Fatigue behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete

The results of an experimental investigation on the fatigue characteristics and residual strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) are reported. The testing program included flexural specimens as well as split-cylinders and cubes reinforced with two fiber types at a low volume content. One of the fibers was of the deformed slit-sheet type available at aspect ratios of 45 and 60. It is shown that SFRC has a better fatigue response than plain concrete and that the deformed slit-sheet fiber has an effect almost identical to hooked-end fiber of similar dimensions. There is no increase in residual strength measured by split-tension when specimens are subjected to fatigue stress above the endurance limit. Fatigue characteristics of SFRC from this testing program as well as previous works can be interpreted as a function of the fiber factor (i.e. a parameter accounting for volume fraction, aspect ratio and fiber type) to provide design charts. More experimental work is needed to provide an acceptable database for fatigue design of SFRC.     

再生钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的力学性能

采用来自于废旧轮胎的两种再生钢纤维制备含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土,并测定其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、断裂能和静弹性模量等力学性能,空白组及普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土作对比性能试验。结果显示,未附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维使超高性能混凝土的抗压强度略微下降,降低幅度为3.91%,其余各类型钢纤维均有利于提高超高性能混凝土的力学性能;而附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维显著提高了超高性能混凝土的断裂能,约为普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的4倍。此外,再生钢纤维对超高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和静弹性模量的提高效果均优于普通钢纤维。再生钢纤维,尤其是附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维,可以作为一种增韧材料替代普通钢纤维应用到超高性能混凝土工程结构中。      

钢纤维混凝土动态抗拉强度的实验研究

基于线弹性和一维应力波假定,采用Φ75mmSHPB对钢纤维体积率Vf分别为0、0.75%和1.50%的三种混凝土材料进行了一维杆层裂实验,考虑了应力波在混凝土材料内传播时的波形弥散效应和应力幅值衰减,通过计算应变片记录的应力信号确定了材料的动态抗拉强度。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土的动态抗拉强度受应变率和钢纤维体积率的影响,本文为测试脆性材料的动态抗拉强度提供了一种有效方法。基于微观扫描技术,对钢纤维增强机理进行了分析。     

钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁柱节点模型化方法研究

为研究钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁柱节点抗震性能数值模拟方法,基于OpenSEES有限元平台中的梁柱节点单元(beam-column joint element, BCJE)模型,通过修正模型中剪切块和钢筋滑移弹簧的参数修正方法,提出适用于钢筋钢纤维混凝土梁柱节点的数值模型,并基于6个梁柱节点的拟静力试验结果进行模型验证分析,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,提出的数值模型能够较精确地反映节点滞回行为。在此基础上,分析了轴压比、钢纤维体积率和配箍量对梁柱节点抗震性能的影响规律,建立了节点受剪承载力的计算公式。结果表明:掺入钢纤维和增加配箍可明显改善梁柱节点的抗震性能,钢纤维体积率从0.5%增加到2.0%,极限荷载提高了18%;箍筋从1Φ8增加到3Φ8时,极限荷载提高了19.7%。     

钢纤维增韧微膨胀钢管混凝土界面粘结性能研究

进行了30根钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土试件推出试验,系统研究了核心混凝土与管壁的界面粘结性能,阐述了推出试验过程中试件界面粘结破坏特征,并对界面粘结性能的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土界面粘结强度较普通钢管混凝土明显提高。径厚比和含钢率是钢纤维微膨胀钢管混凝土界面粘结强度的主要影响因素。钢纤维的掺加导致微膨胀钢管混凝土界面粘结性能降低,其体积掺量建议不宜超过0.75%。含钢率达到22%时,钢纤维掺量与界面长度对界面粘结性能影响不明显。     

An experimental study on the tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete

This paper deals with steel fiber reinforced concrete mechanical static behaviour and with its classification with respect to fibers content and mix-design variations. A number of experimental tests were conducted to investigate uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength. Different mixtures were prepared varying both mix-design and fiber length. Fibers content in volume was of 1% and 2%. Mechanical characterization was performed by means of uniaxial compression tests with the aim of deriving the ultimate compressive strength of fiber concrete. Four-point bending tests on notched specimens were carried out to derive the first crack strength and the ductility indexes. The tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) was obtained both from an experimental procedure and by using an analytical modelling. The experimental tests showed the different behaviour of SFRC with respect of the different fiber content and length. Based on the experimental results, an analytical model, reported in literature and used for the theoretical determination of direct tensile strength, was applied with the aim of making a comparison with experimental results. The comparison showed good overall agreement.     

Influence of fiber chemical coating on the acoustic emission behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete

The current study focuses on the effect of chemical coating on the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics monitored during the fracture process in steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Different shapes of chemically treated and un-treated steel fibers are used to create specimens which are subjected to four point bending up to failure. Sensitive AE indices demonstrate that the coating gives distinct characteristics to the interface bonding between the fiber and the concrete matrix, which are evident mainly during the pull-out stage, after the moment of macroscopic crack formation. Specifically, AE average frequency and RA value, which defines the rising angle of the waveforms indicate that coating results in extensive matrix cracking in addition to the friction between fiber and concrete which characterizes the uncoated fibers. AE analysis can be used for interpretation of the fracturing stage and characterization of the fracture mode. It is shown that the surface conditioning of the fibers leaves a clear fingerprint on the AE signals, shedding light into the processes that occur during failure in SFRC.     

Characterization of fiber orientation in short fiber reinforced composites with an image processing technique

An experimental method is developed to measure the three-dimensional fiber orientation in short fiber reinforced composites by utilizing an image processing technique. The second order orientation tensor can be calculated with geometrical data that were obtained from two parallel planar cross-sections. The orientation state of individual fibers is determined from the geometry of the elliptical cross-sectional shape on the polished surface. The basic concept in determining the three-dimensional fiber orientation tensor is to slice the composite sample twice in the same direction within a small distance. The tensor is determined by using a digital image processing technique and a computational code which calculates the tensor from the geometrical characteristics obtained for the elliptical fiber cross-sections. Experiments are performed to measure the three-dimensional orientation tensor of composite specimens and good results are obtained by using the method proposed in this study Electronic Publication     

A method for optimal design of steel fiber reinforced concrete composition

Existing design approaches for steel fiber reinforced concrete composition practically do not consider the interaction between the concrete components. It decreases the design efficiency and accuracy. The paper deals with methodology for design of optimal steel fibered fine-grained concrete composition based on stiff mixtures. Such concrete is used for production of thin walled precise elements. The current investigation enables to find the influence of the main factors (water–cement ratio, fiber content, fineness and quantity of sand) on the concrete mixture stiffness, compressive and flexural strength of concrete. The study has also enabled to obtain corresponding mathematical models of concrete properties. Based on the models a methodology for design of steel fibered concrete was developed and appropriate nomograms were prepared. The proposed methodology allows obtaining of optimal steel fibered fine-grained concrete composition, taking into account the required flexural strength of concrete, sand fineness and concrete mixture workability.     

Toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete under mode II loading

The toughness indices of fiber reinforced concrete under Mode II loading effects are rarely reported due to lack of information on standard testing procedures. However, the direct shear test with improvement over JSCE-SF6 method is generally accepted to study Mode II fracture parameters. In this paper, experimental investigations to determine the fracture properties and toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) under Mode II loading are reported. Straight steel fibers of length 25 mm with an aspect ratio of 44.6 were randomly distributed in concrete with varying fiber volume fractions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. A symmetrical Mode II loading set up was designed to achieve an ideal shear failure. It has been observed that the failure was due essentially to shear (Mode II) fracture without secondary flexural cracking. Plain concrete failed at a low equivalent shear strain of 0.5%, while the addition of steel fibers improved the shear strains up to as much as 8.0%. The shear strength and the shear toughness of concrete with the addition of steel fibers have been improved very significantly. As the volume fraction of fibers increases, the shear strength increases up to an optimum volume fraction, beyond which there has been no improvement on the shear strength. However, the toughness indices determined in Mode II loading (shear) have been observed to be about 15 times as high as that under Mode I loading (flexure).     

Experimental investigation of steel fiber reinforced concrete box beams under bending

Reduction of dead weight of a reinforced-concrete (RC) structure without too much concession in its load carrying capacity has always been an attractive study subject because it engenders (1) a decrease in dimensions of the members, (2) a decrease in the reinforcement steel, and (3) a decrease in lateral inertia forces during severe earthquakes. In this study, nine RC beams of outer dimensions of 300 × 300 × 2000 mm, six of which are box beams, designed and produced using a C20 class steel fiber concrete, (SFRC) with the commonly used steel fiber type of Dramix-RC-80/0.60-BN at a dosage of 30 kg/m³, are tested under bending. The mechanical behaviours of all these nine beams under bending are recorded from the beginning of the test till the ultimate failure of the tensile reinforcement in a two-point beam-loading setup. The proportions of (1) loss in ultimate load versus reduction in dead weight and (2) (ultimate experimental load)/(ultimate theoretical load) of the SFRC box beams are determined for two different box thicknesses. Dimensionless behaviour relationships of all the SFRC beams are determined, and the experimentally obtained relationship between the ratio of (actual ultimate load)/(theoretical ultimate load) and the ratio of (wall thickness)/(beam height) for the SFRC box beams is expressed diagrammatically.     

Assessment of factors influencing mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete

In the last decade the steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) has been used in several partially and fully structural applications. This study investigates how the inclusion of steel fibers affects the properties of SFRSCC. For this purpose, an extensive experimental program including different cement contents of 400, 450 and 500 kg/m³, two maximum aggregate sizes of 10 and 20 mm along with steel fiber volume fractions of 0%, 0.38%, 0.64% and 1% was conducted. The water/cement ratio was kept constant at 0.45 for all the mixes studied. Mechanical properties were tested for compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths and modulus of elasticity. The results showed that mixture characteristics and volume fraction of steel fibers can significantly affect these major properties. Furthermore, this study represents extensive comparisons using database that have been gathered from a wide variety of international sources reported by many researchers and data obtained experimentally, which came up with about some discrepancies in the results.     

钢纤维混凝土遮弹层抗弹丸侵彻效应试验研究与分析

钢纤维混凝土遮弹层抗常规武器侵彻效应问题,是防护工程界亟待解决的一个崭新课题。为研究这种新型防护材料的抗侵彻性能,利用Φ12.7mm弹道炮-测速靶系统对混凝土及钢纤维混凝土进行了弹道冲击对比试验,获得了弹丸着靶速度及对应的最大侵彻深度、弹坑直径、靶体破坏形态等试验参数,并利用高速摄影系统记录了靶体的动态破坏过程。针对现有经验公式均不能反映钢纤维混凝土材料高韧性影响的不足,引入钢纤维混凝土材料韧度R,对试验数据进行了回归分析,导出了侵彻深度工程计算公式。计算结果与试验数据对比表明,预估公式计算精度较高,公式中相关参数简单易于确定,且能反映钢纤维混凝土的高强高韧性特点,在实际工程应用中具有重要的参考价值。     

钢纤维增强超高性能混凝土抗压性能的细观数值模拟

利用LS-DYNA软件在细观层次上建立了三维钢纤维增强超高性能混凝土（Steel fiber reinforced ultra-high performance concrete,SF/UHPC）圆柱体试件有限元模型,对其轴心受压下的力学性能和裂缝发展进行了数值模拟。在验证细观数值模型的有效性和合理性的基础上进行参数分析,着重研究了钢纤维体积率、钢纤维长径比、形状效应和尺寸效应对超高性能钢纤维混凝土抗压强度、韧性和破坏形态的影响。最终,根据模拟结果拟合了超高性能钢纤维混凝土抗压强度计算公式。结果表明：三维超高性能钢纤维混凝土细观模型可以较好地模拟单轴受压应力条件下混凝土的静力性能和损伤破坏机制,所拟合的公式也能较好地预测超高性能钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度。     

超高性能混凝土装配整体式框架梁柱节点抗震性能研究

超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concretre,UHPC)是一种新型材料,具有抗拉、抗压强度高、开裂后应变硬化等特点,在装配式结构领域具有较为广阔的应用前景。为了明确UHPC在单轴循环荷载下的受力性能并提出适合的本构关系,通过大量的试验建立循环荷载下UHPC的本构模型,设计具有不同钢纤维掺量的棱柱体和狗骨直拉试件,开展不同加载制度的单轴压缩试验,分析试验结果以明确钢纤维掺量、养护方式和加载制度对UHPC单轴拉压力学性能的影响情况。试验结果表明,在受压方面,钢纤维体积含量为2%的UHPC峰值压应变明显高于钢纤维体积含量为1%和3%的UHPC峰值压应变。各UHPC试件的弹性模量明显大于普通混凝土的弹性模量。在受拉方面,UHPC呈现出一定的应变硬化现象,且达到峰值后拉应力下降较为缓慢,展现出一定的受拉延性。钢纤维体积含量和蒸养处理对UHPC试件的抗拉强度有明显的提高作用。最后,在试验数据的基础上,提出了UHPC受压和受拉的骨架曲线和滞回准则,并拟合了卸载(再加载)的计算公式,可用于有限元计算中UHPC的基本本构方程。

     

Effect of mineral admixtures and steel fiber volume contents on the behavior of high performance fiber reinforced concrete

High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC) is a structural material with advanced mechanical properties. The structural design of HPFRC members is based on the post-cracking residual strength provided by the addition into the mix of the fibers. Moreover, the addition of different types of mineral admixtures influences the overall behavior of this material. In order to optimize the performance of HPFRC in structural members, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties and the post-cracking behavior in a reliable way. As a result, an experimental study on six different sets of HPFRC specimens was carried out. The main parameters that varied were the fiber volume content and the types of mineral addition. The behavior in compression, in flexural tension and the shrinkage properties were evaluated and critically analyzed in order to give a guide for structural use.The results showed that by adding high fiber volume content and the Algerian blast furnace slag into the mix, the HPFRC material obtained has a very good performance and it is suitable for use in practice.     

钢纤维混凝土局部增强桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为分析钢纤维体积率、钢纤维混凝土增强区域长度以及配箍率等因素对钢纤维混凝土桥墩抗震性能的影响,对考虑以上三个设计参量的八个桥墩试件进行了低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,并探讨了钢纤维混凝土桥墩试件破坏形态、滞回特性、骨架曲线、延性性能和耗能能力等抗震性能。结果表明：钢纤维体积率为1.0%的桥墩试件较其他体积率的试件承载力更大,滞回曲线相对更加饱满,延性性能更好;钢纤维可以代替部分箍筋作用,在较低配箍率下保持良好的抗震能力;在桥墩潜在塑性铰区域局部合理地采用钢纤维混凝土,可达到与桥墩整体采用钢纤维混凝土相近的极限承载力、刚度、延性和耗能能力。最后提出了简化计算公式用以估算在单柱式桥墩中局部使用钢纤维混凝土的合理长度,并通过试验结果验证了其精度。     

Cracking characteristics of reinforced steel fiber concrete beams under short- and long-term loadings

In this paper, an analytical method for the prediction of maximum crack width in reinforced steel fiber concrete (SFC) beams under short-term loading is first presented. The method accounts for the enhanced cracking strength, restraint against crack growth, and reduced tensile steel strains due to the presence of steel fibers. Based on a correlation analysis, a semiempirical formula for the long-term crack widths in reinforced SFC beams under sustained loads is also proposed. Tests were carried out on 10 beams to investigate the effect of steel fiber content on the cracking characteristics in both the short- and long-term. The results indicated that the use of steel fibers greatly reduced the maximum crack widths in reinforced concrete beams. Good agreement was generally obtained between the analytical predictions and test results.