基于数据链路优化裁决与网络预编码的WSN MAC优化算法

无线传感器网络数据链路层协议难以预测数据汇聚链路,且未引用预编码机制,导致其存在严重传输抖动。为此,提出一种新的无线传感网MAC优化算法。结合链路探测时间及网络链路接收信号强度指示器值的方式构建瞬时搜寻窗口,通过该瞬时搜寻窗口对当前网络链路状况进行匹配及评估分组投递情况,从而提高其对突发链路波动异常的反馈速度。基于评估链路稳定性,定义数据传输规则,采取自适应匹配实现在瞬时搜寻窗口内的数据稳定传输。引入网络预编码,改善网络节点及链路的利用效率,优化数据传输流程,有效增加数据链路节点的编码机会,以减缓网络中的流量峰值对中继节点的影响,实现网络数据在MAC层中的高效稳定传输。测试结果表明,与MAC算法进行对比,该算法具有较高的单位时间数据吞吐率,且拥塞节点数量更少,数据分组投递延时水平更低。     

无线mesh传感器网络跨层路由算法

针对无线mesh传感器网络的需求,提出一种综合量度的跨层路由协议H工.S。算法H工S利用底层的链路质 量信息、MAC层时隙分配信息,结合跳数对备选路径做出综合判断,避开质量较差的链路和负载较重的节点。路由发 现过程中在中间节点设置链路质量和节点负载阂值,并根据相关信息进行延时转发操作,以减少不必要的路由开销。 在路由维护阶段使用主动和被动相结合的方式全面检测路由路径。NS2的仿真结果表明,HLS协议在吞吐量、端到 端时延以及网络生存时间上有更好的表现。     

一种能量延时优化的无线传感器网络信息分发策略

研究无线传感网络中的信息分发问题,结合复杂动态网络信息传播模型理论,提出一种能量和延时优化的信息分发策略(energy and delay optimized information dissemination strategy, EDOIDS)。该算法无需节点定位信息和网络拓扑信息,立足信息传播逐步向外扩展的动力学特性,利用接收节点的接收端信号功率强度指示(RSSD估计接收节点与发送节点的相对距离,建立节点转发优先级,确定MAC层转发时延。该算法在最大化覆盖新区域的同时能够有效降低碰撞,缩短整个系统的传播时延,同时,通过MAC层的监听机制以及复杂网络谣言传播理论,控制节点的转 发权,抑制冗余,降低能耗。     

传感器网络中一种基于梯型休眠调度的MAC协议

如何在提供能量高效数据通信的同时满足必要的延迟需求,是无线传感器网络MAC协议面临的一大挑战。本文提出一种基于梯型休眠调度的MAC协议——LP-MAC,通过安排传输路径上的节点连续转发数据从而消除休眠延时;采用冲突避免机制和基于链路计数器的临时唤醒机制,减少兄弟节点间冲突并增加节点休眠时间,进一步提高协议能量效率。理论分析和模拟实验表明,LP-MAC协议既具有低能耗的协议特性,也能保证较低的稳定的端到端延时。     

一种自适应速率的UWB MAC协议

在超宽带（UWB）通信中,跳时冲激无线电（TH-IR）技术具有系统结构简单、成本低、功率小等优点,得到广泛的研究及应用探索。基于TH-IR UWB技术,提出了一种能够保证链路误码率及传输速率的自适应速率跳时（Rate-Adaptive Time Hopping,RATH）介质访问控制（MAC）协议,该协议利用跳时码管理多用户的信道访问,依据接收节点的信干比控制链路的建立,并采用自适应速率算法调节链路的传输速率。NS2平台下的仿真实验表明,与U-MAC等已有的固定速率协议相比较,RATH MAC协议能够使网络有效吞吐量和传输时延得到明显改善。     

WLAN Mesh网络多信道速率自适应MAC协议

针对多种传输速率的链路共存于同一信道时引发的性能瓶颈,以及单接口多信道网络中接收端忙的问题,在DCF协议的框架内提出一种适用于WLAN Mesh网络的分布式多信道速率自适应媒体控制接入(MAC)协议。该协议允许发送节点的邻居节点通过协作应答的方式告知相应接收节点所处信道,接收节点根据当前信道质量合理选择传输速率和传输信道反馈给发送节点。通过上述机制,将不同传输速率的链路分配在不同的信道上。仿真结果证明,该协议能避免不同传输速率链路之间的相互干扰,解决接收端忙问题。与现有典型多信道速率自适应MAC协议相比,能有效提高网络的总吞吐量。     

针对大规模无线多跳网络的鱼眼机会路由协议

考虑到无线网络中广播特性、丢包特性、节点移动等对网络性能的影响,提出一种针对大规模无线多跳网络的鱼眼机会路由协议。在机会路由的基础上加入鱼眼技术,减少链路状态更新信息。在鱼眼路由表中加入链路传输概率,得到转发列表,并且简化机会路由协议的报文头结构,从而实现高效的数据传输。NS2仿真结果表明,该协议能降低网络端到端延时,提高网络吞吐量。     

太赫兹网络场景下节点移动感知的定向MAC协议

在太赫兹无线个域网中,通常会配备定向天线以延长网络设备数据传输距离,但在使用定向天线时存在节点发现困难、动态场景下节点位置难以预知等问题.针对太赫兹网络场景,基于IEEE802.15.3c高速网络MAC协议标准以及现有太赫兹定向MAC协议,提出一种节点移动感知的定向MAC(NMA-MAC)协议.通过微微网节点位置预知算法计算节点可能移动的位置,并将位置信息通过控制帧携带给其他节点,使节点之间能够更快传递彼此的位置信息.仿真结果表明,相比IEEE802.15.3c标准协议,NMA-MAC协议的吞吐量和传输成功率分别提高13.28％和4.58％,同时控制开销降低30.86％.     

DLSOMAC:一个面向分布式无线链路调度技术的MAC协议

无线网络分布式链路调度技术通过发掘无线传输间的复用达到提高吞吐量的目的. 链路调度策略的形成需要节点间公平地交互含有如节点ID、队列长度等信息的短报文,并且这些短报文同步传输,导致信道拥挤.由于存在信道空闲侦听开销,在拥挤信道中频繁后退,以及隐藏终端和暴露终端的问题,传统的CSMA/CA (Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance)协议传输性能低下,难以为分布式无线链路调度技术服务. 针对链路调度策略形成期间报文短、信道拥挤以及公平性要求的挑战.提出了一个简单的随机MAC (Media access control)协议DLSOMAC (Distributed link scheduling oriented MAC). DLSOMAC协议没有信道侦听过程,以降低短报文的传输延迟开销;基于分布式息票收集算法,均匀分散传输时刻来降低冲撞概率和提高公平性,以满足分布式链路调度技术对MAC层的需求.用排队论分析了DLSOMAC的报文传输延迟性能.仿真实验表明, 在短报文情况下,无论网络负载轻重与否, DLSOMAC协议的报文传输延迟明显优于CSMA/CA,并且报文越短,性能相对越好.即使在长报文的情况下,当网络负载很重时, DLOSMAC协议也稍优于CSMA/CA协议,适合于为自组织网络的分布式链路调度技术服务.     

太赫兹网络场景下节点移动感知的定向MAC协议

在太赫兹无线个域网中,通常会配备定向天线以延长网络设备数据传输距离,但在使用定向天线时存在节点发现困难、动态场景下节点位置难以预知等问题.针对太赫兹网络场景,基于IEEE802.15.3c高速网络MAC协议标准以及现有太赫兹定向MAC协议,提出一种节点移动感知的定向MAC(NMA-MAC)协议.通过微微网节点位置预知算法计算节点可能移动的位置,并将位置信息通过控制帧携带给其他节点,使节点之间能够更快传递彼此的位置信息.仿真结果表明,相比IEEE802.15.3c标准协议,NMA-MAC协议的吞吐量和传输成功率分别提高13.28％和4.58％,同时控制开销降低30.86％.     

A directional MAC protocol with long-range communication ability in ad hoc networks

To address the problem that long-range communication capability in ad hoc networks using directional antenna is not generally utilized,a directional media access control (DMAC) protocol with long-range communication (LRC) capability in ad hoc networks is proposed.In the LRC-DMAC,the intermediate node uses a long-range orientation (LRO) algorithm to help the transmitter obtain the directional information of the receiver which is two hops away.Consequently,the long-range link between such two hops nodes can be set up.According to whether the received power information is available or not,we propose two types of LRO algorithm:without the received power information,a basic LRO obtains the approximate directional informa-tion of the long-range receiver by a geometric relationship;however,the LRO-PI can calculate the accurate directional information of the long-range receiver using the received power.Performance analysis indicates that the LRO algorithm achieves high accuracy when the relevant parameters are properly chosen.Simulation results show that the establishment of long-range links can effectively improve the network throughput and reduce the end-to-end delay.     

On the lifetime of node-to-node communication in wireless ad hoc networks

Lifetime of node-to-node communication in a wireless ad hoc network is defined as the duration that two nodes can communicate with each other. Failure of the two nodes or failure of the last available route between them ends their communication. In this paper, we analyze the maximum lifetime of node-to-node communication in static ad hoc networks when alternative routes that keep the two nodes connected to each other are node-disjoint. We target ad hoc networks with random topology modeled as a random geometric graph. The analysis is provided for (1) networks that support automatic repeat request (ARQ) at the medium access control level and (2) networks that do not support ARQ. On the basis of this analysis, we propose numerical algorithms to predict at each moment of network operation, the maximum duration that two nodes can still communicate with each other. Then, we derive a closed-form expression for the expected value of maximum node-to-node communication lifetime in the network. As a byproduct of our analysis, we also derive upper and lower bounds on the lifetime of node-disjoint routes in static ad hoc networks. We verify the accuracy of our analysis using extensive simulation studies.     

基于表驱动的最佳动态路由代理MANET路由算法

MANET(mobileadhocnetworks)是由无线移动节点动态地构成的一个临时网络,它不需要任何固定的网络基础设施或网络管理中心。由于无线传输的范围有限,因此,一个节点要和另一个节点交换信息可能通过多跳的方式跨越另一个网络。文章在基于路由表驱动的基础上,针对MANET提出了一个提高带宽利用率,适应网络拓扑结构动态变化的路由算法,并与DSDV,GSR做了对比。     

Efficient broadcasting in ad hoc wireless networks using directional antennas

Using directional antennas to conserve bandwidth and energy consumption in ad hoc wireless networks (or simply ad hoc networks) is becoming popular. However, applications of directional antennas for broadcasting have been limited. We propose a novel broadcast protocol called directional self-pruning (DSP) for ad hoc wireless networks using directional antennas. DSP is a nontrivial generalization of an existing localized deterministic broadcast protocol using omnidirectional antennas. Compared with its omnidirectional predecessor, DSP uses about the same number of forward nodes to relay the broadcast packet, while the number of forward directions that each forward node uses in transmission is significantly reduced. With the lower broadcast redundancy, DSP is more bandwidth and energy-efficient. DSP is based on 2-hop neighborhood information and does not rely on location or angle-of-arrival (AoA) information. Two special cases of DSP are discussed: the first one preserves shortest paths in reactive routing discoveries; the second one uses the directional reception mode to minimize broadcast redundancy. DSP is a localized protocol. Its expected number of forward nodes is O(1) times the optimal value. An extensive simulation study using both custom and ns2 simulators show that DSP significantly outperforms both omnidirectional broadcast protocols and existing directional broadcast protocols.     

移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议的性能分析与比较

移动Ad Hoe网络是由一组无线移动主机组成的一个没有任何建立好的基础设施或集中管理设备的临时网络.网络拓扑易变、带宽、能源有限是移动Ad Hoe网络的主要特点.分析表驱动路由协议DSDV和按需路由协议DSR、AODV和TO-RA,并利用NS2软件进行了仿真实验,通过改变节点的暂停时间和移动速度这两个参数来比较这两个参数对这四种协议性能的影响.仿真结果表明,按需路由协议在分组投递率、端到端的平均时延、路由开销方面都表现出较好的性能.但同时结合表驱动路由协议的特点,为进一步在综合考虑以上两类路由协议特点的基础上研究新的路由协议提供很好的参考.     

A stability-based distributed routing mechanism to support unicast and multicast routing in ad hoc wireless network

An ad hoc network can be envisioned as a collection of mobile routers, each equipped with a wireless transceiver, which are free to move about arbitrarily. In ad hoc wireless networks, even if two nodes are outside the wireless transmission range of each other, they may still be able to communicate in multiple hops using other intermediate nodes. However, the dynamics of these networks, as a consequence of mobility and disconnection of mobile hosts, pose a number of problems in designing routing schemes for effective communication between any pair of source and destination. In this paper, a stability-based unicast routing mechanism, that considers both link affinity and path stability in order to find out a stable route from source to destination, is proposed. It is then extended to support multicast routing as well where only local state information (at source) is utilized for constructing a multicast tree. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated on a simulated environment to show that the stability-based scheme provides a unified framework for both unicast and multicast routing and reduces the probability of route error drastically in both the cases.     

Energy saving and capacity improvement potential of power control in multi-hop wireless networks

This study investigates the potential of using transmission power control in wireless packet networks with differing number of hops between source and destination nodes. Here we exploit the benefits of power control in the context of multi-hop wireless ad hoc type networks with a distributed media access control. For our investigations we choose several general ad hoc network topologies and study the effects of power control with respect to energy consumption and network capacity. We show that power control largely improves the network capacity and energy savings in all investigated scenarios, and that utilizing a greater number of intermediate hops between source and destination nodes improves the energy savings though may cause a tradeoff in capacity, depending on the network topology considered.     

车载自组织网络中基于定向传播的自适应路由协议

数据分组在转发过程中需要在其转发范围内寻找一个中继节点进行转发。为了降低转发过程中寻找中继节点的复杂程度,减少从源节点到达目的节点的平均跳数,提出了一种车载自组织网络中基于定向传播的自适应路由协议(Adaptive Routing Protocol Based on Directional Transmission,ARPBDT)。该路由协议有两个关键参数:转发角度和平均每跳前进距离。首先为了缩小转发范围,设置一个始终朝着目的节点方向的转发角度,以减少转发范围内的节点数以及寻找中继节点的计算量;其次为了减少平均跳数,在转发范围内根据前进距离自适应地选择较优或次优的邻居节点作为中继节点进行转发。仿真结果表明,与OBDR相比,所提路由协议的平均跳数较少,平均每跳前进距离较大,能够使数据分组快速地到达目的节点。     

TAP: Traffic-aware topology control in on-demand ad hoc networks

Energy efficiency is crucial to achieve satisfactory network lifetime in ad hoc networks. In order to reduce the energy consumption significantly, a node needs to turn off its transceiver. Many existing energy-saving algorithms are based on constructing a simplified routing backbone for global connectivity. In this paper some problems involved with node sleep in on-demand ad hoc networks are addressed firstly. Then we propose a distributed, cross-layer Traffic-Aware Participation (TAP) algorithm, where nodes make decisions on whether to sleep or not based on both the traffic pattern and local connectivity. Nodes get dynamic traffic characteristics as well as active neighbors within two hops via routing control and data packets periodically. We further present a lightweight algorithm to avoid network partition resulted from node sleeping. Simulation results show that, compared to current sleep-based topology control algorithms, TAP achieves better network service quality and lower delay while allowing comparable energy conservation.     

面向无人机自组网编队控制的通信组网技术

随着技术的发展,多无人机系统协同作业的研究得到越来越多的关注。编队控制是无人机协同作业的关键技术,对具有动态信道与拓扑特征的无人机自组网的通信组网技术提出了极高的要求。首先介绍了无人机自组网编队控制的相关模型;基于此,从编队保持和重组、任务更新、编队可靠性等方面综述并分析了5种编队控制策略以及它们对无人机自组网通信组网技术的不同需求;最后展望了面向无人机自组网编队控制的通信组网技术的发展前景和方向。