42CrMo钢亚动态再结晶行为研究

利用双道次热压缩的方法,研究了42CrMo钢在高温变形道次间隔时间内奥氏体的亚动态再结晶行为。基于试验结果,建立了42CrMo钢的亚动态再结晶动力学模型。讨论了工艺参数对亚动态再结晶晶粒大小的影响规律。结果表明,42CrMo钢很容易发生亚动态再结晶,道次间隔时间越长,材料软化程度增大,亚动态再结晶越明显。随着变形温度的升高、应变速率的增大,完全亚动态再结晶所需时间迅速减少;将亚动态再结晶动力学模型的预测结果与试验结果进行比较,二者吻合较好;变形温度越低、应变速率越大,亚动态再结晶晶粒越小。相同形变条件下,亚动态再结晶晶粒明显细于静态再结晶晶粒。     

GCr15钢双道次热变形过程的元胞自动机模拟

建立了一类双道次热变形过程的二维元胞自动机模型。模型综合考虑了热变形过程涉及的动态再结晶、静态回复、静态再结晶、亚动态再结晶和晶粒长大等单个的物理现象。利用模型对GCr15钢的双道次热压缩过程进行了模拟,讨论了变形温度、应变速率、初始晶粒尺寸、第一道次变形量以及道次间隔时间对微观组织演变、流变应力行为和再结晶动力学的影响。将模拟结果和已获得的实验结果进行比较,吻合较好。     

热变形对含铌奥氏体不锈钢07Cr18Ni11Nb再结晶行为的影响

采用热模拟压缩及中试热轧的试验方法,研究了热变形对含铌奥氏体不锈钢07Cr18Ni11Nb再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:热压缩变形时,试验钢再结晶程度随变形温度、变形量的升高以及变形后保温时间的延长逐渐增大;变形温度越高、变形量越大,发生再结晶所需的保温时间越短;保温时间越长,再结晶晶粒长大越明显;轧制变形时,热轧板1/4厚度处更容易发生再结晶,随着轧制温度和变形量的升高,1050 ℃轧制变形25%时可在全厚度获得完全再结晶组织。     

SA508-3钢初始晶粒度对热变形后微观组织的作用规律

为研究初始晶粒度对SA508-3钢热变形后微观组织的作用规律,将Φ10mm×15mm圆柱形试样置于电阻加热炉中加热并保温不同时间,以获得不同的初始晶粒度。运用面积法测得保温0min、30min和60min后的微观组织晶粒尺寸分别为650μm、950μm和1200μm。设计并进行了楔形试样高温镦粗实验,研究了SA508-3钢不同初始晶粒度在热变形过程中的动态再结晶体积分数和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸的演化规律。结果表明,当楔形试样压下率为50%时,不同初始晶粒尺寸对发生完全动态再结晶的临界应变有较大影响,初始晶粒尺寸越大,发生完全动态再结晶的临界应变越大。当动态再结晶完全发生时,3种不同初始晶粒尺寸对应的热变形后平均晶粒尺寸分别约为70μm、73μm和75μm。表明当变形量超过临界应变促使发生完全动态再结晶时,初始晶粒尺寸基本不影响热变形后的晶粒尺寸。     

铸态42CrMo钢高温拉伸变形中工艺参数和动态再结晶对空洞演化的影响及微观损伤机理分析北大核心CSCD

用热模拟实验机对铸态42CrMo钢进行高温拉伸实验,分析了断口及断口附近的微观组织、空洞演化与温度、应变速率及应变之间的关系,探讨了工艺参数和动态再结晶行为对空洞演化的影响,研究了铸态42CrMo钢的微观损伤机理。结果表明:铸态42CrMo钢的变形温度控制在1423~1473 K,并控制应变速率和应变,可以抑制高温拉伸变形中的空洞萌生、长大和聚集;发生动态再结晶行为时,微空洞不易形核和长大,空洞之间聚集的间距减小,增加了断裂应变;铸态42CrMo钢高温拉伸变形过程中,氧化硅、硫化锰、氧化铝和氧化钙等夹杂物的脱落或破裂导致空洞形核,且马氏体晶粒之间也可形核。     

42CrMo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒长大演化规律

对42CrMo钢在不同加热温度(850~1150℃)和保温时间(0~1200 s)下的奥氏体晶粒长大规律进行了研究。采用金相定量法对加热后材料的奥氏体晶粒度进行测量,建立42CrMo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒长大演化模型。结果表明:奥氏体晶粒尺寸随加热温度升高呈指数关系长大,随保温时间的延长呈近似抛物线形式长大;利用基于唯象理论的Sellars模型,通过非线性回归方法建立42CrMo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒长大演化模型;将该模型导入有限元软件中预报42Cr Mo钢加热时奥氏体晶粒变化,预报结果与实验结果吻合,验证了该模型的正确性。     

SA508Gr.4N钢的亚动态再结晶行为

采用Gleeble-1500D型热力模拟试验机对不同初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的SA508Gr.4N钢,在变形温度1050~1250℃、应变速率0.001~0.1 s~(-1),道次间隔保温时间120~300 s进行双道次热压缩变形试验。研究了SA508Gr.4N钢的亚动态再结晶行为。结果表明:在本试验变形条件范围内,两种不同初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的SA508Gr.4N钢均能发生亚动态再结晶。初始奥氏体晶粒直径越细小,SA508Gr.4N钢越易发生动态再结晶。变形道次间隔时间越长,亚动态再结晶就越显著。亚动态再结晶分数随着变形温度的升高以及初始奥氏体晶粒直径的增加而增大。     

42CrMo钢加热过程中的奥氏体晶粒尺寸演变

通过金相试验方法测定42CrMo钢在890~930 ℃下保温10~240 min后的晶粒尺寸。结果表明,42CrMo钢在加热到试验温度890~930 ℃时已经完全奥氏体化,保温过程中的晶粒生长属于正常生长;加热温度对晶粒尺寸的影响较大,保温时间对晶粒尺寸的影响较小;随保温时间的延长晶粒生长缓慢,晶粒尺寸与保温时间满足指数小于1的函数关系。基于试验数据,通过线性回归得到晶粒长大的Beck模型参数,通过非线性回归得到Sellars和Anelli模型参数,3个模型的预测精度都较好,而Anelli模型的适用性要高于Beck模型和Sellars模型,故在预测42CrMo钢的奥氏体晶粒长大规律时宜使用Anelli模型。     

形变组织对水电用高强度贝氏体钢再加热奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

对某水电用800 MPa调质贝氏体高强钢进行了热变形-热处理晶粒长大的实验室联合试验。采用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对钢试样进行不同工艺热压缩变形后冷却至室温,随后对试样进行模拟淬火再加热,在900～1200℃不同温度和保温时间条件下奥氏体化,研究热变形组织的差异对重新奥氏体化晶粒长大的影响规律。结果表明,不同应变速率(0.01～10 s^-1)、变形温度(900～1150℃)和60%工程应变下,试验钢获得的变形组织大致可分为3类：带有明显变形特征的组织、均匀细小的完全再结晶组织和已长大粗化的再结晶组织。3类组织再加热过程中其晶粒长大趋势基本相同,起始晶粒尺寸越大则最终奥氏体晶粒尺寸越大;但在950℃等温时,带有明显变形特征组织的变形试样奥氏体晶粒先缓慢长大后又迅速长大粗化。经评估验证,所建立的Sellars模型、Beck模型和Hillert模型晶粒长大动力学方程对于试验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大行为均有比较满意的预测效果。3类变形组织对应的Hillert模型及Sellars模型中奥氏体长大激活能基本相同,说明同一成分钢种的初始组织的差异并未显著影响晶粒长大机制...     

形变温度对42CrMo钢塑性成形与动态再结晶的影响

以热物理模拟试验为基础,得到42CrMo钢发生动态再结晶的数学模型。采用热-力耦合的弹塑性有限元法对42CrMo钢圆柱试样的热变形过程进行了数值模拟,讨论了形变温度对42CrMo钢塑性成形与动态再结晶的影响。模拟结果表明,热变形过程中,试样各部位变形不均,心部的等效应变最大,变形不均匀性在950℃附近达到最大值;试样各部位的等效应力大小分布不均,其最大值在低温时一般出现在心部与粘着区/自由变形区的交界处,高温时一般出现在粘着区;动态再结晶分数随着形变温度升高而增大,当形变温度较低、压下量较大时也会发生较大程度的动态再结晶;试样各部位的动态再结晶晶粒大小分步不均,再结晶晶粒随形变温度升高而迅速粗化。     

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of microstructure evolution in a three-dimensional hot upsetting process

The hot compression tests of 42CrMo steel were performed in the temperature range of 850–1150 °C at strain rates of 0.01–10 s^?1 and deformation degrees of 10–60% on Gleeble-1500 thermo-simulation machine. The optical microstructures in the center region of the section plane were examined. Based on the results from thermo-simulation experiments and metallographic analysis, the dynamic recrystallization mathematical models of 42CrMo steel were derived. The effects of processing parameters, including the strain rate and deformation temperature, on the microstructure evolution of 42CrMo steel hot upsetting process were discussed by integrating the thermo-mechanical coupled finite element method with the derived microstructure evolution models. The fraction of dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recrystallization grain sizes during the hot upsetting process of 42CrMo steel were predicted. The results show that the effects of strain rates and deformation temperatures on the microstructure evolution of 42CrMo steel hot upsetting process are significant, and a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results was obtained, which confirmed that the derived dynamic recrystallization mathematical models can be successfully incorporated into the finite element model to predict the microstructure evolution of hot upsetting process for 42CrMo steel.     

Prediction of static recrystallization in a multi-pass hot deformed low-alloy steel using artificial neural network

The static recrystallization behaviors in 42CrMo steel were investigated by isothermal interrupted hot compression tests. Based on the experimental results, an efficient artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the flow stress and static recrystallized fractions. The effects of the deformation temperature, strain rate and deformation degree, as well as initial grain sizes, on the static recrystallization behaviors in two-pass hot compressed 42CrMo steel were investigated by the experiments and ANN model. A very good correlation between the experimental and predicted results from the developed ANN model has been obtained, which indicates that the excellent capability of the developed ANN model to predict the flow stress level and static recrystallization behaviors in two-pass hot deformed 42CrMo steel. The effects of strain rate, deformation temperature and degree of deformation on the static recrystallization behaviors are significant, while those of the initial austenite grain size are slight.     

AG700L钢亚动态再结晶行为研究

AG700L钢主要应用于汽车大梁等重要承重结构件。通过在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上采用双道次压缩试验,研究了AG700L钢在应变速率为0.01～2 s^-1、变形温度为950～1 050℃、道次间隔时间为10～120 s不同条件下的亚动态再结晶行为。结果表明：AG700L钢道次间隔内亚动态再结晶行为受变形温度、应变速率和道次间隔时间的影响显著;随变形温度的升高,亚动态再结晶体积分数先缓慢增加,然后迅速增加;随应变速率的增加,亚动态再结晶体积分数先迅速增加,然后趋于平稳;随道次间隔时间的增加,亚动态再结晶体积分数明显增加。随变形温度的升高、应变速率的增加以及道次间隔时间的延长,变形后AG700L钢的晶粒尺寸显著增加,组织变得更加均匀。同时,建立了AG700L钢的亚动态再结晶动力学模型,为其实际生产轧制工艺的制定与优化提供了依据。     

Study of metadynamic recrystallization behaviors in a low alloy steel

The metadynamic recrystallization behaviors in deformed 42CrMo steel were investigated by isothermal interrupted hot compression tests on Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical simulator. Compression tests were performed using double hit schedules at temperatures of (850–1150) °C, strain rates of (0.01–1) s^?1 and inter-stage delay time of (1–50) s. The kinetic equations have been proposed to predict the metadynamic recrystallization behaviors in hot compressed 42CrMo steel. Comparisons between the experimental and predicted results were carried out. Results show that the effects of deformation parameters, including strain rate and deformation temperature, on the softening behaviors in the two-pass hot deformed 42CrMo steel are significant. However, the deformation degree (beyond the peak strain) has little influence on the metadynamic recrystallization behaviors in 42CrMo steel. The predicted results well agree with the experimental ones, which indicate that the proposed kinetic equations can give a precise estimate of the softening behaviors and microstructural evolution for the hot deformed 42CrMo steel.     

锻造方式对7075铝合金锻件动态再结晶的影响

利用金相(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)对7075铝合金热变形显微组织进行了观察。实验表明：在热锻条件下，7075铝合金完全可以发生动态再结晶并通过动态再结晶产生细小的再结晶晶粒。动态再结晶的方式为不连续动态再结晶，形核机制为亚晶转动、聚合形核；其临界应变值和加工道次有关，道次越多，临界值越低。在相同Z值下，再结晶晶粒尺寸随着应变的增加而减小。弥散的第二相粒子在动态再结晶过程中起了重要作用。     

A study of the effect of the deformation parameters on recrystallization behavior in the rod rolling process

Rod rolling is a process in which the deformation of the workpiece between the work rolls is quite different from the rod drawing process, but the area strains (natural logarithm of area reduction ratio) multiplied by a constant have been used in the calculation of the pass-by-pass evolution of austenite grain size in rod (or bar) rolling without any verification. Considering that the deformation parameters (strain and strain rate) at a given pass play a crucial role in determining recrystallization behavior, the calculation method for the deformation parameters associated with rod rolling should be examined. In this study, a series of numerical simulations has been carried out using an area strain model [5] and an analytic model [6] which calculate the pass-by-pass strain in the rod rolling process, focusing on the effect of the calculation method for the pass-by-pass strain on the recrystallization behavior and evolution of AGS (austenite grain size) during a given pass. These have been investigated for a six-pass rolling sequence (oval-round or round-oval) designed for this study by incorporating the recrystallization and AGS evolution model being widely used in hot rolling. It was found that the recrystallization behavior and evolution of AGS during a given pass were significantly influenced by the calculation methods for deformation parameters. The area strain model lacks mathematical grounds to be used as input to the equations for recrystallization and AGS evolution.     

300M钢动态再结晶动力学

基于等温恒应变速率压缩实验,对300M钢在变形温度为850℃～1180℃、应变速率为0.01s-1～10s-1条件下的热变形行为,及其动态再结晶动力学行为进行研究。结果表明,当ln Z>33.37时,300M钢应力-应变曲线呈双峰不连续动态再结晶型,热变形过程发生两轮动态再结晶;当ln Z<33.37时,300M钢的应力-应变曲线呈单峰不连续动态再结晶型,热变形过程仅发生一轮动态再结晶。根据压缩实验结果,分别构建300M钢第一轮动态再结晶和第二轮动态再结晶的峰值应变、临界应变、平均晶粒尺寸和体积分数动力学模型。