一种适用于通讯器材的铝锰合金开发研究

测试了不同锰含量Al—Mn合金的硬度和冲击韧性,分析了锰含量对Al—Mn合金断口形貌特征及断裂形式的影响。结果表明：随着锰含量的增加Al—Mn化合物数量增加,Al—Mn合金铸态硬度提高,冲击韧性降低;随着锰含量的增加Al—Mn化合物形态由细变粗,由长变短,由头部圆形转变具有尖角形块状,材料的冲击韧性急剧下降。随着锰含量的增加Al—Mn合金断口形貌由塑性断裂向准解理断裂、脆性断裂特征变化。     

Mn对Mg-5Al镁合金腐蚀性能的影响

研究了不同含量的Mn对Mg-5Al镁合金的显微组织以及在NaCl溶液腐蚀介质中腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,添加Mn后,Mn优先与Al结合形成Al8Mn5相,合金晶粒明显细化,连续或半连续网状分布β-Mg17Al12相逐渐呈断续及颗粒状弥散分布且数量减少。随着Mn含量的增加,合金腐蚀速率降低,腐蚀电流密度降低,而钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻增加,合金耐蚀性能得到明显的改善。当Mn含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,合金耐蚀性最好,腐蚀速率仅有1.08mg.cm-2.d-1,比未添加Mn的合金降低了72%。     

Fe对高铝青铜摩擦磨损性能的影响

利用合金化的方法、电子探针、扫描电镜、RFT-Ⅲ往复实验机研究了Fe元素对新型铝青铜Cu-14Al-X合金机械性能摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,增加Fe含量合金中形成弥散分布的[Fe,Mn]Al K相组织,细化合金组织,增加合金硬度和耐磨性.当Fe含量为4%时合金综合力学性能及耐磨性最好,当Fe含量超过4%时,合金的耐磨性下降.     

Mn含量对Fe-Mn合金微观组织和阻尼性能的影响

通过真空感应电炉熔炼Fe-Mn合金、运用葛氏倒扭摆测量阻尼性能,结合SEM和TEM照片研究了Mn含量对Fe-Mn合金微观组织阻尼性能的影响。结果显示,随着Mn含量的增加,Fe-Mn合金的阻尼性能先增加后减小,在Mn含量为16.5%时取得峰值。原因在于,当Mn含量<16.5%时,随着Mn含量增加,合金中扩展位错数量增加,同时α′马氏体数量减少直至消失,扩展位错的移动性能增加,合金的阻尼性能增加;当Mn含量>16.5%以后,合金中的扩展位错数量减少,合金的阻尼性能降低。     

Y对Zn-25Al-5Mg-2.5Si合金铸态组织及力学性能的影响

以Zn-25Al-5Mg-2.5Si合金为基体材料,通过常规铸造方法制备了加入不同含量稀土Y的锌铝合金.采用扫描电镜、拉伸试验机、硬度计等分析研究了稀土Y对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,添加稀土Y后,在锌铝合金中,其与Al、Zn等元素形成硬度高、热硬性好的复杂成分化合物,分散于晶界和枝晶中,细化了组织,有效地阻碍了高温时基体的变形和晶界移动.随着Y含量的增加,在室温、100℃和180℃时合金的抗拉强度基本呈先升后降的趋势.当Y含量为0.4%(质量分数)时合金的综合性能最好,高温强度和硬度显著提高.180℃时合金的抗拉强度比不加Y时提高了26.4%,硬度提高了47.8%.     

Co对电沉积Ni—P／Al2O3合金层的组织影响

研究了Co对Ni—P／Al2O3合金性能和微观结构的影响。实验采用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱（EDs）方法对样品的组织形貌进行了表征：采用高温烧结对样件进行了硬度测定。实验结果表明：当Co含量为5．0％时,样件Al含量减少幅度不大,且P、Ni含量分别增加至11．46％和53．91％。热处理对镀层硬度性能测定,在8000C时,其硬度为822HV。     

化学成分及时效处理对镍铬铝铁精密电阻合金性能的影响

镍铬改良型精密电阻合金是在Ni80Cr20电热合金基础上经过成分优化发展而来,目前常用的有Ni-Cr-Al-Fe和Ni-Cr-Al-Cu两个系列。该类合金具有高电阻率(ρ)、低电阻温度系数(TCR)和低对铜热电势等优异的电学性能,是制作高性能电阻元件的关键材料,受到了我国研究者的高度重视,但关于其基础研究的报道很少,制约了相关生产技术的进步。Al和Fe是Ni-Cr-Al-Fe系精密电阻合金中两种主要的合金元素,本研究通过合理的成分设计,研究了这两种元素对合金力学和电学性能的影响规律;同时该合金通常是在固溶和时效处理状态下使用,因此也设计了相应的热处理工艺,以考察时效处理对合金性能的作用规律。本工作分析了不同合金的晶粒尺寸,测试了合金的硬度和拉伸性能,并利用电阻测试仪、电阻温度系数测试仪和热电偶检定炉等检测了合金的电学性能。结果表明,在本研究设计的成分范围内,合金的晶粒尺寸随Al含量的增加而减小,但其对Fe含量的变化不敏感。在力学性能方面,合金的硬度和强度随Al和Fe含量的增加而提高,塑性相应下降,但Fe的作用较Al弱;经时效处理后,合金的强度和硬度上升,但塑性无明显变化。在电学性能方面,Al和Fe含量的增加均使合金电阻率升高,但二者对电阻温度系数的影响规律相反,TCR随Al含量的增加而减小、随Fe含量的增加而增大,并且在一定条件下会出现负值,因此通过合理调整Al和Fe含量的比例,有望得到接近于0的TCR;合金的对铜热电势随Al含量的增加而先降后增,在Al含量为3. 2%～3. 7%(质量分数)范围内出现最小值,但其对Fe含量不敏感;经时效处理后,合金的电学性能得到明显改善,即电阻率升高、TCR下降、对铜热电势下降。总体而言,Al含量对该精密电阻合金力学和电学性能均有显著影响,而Fe的作用主要体现在对电阻温度系数的调控方面。本研究结合晶粒尺寸、微观结构在热处理过程中的变化以及元素的核外电子分布等特点,讨论了成分和热处理导致合金力学和电学性能改变的内在机理,该研究结果对于Ni-Cr-Al-Fe精密电阻合金的成分、工艺和性能的优化具有重要的实用价值。     

Sr对6063铝合金组织和性能的影响北大核心CSCD

通过电磁感应炉制备了含锶6063铝合金,对制备的试样采用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、硬度测试、拉伸测试研究Sr含量对6063铝合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:Sr元素的加入可以细化合金的铸态组织,改变组织形貌。当Sr含量为0.20%时,细化效果最好,合金其力学性能最优。随着Sr含量的增加,6063铝合金出现新相Al4Sr,随着组织中Al4Sr相增多,Mg2Si相的析出减少,减弱了对合金的强化效果,合金的力学性能呈下降趋势。     

Al对Pb-Mg合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和力学性能测试研究了Al对Pb-Mg合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加5%～10%的Al后,合金组织中出现了胞状Mg+Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,对其它组织的生长起到了关键的制约作用,合金的显微组织得到细化,且Al含量越高,合金组织越细;随Al含量的增加,合金的硬度与抗拉强度也提高,Al含量为10%时合金的硬度与抗拉强度分别达到156HB和300MPa.     

钨精矿粉掺杂Fe-Al合金激光引燃自蔓延合金组织及性能

在钨精矿粉质量分数为1％前提下,通过改变Al原子分数,分别为50％、60％、70％、80％,对其粉末进行压制,进而将压坯激光点火,使其发生自蔓延合成反应生成Fe-Al合金,利用XRD、SEM、EDX、硬度测试、磨损测试等表征手段,分析研究了掺杂定量的钨精矿粉后,不同Fe、Al配比对烧结Fe-Al合金微观组织结构及宏观性能的影响.结果表明:在烧结过程中,压坯实现了自蔓延烧结.产物物相主要为AlFe、AlFe3、WO3、AlCrFe2等,且随着Al含量的增加,形成了富Al相.烧结Fe-Al合金组织随着Al含量的增加,伴随微小裂纹产生.当Al含量达到60％时,烧结Fe-Al合金显微硬度最大,达到HK1053;磨损率最低,为0.04 mg·mm-2.     

Sn对时效态ZM61镁合金高温力学性能的影响

利用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高温拉伸对时效态ZM61-xSn(x=0,6,8,10,质量分数/%,下同)合金的高温拉伸性能及断裂机制进行了研究。结果表明:ZM61-xSn(x=6,8,10)合金的物相由α-Mg,α-Mn,MgZn2,Mg2Sn相组成。添加Sn元素可有效细化ZM61合金组织,提高合金高温强度,但降低合金塑性。ZM61-xSn(x=6,8,10)合金在300℃下拉伸的抗拉强度分别为149,140,145MPa,较相同温度下拉伸的ZM61合金的抗拉强度分别提高了26%,17%,23%。ZM61-xSn(x=0,6,8,10)合金在300℃下拉伸的伸长率分别为39.95%,5.65%,7.01%和6.33%。拉伸温度对ZM61-xSn(x=6,8,10)合金的断裂机制产生显著影响。当拉伸温度低于220℃,合金为穿晶断裂;高于220℃时,合金变为沿晶断裂。     

FeCrMnNiTix高熵合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

将Fe,Cr,Mn,Ni和Ti 5种金属纳米粉体经行星式球磨机混合后,采用真空熔铸法制备FeCrMnNiTi,FeCrMnNiTi_0.5,FeCrMnNi 3种高熵合金。为研究这3种合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,运用电化学工作站测定3种合金在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的开路电位、极化曲线和交流阻抗,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对腐蚀后的合金进行微观组织观察。电化学测试结果表明:当FeCrMnNiTi合金的自腐蚀电位为-0.301 V时,FeCrMnNiTi_0.5合金的自腐蚀电位为-0.443 V;腐蚀产物形貌观察表明:FeCrMnNiTi_0.5以晶界腐蚀为主,另外2种合金以点蚀为主。由此得出结论:FeCrMnNiTi耐蚀性最好,FeCrMnNiTi_0.5耐蚀性最差;加入Ti可能造成了合金晶格畸变。     

Gd对Mg-x Gd-1Er-1Zn-0.6Zr合金显微组织和腐蚀行为的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用重力铸造法制备Gd含量分别为7%(质量分数,下同),9%和11%的Mg-x Gd-1Er-1Zn-0.6Zr合金,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等研究合金的显微组织,通过开路电位、动电位极化和电化学阻抗测试等方法研究合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:当Gd含量从7%增至11%时,开路电位峰值时间从1609 s降为851 s,电荷转移电阻从588.5Ω降至31.9Ω,腐蚀电流密度从2.21×10^(-5)A/cm^(2)增至3.97×10^(-5)A/cm^(2),说明随着Gd含量的增加,合金耐蚀性下降,这主要归因于第二相的微电偶腐蚀效应和腐蚀屏障效应共同作用。当Gd含量从7%增至11%时,(Mg,Zn)_(3)(Gd,Er)相体积分数从1.9%增至5.2%,并从沿晶界不连续分布转变为半连续分布,层片状LPSO相体积分数从11.7%增至26.7%,并沿着晶界贯穿晶粒内部,(Mg,Zn)_(3)(Gd,Er)相和层片状LPSO相体积分数的增加导致合金耐腐蚀性能下降,但大量细小层状LPSO相也能阻止腐蚀扩展,使得Gd含量为11%的合金在8~24 h内腐蚀速率增长减缓。     

The influence of manganese addition on mechanical properties of commercial Al‐4Mg casting alloys

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of Al‐Mg‐Si alloys aged to peak hardness with different dispersoid volume fraction. It was found that the tensile strength increases with dispersoid content, for alloys having similar ductility. The effect of an increasingly triaxial stress state on a fracture strain above mentioned alloys were measured using a series of notched tensile specimens whose notch root radius of curvature was changed. The alloy ductility was found to increase with dispersoid content and root radius and to decrease with increased stress triaxiality. The fracture toughness of these alloys was determined as a function of dispersoid content and notch root radius of curvature. It was observed that the fracture toughness increased as the dispersoid content and the notch root radius increased. scanning electron microscope analysis of the fracture surfaces revealed that fracture mechanism was transgranular fracture with dimples formation. It is argued that optimum mechanical properties in these alloys can be achieved at about 0.5 % Mn content.     

Thermostability of Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni Alloy with Trace Scandium and Zirconium

Three Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni-Sc-Zr ingot metallurgy alloys with different compositions had been prepared. The hardness variations of cold-rolled alloy plates during annealing process had been measured. The tensile properties at both ambient and elevated temperatures were also measured. The microstructures of alloys were observed by using optical microscope and TEM. It was found that the dispersed Al3(Sc, Zr) particles could pin dislocations, stabilize substructures and impede the movement of boundaries. The ambient and elevated temperature properties of alloy with Al3(Sc, Zr) particles were improved. And the tensile strength of alloy did not improve obviously with rich iron and nicker addition.     

Y，La改性Ni-10Cr-5Al合金的循环氧化行为研究

通过添加0.1%(质量分数)的单一稀土La和复合稀土Y-La,研究了两种含稀土的Ni-10Cr-5Al(质量分数,%)合金在1 100℃和1 200℃下的高温循环氧化行为。采用热重法并结合X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等,研究了合金的循环氧化动力学、氧化物的物相和组织成分等演变规律,分析了含稀土Ni-10Cr-5Al合金的氧化膜粘附性能在不同氧化温度下的差异及机制。结果表明,在1 100℃时,Ni-10Cr-5Al合金中添加0.1%(质量分数)的La或Y-La,不仅减少了氧化膜的厚度,而且因形成"钉扎"作用提高了氧化膜的粘附性,从而改善了合金的抗循环氧化性能。且复合添加Y-La的效果优于单一添加La的效果。但在1 200℃时,合金沿晶界的内氧化加快,反而恶化了合金的抗循环氧化性能。     

Si元素对明弧堆焊奥氏体合金组织及耐磨性的影响

为获得以奥氏体为基体且韧性及耐磨性良好的明弧堆焊合金,采用药芯焊丝自保护明弧焊方法制备了以奥氏体为基体的Fe-C-Mn-Cr-Nb-V-Ti系多元耐磨合金,借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及其附属能谱仪等测试手段,研究了Si含量对其组织和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:堆焊合金基体为γ-Fe,硬质相有(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_(23)C_6,(Nb,Ti)C和(Fe,Cr)_3(C,B)等;当堆焊合金含1.5%Si(质量分数)时,出现了沿晶(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_7C_3相;随着Si含量提高,沿晶界分布的(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_(23)C_6型碳化物数量先增加然后减少,形态从树枝骨架状变为层片状离散孤立分布,胞状γ-Fe晶内原位析出的(Nb,Ti,V)C复合碳化物随之增大,堆焊合金耐磨性呈先提高后下降再提高的趋势;0.9%Si和1.5%Si堆焊合金试样的磨损质量损失低于一般高铬铸铁,具有良好的耐磨性和韧性,其磨损机制主要为磨粒的显微切削。     

HA改性短切碳纤维/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混的方法,制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-短切碳纤维（C_f）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料, 研究了HA对HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响. 采用万能材料试验机测试了HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)分析测试手段对材料的组成结构及断面的微观形貌等进行了测试和表征. 结果表明,采用卵磷脂改性后的HA纳米片与PMMA基体的界面结合性能得到了有效改善,显著提高了复合材料的力学性能;随着HA含量的增加,HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲模量和拉伸模量均呈先增大后减小的趋势. 当HA含量在8wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳.     

Comparative study on microstructures and mechanical properties of the heat-treated Al–5.0Cu–0.6Mn–xFe alloys prepared by gravity die casting and squeeze casting

The Al–5.0 wt% Cu–0.6 wt% Mn alloys with different Fe contents were prepared by gravity die casting and squeeze casting. The difference in microstructures and mechanical properties of the T5 heat-treated alloys was examined by tensile test, optical microscopy, deep etching technique, scanning electron microscope and electron probe micro-analyzer. The results show that both β-Fe and α (CuFe) are observed in T5 heat-treated gravity die cast alloy and only α (CuFe) appears in the squeeze cast alloy when the Fe content is 0.5 wt%. When the Fe content is more than 1.0 wt%, the main Fe-rich intermetallics is α (CuFe) in both squeeze cast and gravity die cast alloys. The mechanical properties of both the gravity die cast and squeeze cast alloys decrease gradually with the increase of Fe content due to the decreased volume fraction of precipitation particles, the increased volume fraction of Fe-rich intermetallics and the increased size of α (Al) dendrites. The squeeze cast alloys with different Fe contents have superior mechanical properties compared to the gravity die cast alloys, which is mainly attributed to the reduction of porosity and refinement of Fe-rich intermetallics and α (Al) dendrite. In particularly, the elongation of the squeeze cast alloys is less sensitive to the Fe content than that of the gravity die cast alloys. An elongation level of 13.7% is obtained in squeeze cast alloy even when the Fe content is as high as 1.5%, while that of the gravity die cast alloy is only 5.3%.     

Dealloying corrosion of anodic and nanometric Mg41Nd5 in solid solution-treated Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy

The microstructure and chemical compositions of the solid solution-treated Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy were characterized using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion behaviour of the alloy was investigated via electrochemical polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),hydrogen evolution test and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that the microstructure of the as-extruded Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy contained α-Mg matrix and nanometric second phase Mg41 Nd5.The grain size of the alloy increased significantly with the increase in the heat-treatment duration,whereas the volume fraction of the second phase decreased after the solid solution treatment.The surface film was composed of oxides(Nd2O3,MgO,Li2O and ZnO)and carbonates(MgCO3 and Li2CO3),in addition to Nd.The as-extruded alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance after an initial soaking of 10 min,whereas the alloy with 4h-solution-treatment possessed the lowest corrosion rate after a longer immersion(1 h).This can be attributed to the formation of Nd-containing oxide film on the alloys and a dense corrosion product layer.The dealloying corrosion of the second phase was related to the anodic Mg41Nd5 with a more negative Volta potential relative to α-Mg phase.The preferential corrosion of Mg41Nd5 is proven by in-situ observation and SEM.The solid solution treatment of Mg-3Nd-1Li-0.2Zn alloy led to a shift in corrosion type from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion under long-term exposure.