Dieting and binging reexamined: A response to Lowe.

Refutes M. R. Lowe's (see record 1986-20197-001) questions concerning the present authors' (see record 1986-01626-001) analysis of the causal relation of dieting and binge eating, maintaining their position that dieting and its correlates "cause" bingeing in the sense of making it much more likely. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Avoiding bias in the search for artifact: A reply to Carlopio, Adair, Lindsay, and Spinner.

J. Carlopio et al (see record 1983-31564-001) criticized several aspects of the present authors' (see record 1982-12761-001) procedures and conclusions in a study of S roles and contended that the entire "subject role" approach is misguided. In this reply, the merits of the arguments and follow-up study of Carlopio et al are considered along with the "alternative" conception of S behavior they proposed. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Einhorn.

Responds to D. Einhorn's (see record 1986-26897-001) comments on the present authors' (see record 1986-11382-001) critique on moral development vs socialization by defending the importance of societalist and individualist analyses and by addressing Einborn's suggestion that the present authors abandon their eclecticism and take issue with the "criticism" of Kohlberg, which implies that Stages 3 and 4 should be viewed more favorably because those stages only involve "mindlessly obeying the letter of the law." (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some broader issues: Clinical relevance, gender sensitivity, and psychometrics.

Responds to comments by G. B. Spanier (see record 1989-17637-001) and L. Thompson (see record 1989-17646-001) on the present authors' (see record 1989-17603-001) evaluation of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children's responses to ambiguous messages: A response to Ackerman's reply.

Responds to B. P. Ackerman's (see record 1987-03694-001) reply to the present authors' (see record 1985-25142-001) test of Ackerman's (see record 1982-05434-001) conclusions concerning the ability of young children to understand that verbal messages can be ambiguous, particularly the idea that children's understanding is masked in standard referential communication tasks because of performative bias. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

In defense of alternative advice and counsel and the ways in which it can be researched.

Argues that F. R. Wilson's (see record 1982-01645-001) comments on the present authors' (see record 1980-32896-001) study mistakenly define it as one that is concerned with the causal influence of the variable alternative counsel. Additional data on follow-up are presented that help to substantiate the claim that the effects of therapy in the authors' study were real and lasting. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multidimensionality versus inconclusiveness: The baby and the bathwater.

Replies to comments by A. E. Kazdin (see record 1989-12740-001) and K. B. Schmaling and N. S. Jacobson (see record 1989-12763-001) on the present authors' (see record 1989-12762-001) study on social learning family therapy for aggressive children. It is maintained that analyses of the data yield an inference of powerful behavioral-systemic intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comments on the Maslach and Marshall-Zimbardo experiments.

Addresses interpretive questions raised in articles by C. Maslach (see record 1980-30451-001) and by G. D. Marshall and P. G. Zimbardo (see record 1980-29870-001) concerning the present authors' (see record 1963-06064-001) 2-factor model of emotion. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What about the question of integration? A reply to Apfelbaum and to Ellis

Responds to B. Apfelbaum's (see record 1982-06074-001) and A. Ellis's (see record 1982-06089-001) critiques of the present authors' (see record 1980-30751-001) article concerning the integration of psychoanalytic and behavior therapies. The replies to both authors are addressed separately. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some facets of consistency: Replies to Epstein, Funder, and Bem.

Identifies convergences and substantive differences in the comments made by S. Epstein (see record 1983-23443-001), D. C. Funder (see record 1983-30290-001), and D. J. Bem (see record 1984-04001-001) regarding the present authors' (see record 1983-05642-001) reanalysis of some issues and proposals in the search for cross-situational consistency in social behavior. (32 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Where is the source of artifact? Subject roles or hypothesis learning.

In their rejoinder, D. E. Carlston and J. L. Cohen (see record 1984-13805-001) criticized the present authors' (see record 1983-31564-001) study and argued that the alternative conception of S behavior in experiments was not substantively different from that proposed by others. In this response, a reexamination of the empirical evidence from the original study by Carlston and Cohen (see record 1982-12761-001) indicated that the present authors' conclusions had been warranted. A reconsideration of the theoretical issues identifies 3 fundamental differences between S awareness and hypothesis learning and the S role approach. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the usefulness of latent variable causal modeling in testing theories of naturally occurring events (including adolescent drug use): A rejoinder to Martin.

Replies to J. A. Martin's (see record 1983-06984-001) criticism of the present authors' (see record 1981-32589-001) methodology and conclusions. It is stated that Martin's criticisms are the result of misreading the present authors' paper and citations, whereas other criticisms were discussed in the original paper and resolved through alternate forms of data analysis. Further analyses are presented to address issues raised by Martin, and arguments against latent variable models are refuted. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Getting lost in the search for large coefficients: Reply to Conley (1984).

J. Conley (see record 1985-04041-001) asserted that the present authors' (see record 1983-05642-001) research was confounded and that it underestimated the cross-situational consistency of behavior (relative to its temporal stability) by not considering the possible systematic effects of time in the cross-situational analyses. In fact, when possible temporal effects are taken into account fully, the previously reported results and conclusions are unaffected. Conley's "corrections" of the results are shown to be incorrect both conceptually and empirically. (8 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ridge regression and some alternative weighting techniques: A comment on Darlington.

Reexamined the performance of ridge regression from a different methodological perspective using the same data structures on which R. B. Darlington (see record 1979-25149-001) demonstrated the technique's superiority. Contrary to Darlington's results, the present results indicate that ridge regression was never the most accurate prediction technique, although least squares weights as well as all of the other non-least-squares techniques were most accurate in some data configurations. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The practice of science in the family.

Responds to comments by B. D. Forman (see record 1990-29006-001), S. A. Kirschner (see record 1990-29011-001), and M. Rohrbaugh (see record 1990-29019-001) on the present authors' (see record 1990-29009-001) work on the use of paradoxical interventions with couples. Focus is on (1) the subjectivist and objectivist research approach; (2) language, relationship, and content analysis; and (3) the relevancy of science to practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mindlessness–mindfulness in perspective: A reply to Valerie Folkes.

Responds to V. S. Folkes's (see record 1985-20109-001) critique of the present authors' (see record 1979-23568-001) analysis of the mindlessness of Ss' actions in complying with confederates' requests. Discussion focuses on Folkes's assertion that differential rates of compliance reflect the controllability of the reasons provided and her claim that the present authors' Ss were cognitively active. It is argued that there is nothing in Folkes's results to contradict the idea that people are sometimes mindful and sometimes not. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the pitfalls of "Ptolemaic" psychology: A reply to Sawusch and Mullennix.

In their reply to the present authors (see record 1986-05428-001), J. R. Sawusch and J. W. Mullennix (see record 1986-05440-001) proposed a counterinterpretation of the authors' results regarding conceptualizations of selective adaptation with speech and described some previously unpublished data that they took to be inconsistent with the present authors' unified adaptation-level account of selective adaptation and contrast effects. It is argued that this counterinterpretation requires a series of purely ad hoc assumptions that render the 2-stage theory of Sawusch and P. Jusczyk (see record 1982-00351-001) almost completely vacuous. It is also shown that the new data of Sawusch and Mullennix are definitely not incompatible with an adaptation-level account. (15 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Deutsch and Green.

Replies to the comments of F. Deutsch (see record 1986-26175-001) and B. L. Green (see record 1986-26216-001) on the present authors' (see record 1986-10770-001) aggressive interchange with B. P. Dohrenwend and P. E. Shrout (see record 1986-10765-001) about confounding problems in studies on stress. It is suggested that Deutsch has joined in the fray and that Green has raised an interesting issue (i.e., the relative predictive power of objective and subjective measures of stressful events). (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Borderline personality organization: Reply to Bauer and Sherry.

Replies to G. P. Bauer and P. Sherry's (see record 1986-25091-001) comments on the present authors' (see record 1984-12361-001) discussion of clinical and theoretical issues in the treatment of borderline patients. It is argued that Bauer and Sherry's reply was inaccurate, overly inferential, and misleading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)