有效抑制系统结垢及腐蚀,能够满足电厂循环冷却水系统在高浓缩倍数条件下运行。药剂无磷、无氮,与常规药剂相比,对环境友好,具有现场推广应用价值。     

国内间冷开式循环冷却水系统阻垢缓蚀剂工程应用进展

介绍了阻垢缓蚀剂工作机理,叙述了近年来国内间冷开式循环冷却水系统阻垢缓蚀剂工程应用开发进展。提出阻垢缓蚀剂的工程优选步骤为:全面现场考察;小试研究,通过静态和动态实验研发新型复配药剂配方,调试其静态和动态性能参数符合GB 50050-2007要求;投产运行,以小试研究成果指导,落实最为节能减排工程技术方案。认为间冷开式系统中的沉积物、腐蚀和微生物三者之间是互相影响且可以互相转化的,阻垢缓蚀剂应结合杀生剂同时使用,并采取适合的检测手段及时预测、评估和防范生产运行中可能产生的风险。     

水质控制对循环冷却水系统运行经济性影响分析

针对安徽省电厂敞开式循环冷却水系统的运行特点,从浓缩倍率的控制以及阻垢缓蚀剂配方体系的选择等几个方面,研究了水质控制对于循环冷却水系统运行经济性的影响,另外对淮河流域电厂循环冷却水系统的合理处理费用进行了评估。研究发现:安徽地区电厂循环冷却水系统浓缩倍率可适当提高到4～5,且不同区域应采用相应体系的阻垢缓蚀剂配方;另外,采用淮河水系为水源的电厂,其敞开式循环冷却水系统的阻垢缓蚀剂费用应在0.15元/t左右。     

X-206新型低磷阻垢缓蚀剂的性能研究

电厂循环冷却水系统采用阻垢缓蚀剂处理时，加入的药品必随排污水进入环境，造成一定污染。水资源日渐贫乏，环保要求越来越高，而目前广泛使用的有机磷配方药剂，使水体富营养化，促使微生物过度繁殖，造成湖水升华、海水赤潮等危害破坏生态平衡。因此，开发低磷阻垢缓蚀剂大势所趋。     

环保型水处理药剂的合成与性能研究

本文首先分别合成了聚天冬氨酸和丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯共聚物，并对其性能进行评定，然后以聚天冬氨酸为主体，通过与聚丙烯酸类阻垢分散剂和磷系阻垢缓蚀剂的复配，开发出一种低磷、可部分生物降解的新型阻垢缓蚀剂，并对其性能进行了综合评定，表明该药剂具有优良的阻垢缓蚀性能，适合用在高温、高硬度、高浓缩倍数的循环冷却水系统。     

全有机配方水处理剂在循环水系统中的应用

针对我公司循环冷却水系统水处理药剂采用六偏磷酸钠处理效果不够理想的现实,改用含有新型多功能阻垢缓蚀剂ＬＮ—１８０的全有机配方处理循环水,经实际应用,效果理想。     

火电厂开式循环冷却水阻垢缓蚀剂的研究现状与展望

阐述了火电厂开式循环冷却水系统阻垢缓蚀剂的研究现状,不同电厂根据不同的补充水水质、水质控制方法和换热器材质筛选阻垢缓蚀剂,以及阻垢缓蚀剂的使用效果,火电厂开式循环冷却水系统阻垢缓蚀剂向低膦、无磷、易生物降解的环境友好性方向发展。     

高硬度水质阻垢缓蚀剂的筛选

采用碳酸钙沉积法和旋转挂片法,研究试验阻垢缓蚀剂对高硬度循环冷却水的阻垢和缓蚀性能,试验表明,阻垢缓蚀剂LXZH-512在一定浓度范围内,具有较好的阻垢和缓蚀性能,可以应用于循环冷却水系统。     

Simulated evaluation of the degradation of hydrophobically associative polymers in the formation

In this work, indoor physical simulation experiments were used to examine the effects of shear, thermal, chemical, and microbial degradation on the properties of the hydrophobic associative polymer AP-P4. It was discovered that the viscosity of the polymer solution generally decreased as the shear time was extended. The larger the shear strength, the lower the solution viscosity. Fitting of the nonlinear equation of solution viscosity with shear time, η = 12,988 t^−1.08. When thermal degradation started, the solution viscosity first started to rise, however, this phase was just a short one. The viscosity of the solution gradually started to decrease as the thermal degradation period grew. In addition, the trends of properties like hydrokinetic radius, hydrophobic connectivity, and hydrolysis essentially followed the same patterns as those of solution viscosity. At the beginning of the degradation process, the viscosity retention of the polymer solution without oxygen is significantly higher than that of the aerobic environment. However, the difference between the two becomes smaller as the degradation time increases. In addition, the AP-P4 had good temperature resistance and aging resistance capabilities when iron ions were present. Finally, it was discovered that AP-P4 had a strong antibacterial effect, which decreased the viscosity brought on by microbial action.     

Polymer pyrolysis: A resolution of anomalies in kinetic schemes for the rate of evolution of volatile products

Kinetic schemes proposed by three groups of workers for polymer pyrolysis have been critically examined, in order to resolve apparent anomalies, especially in the way in which the overall first-order rate constant for volatile evolution by depropagation mechanisms, involving different modes of initiation and termination, have been interpreted. In one scheme, the treatment of rate was found to be inappropriate for changing-volume systems, and the resulting rate expressions therefore cannot be recommended. When choice of units, conventions, and symbols was taken into account, the other schemes were found to be totally compatible. These schemes lead to identical expressions for the initial rate of evolution of a volatile product, provided the symbols are defined specifically according to the conventions chosen. These expressions are to be recommended for studies of this kind.     

线性PBS基脂肪族聚酯的合成和降解研究

为了探讨线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯的结构和降解之间的关系,首先合成了线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯,即聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-共-聚己二酸丁二醇酯P(BS-co-BA),聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-共-癸二酸丁二醇酯P(BS-co-BSe),并将线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯及PBS在土壤悬浮液中进行降解,通过GPC、熔点测定仪对线性PBS基脂肪族共聚酯的分子量和熔点进行了测定;通过测定降解过程中失重率和降解前后聚酯薄膜表面形貌来对共聚酯降解程度进行表征。结果表明:随着二元酸碳链的增长,分子对称性降低,降解性能增大。通过观察分子量,熔点及降解失重率的测定结果,得出分子量越大,降解越不容易进行;熔点越小,降解性能越好。     

葡萄糖苷的热解研究

在这篇文章中 ,研究了乙基香兰素、覆盆子酮与四种糖苷的热稳定性 ,重点研究了乙基香兰素 β -D -吡喃葡萄糖苷的热解 ,为糖苷在食品工业上的实际应用提供了可能性。     

霉化对天然橡胶组分及其热降解过程的影响

采用红外光谱仪分析了微波干燥未霉化天然橡胶(NR)和霉化天然橡胶(NR—m)的组分。图谱显示,NR在1541.20cm-1处有酰胺Ⅱ吸收峰,而NR—m没有。采用热重分析法分别在氮气和空气气氛中测试了微波干燥的NR和NR—m热降解和热氧降解。TG和DTG曲线显示,NR和NR—m的热降解均为1步反应,热氧降解均为2步反应。在等速升温条件下,NR的热降解温度和热氧降解温度均高于NR—m,NR降解时的活化能明显低于NR—m;2试样的反应级数为:在热降解中n2,在热氧降解中n2;在热降解中NR的相关系数r均大于NR—m;随升温速率的增大,2试样的A值和A1值均增大。     

铝试剂热氧降解动力学研究

本文在用热分析方法研究了铝试剂的热氧降解历程后＾［１］,用Ｃｏａｔｓ－Ｒｅｄｆｒｎ方程进行动力学处理,确定铝试剂热氧降解的表面反应级数为１．８、１．６、１．５、０．８２和活化能力６０．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、１１３．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、６５．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、２７４．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

Effect of UV and hygrothermal aging on the mechanical performance of polyurethane elastomers

In this study, the effects of environmental aging on the mechanical performance of elastomeric polyurethane (PU) were investigated using two accelerated aging techniques, namely, ultraviolet (UV) and hygrothermal (HT). Samples were prepared and subjected to UV and HT exposure for a period of 5 months and removed and mechanically tested at different time intervals. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed. A noticeable change in the chemical structure of the PU after 1 month of UV exposure was found, however, that was not the case after 1 month of HT exposure. The stress and strain to failure, tearing energy, and storage modulus were evaluated at different intervals for both aging techniques. It was found that the UV exposure caused severe degradation of the PU in comparison with the HT. A reduction of more than 98% in the tearing energy was observed for the UV‐exposed samples after 5 months when compared with only a 35% reduction in the tearing energy for the HT‐exposed samples. A similar trend was observed for tear strength and storage modulus. The degradation mechanisms of the PU elastomers have been identified using SEM and correlated with the tearing energy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

An Investigation into the UV-Photo-Oxidative Degradation of LDPE by Using Cobalt Naphthenate as Photosensitizer

The effect of cobalt naphthenate on photo degradation of low density polyethylene was studied. The carbonyl index, tensile strength, elongation at break, density and relative crystallinity of the samples were measured. The samples were made of different concentrations of LDPE and cobalt naphthenate. Parts of uniform thickness were cut for testing before and after UV-irradiation at every 30-days interval for 90 days. From the results of FTIR, and other measurements, it was observed that the UV-irradiation affects on the LDPE films and the rate of degradation increased with increasing both the concentration of the photosensitizer and time of irradiation.     

聚氨酯的化学降解及其性能

简单介绍了聚氨酯的水解、热降解、热氧化降解和紫外线降解的反应机理。举例比较了加入或未加入稳定剂的聚氨酯弹性体在降解试验前后的拉伸强度及其它性能变化,指出了添加稳定剂可改善聚氨酯弹性体的抗降解稳定性。     

玉米醇溶蛋白体内外降解行为的研究

目的：考查玉米醇溶蛋白体内外降解的情况。方法：用95％的乙醇溶液配制65％（g／mL）醇溶蛋白胶体溶液,用压模成型方法制备玉米醇溶蛋白棒,通过特性粘度、质量变化、扫描电镜观察等研究醇溶蛋白体内外降解过程。结果：醇溶蛋白体内外均能降解,在体内外降解的玉米醇溶蛋白棒只是表面变粗糙,但总体形态没有变化,且体内降解率大于体外降解率。随着降解的进行,棒表面逐渐粗糙,在体内还出现了凹状吸收。