基于价值工程的塔式起重机技术经济性研究

随着建筑装配率的进一步提高，现场施工对吊装作业提出了更高的要求，起重机的技术经济性研究显得尤为迫切。 以塔式起重机的吊装过程为研究对象，通过起重机布置范围计算、吊运过程分解等步骤，建立了塔式起重机选型及定位的计 算模型，并以吊装时间最短为优化目标，求解了不同类型塔式起重机的最优定位点，并基于价值工程原理计算了不同类型塔 式起重机的价值工程指数，对比了其技术经济性，为塔式起重机的选型提供决策支持。     

大型商业广场群塔安装与作业施工技术

沈阳恒隆广场工程具有结构复杂、建筑面积大、钢结构与混凝土结构相结合、钢结构单构件重量大、模板数量多、建筑高等特点,因此结构施工期间塔吊的布置与使用直接关系到工程的安全、质量、丁期的实施。本工程结构施工期间共计采用塔吊11台,大多数塔臂相互交叉。为确保塔吊安全运行,施工中通过对群塔进行严格的高差控制、合理安排塔位顶升顺序,合理设计塔间距离,加强运行安全管理措施,确保了整个工程的施工。     

大型公共建筑群塔安装与作业施工技术

国家会议中心工程具有结构复杂、建筑面积大、钢结构与混凝土结构相结合、钢结构单构件重量大、模板数量多、建筑高等特点,因此结构施工期间塔吊的布置与使用直接关系到工程的安全、质量、工期的实施。本工程结构施工期间共计采用塔吊11台,大多数塔臂相互交叉。为确保塔吊安全运行,施工中通过对群塔进行严格的高差控制、合理安排塔位顶升顺序,合理设计塔间距离,加强运行安全管理措施,确保了整个工程的施工。     

Decision support for tower crane selection with building information models and genetic algorithms

Tower cranes are major construction equipment that is highly demanded in construction projects. The planning process for tower cranes utilization starts in early stages of the construction projects. Poor selection could incur extra costs on the construction projects or cause delays in project duration. The planning procedures for tower cranes include selection, allocation and operation. This paper presents a framework for the selection of tower cranes types and locations at construction sites. The framework considers three main models: 1) decision making model to select the tower crane type, 2) optimization model for the selection of the ideal number and location of tower cranes, and 3) 4D simulation model to simulate tower crane operations. Several clash detection scenarios are presented to assure the safety operation of the tower crane group. A case study is shown herein to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed framework.     

复杂场地大跨度通廊单机整体吊装技术

上料主皮带通廊吊装是高炉安装的重点和难点之一.通廊吊装一般采用双机抬吊的方法,虽有利于构件就位,但场地占用大、施工成本高.以某实际工程为例,结合工程现场条件,依据“经济合理、技术可行”的原则选择了单机整体吊装法.单机整体吊装通廊减少了空中对接作业,保障了安全施工,满足了复杂场地条件下的施工要求,有效降低了施工成本.     

基于塔吊基础施工及吊机群交叉作业安全系统化管理

为保证塔吊和履带吊施工现场作业安全、有序进行,避免安全的事故的发生,对施工现场4台TC7052塔吊和2台350 t履带吊建立安全系统化管理体系,针对塔吊的基础施工及吊机群交叉作业,从技术环境管理子系统和组织管理子系统进行全过程可控管理,并建立安全反馈评价体系,确保在工程建设过程中吊机群交叉作业的安全,为起重设备安全管理提供一定参考价值。     

狭窄场地超长钢构件吊装施工及安全监理

北京市某办公楼钢结构位于南、北楼主体结构中间连接部位的2~10层,采用塔式起重机常规吊装、双机抬吊及电动提升的安装方法。施工中制订了相应的安全监控措施,并对吊装中出现的问题及时采取对策,效果较好。     

双塔吊组合吊装施工技术在某超高层建筑中的运用

该文以某综合业务楼为例,详细介绍了在塔吊起重受限的情况下,如何通过双塔吊的组合来完成超重型钢柱"空中接力"的吊装施工技术,分析了超重型钢柱的受力情况,并从安全、质量、进度、成本四个角度,将该施工方案与常规施工方案进行对比分析,论证了该方案的可行性。在保证安全、质量、进度而又不影响成本的条件下,解决了在塔吊起重受限情况下,超重型钢柱的吊装难题,顺利地完成了超重型钢柱的吊装并取得了不错的效果。     

多体系复杂钢结构工程施工关键技术

伊金霍洛旗全民健身体育活动中心体育馆采用钢框架支撑结构、大悬挑桁架转换结构、大跨度张弦桁架结构、大跨度柔性索膜穹顶等多种复杂结构.施工时选择2台重型塔吊及大型履带吊吊装,使用了设计-施工一体化技术,使结构成型后应力下降幅度达17.7％;施工中采取砂箱等比例同步拆除施工支撑,使拆除过程可控、可靠且节约了施工成本;采用焊接...     

深圳平安金融中心大型外爬式塔式起重机安装技术

深圳平安金融中心为超高层建筑,该工程共使用了4台外挂于核心筒混凝土墙上、最大吊重为100t的大型外爬式动臂塔式起重机,通过科学有序的管理及采用合适的安装技术,每台塔式起重机均按照计划安装完毕并投入使用,确保了钢结构安装的顺利进行。     

Integrating 3D visualization and simulation for tower crane operations on construction sites

Most high-rise building construction projects rely on tower cranes to perform lifting and hoisting activities. In practice, tower cranes are managed based on demand, urgency, and prioritized work tasks that must be performed within a set period of time in the field. As a computer tool, simulation has proved to be effective in modeling complex construction operations and can be a substantial help in aiding practitioners in construction planning. However, the use of simulation has fallen far below its maximum potential due to a lack of appropriate support tools which would allow construction managers to use simulation tools for themselves. Special purpose simulation (SPS) and 3D visualization of simulated operations are two potential means that enable domain experts, who are knowledgeable in give domains, but not familiar with simulation, to easily model an operation within their domain and analyze the simulation results. This paper presents a practical methodology for integrating 3D visualization with SPS for tower crane operation. An integrated system was built in a 3D Studio MAX environment and tested in the construction of the new civil and environmental engineering building at the University of Alberta. This paper demonstrates that 3D visualization is helpful in the verification and validation of simulation results, and can effectively communicate the essence of a simulated operation, thus improving the accessibility of simulation as a decision making aid.     

塔式起重机安全检查装置现状浅析

本文指出了塔式起重机起重力矩及重量指标对塔机用安装装置的要求,分析了目前塔式起重机广泛使用的两类安全限制器的缺陷,指出了目前缺少一个关于塔机用安全限制器的标准,呼吁质量监督和行业管理部门组织编制塔机用限制器的专业标准 格控制安全限制器的性能指标及产品质量,提高塔式起重机安全使用的可靠性     

超大型工程群塔作业管理

北京东方广场工程具有塔机数量多（２０台塔机同时作业）、相互影响大、运行易碰撞和拆塔困难等特点。为此，在组织管理、群塔平面布置和拆塔过程中，制定了合理的制度和措施，保证了工程安全、顺利进行。     

利通广场M600D内爬塔式起重机安装、爬升与拆除技术

利通广场主体结构采用钢斜撑框架+混凝土核心筒结构,高302.9m.结合本工程实际情况及通过方案比选,施工阶段采用2台M600D内爬动臂式塔式起重机.制定了塔式起重机安装、拆除方案及各项安全管理措施,阐述了内爬式塔式起重机的平面布置、型号选择、安装、爬升及拆除技术,保证了起重机安全运行、满足施工需要,有效保证了施工工期.     

移动式起重机吊装路径智能规划方法研究

移动式起重机的吊装路径规划（Path Planning of Mobile Crane，PPMC）是吊装活动的重要支撑，而当前吊装规划通常依据项目经理或吊车操作员的经验，难以适应施工现场环境的动态性和复杂性。为了提高移动式起重机的吊装规划成效，对其路径规划问题进行了重新定义与建模，提出了基于 RRT（Rapidly-exploring Random Tree）寻径算法的智能规划方法，即 C（Configuration）空间预优化—RRT 算法改进—路径后处理的优化框架和对应的具体优化策略。并通过案例测试验证了优化策略的可行性和有效性。这有利于移动式起重机路径规划改善效果，提高效率。     

Tower cranes layout planning using agent-based simulation considering activity conflicts

The layout planning of tower cranes is a processes which defines the types, the quantities and the positions of tower cranes, has a significant impact on the overall productivity and cost effectiveness of construction projects. Previous research utilized either mathematical methods or visualization tools to find an optimal tower crane layout plan. However, such methods and tools are not adequate to evaluate the effect of conflict among tower cranes, in terms of time and cost calculations. Moreover, they do not assure the maximum efficiency of tower crane layout to fulfill the needs of crane-based executed activities. This paper presents an Agent Based Simulation (ABS) model to overcome the limitations of previous research. The proposed ABS model has the superiority of quantitatively assessing the effect of conflict on the overall time and costs of tower crane operations. It is capable of simulating tower cranes operations and interactions between different agents of the model. Furthermore, it calculates the time and the cost of tower crane's operation cycles, taking into account the potential conflicts among the working tower cranes. In addition, the proposed model is able to compare between several combinations of tower crane layouts to achieve the optimum solution that fulfills the requirements, with respect to the time or the cost. A case study has been provided to demonstrate the capabilities and contributions of the developed ABS model.     

大型机械工厂设计中的起重机设置

在大型机械工厂的设计中,确定并合理地配置起重机,关乎到企业的产品发展战略、生产的安全和效率、厂房的造价等多方面,是工厂设计的原则性问题。起重机的设置主要包括：确定起重机额定起重量、轨高（起升高度）、轨距及工作级别等参数;起重机的合理组合配置,以及大工件翻身的起重机配置等内容。     

苏通大桥主桥主墩钢吊箱设计及施工

特大型桥梁在宽水域、深水、大流速的主桥墩区进行大型高桩承台施工中,利用钢吊箱作为基础施工围水设施。钢吊箱在工厂制作成型,气囊下水,拖轮浮运,用大型浮吊整体吊装的计与施工方法是加快施工进度,提高工程质量,保证施工安全的有效措施。     

Mathematical model to optimally solve the lift planning problem in high-rise construction projects

The availability of resources such as workforce and materials at each level of a high-rise construction project just before the commencement of building tasks is a crucial issue that might have direct impacts on project progress. To avoid delays caused by lack of human resources and construction materials, a construction management team always tries to find a better way to facilitate supply chain process specifically for construction projects facing a significant number of simultaneous and repetitive tasks. The other challenge in a high-rise construction project is vertical transportation that requires special machinery e.g. cranes or lifts, and also, maximizing their utilities. In this paper, it is tried to automate vertical transportation planning process in high-rise construction projects by introducing a platform that handles the entire lifting process. This platform considers (i) tasks attributes (e.g. required resources, location and commencement time) from the project schedule, (ii) lifting system specifications (e.g. travel speed, weight, and volume capacity) and (iii) project geometrics (e.g. current height of the project). In details, the introduced platform provides an optimized daily delivery plan by developing a Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) model that covers workforce and construction materials. In this paper, the proposed platform is also tested using field data obtained from a 34-story construction project in Mashhad, Iran. The model could find a solution with 0% optimality gap in approximately 1 h, which is an acceptable amount of computational cost for the problem. The results show how the introduced platform can assist the construction management team to efficiently handle the supply process within stories while avoiding delays caused by a lack of resources required for each task.     

狭窄空间条件下大级差塔式起重机抬吊施工

深圳证券交易所营运中心工程巨型悬挑钢桁架安装过程中,局部重型构件受吊装工况限制,在操作空间十分狭小的情况下,采用平臂塔式起重机配合大吨位动臂塔吊联合吊装,倒链水平牵引就位的吊装方法,安全顺利地完成了吊装任务。首先对双机抬吊进行了难点分析及施工方案的可行性分析,然后详细介绍了抬吊施工工艺及安全控制要点。