GC-MS测定涂料原料二甲基环体硅氧烷

用环己酮为内标物,提出用气相色谱质谱联用法（GC．MS）测定涂料原料二甲基环体硅氧烷（DMC）中D3、D4、D5、D6、D7、D8、D9和D10含量方法。以D4峰面积对浓度绘制标准曲线,线性回归方程为Y=14．063X（r^2=0．9956）,线性范围在2．0mg／L-45．0mg／L之间,D4检出限（S／N=3）为0．1mg／L,相对标准偏差（n=10）均小于10,D4回收率在9%-110％之间。     

高锰酸根褪色光度法测定土壤中的有机碳

建立了以KMnO。测定土壤中有机碳的分光光度法。在硫酸介质中,有机碳能快速、定量的还原高锰酸根,在加入有机碳前后,高锰酸钾溶液在波长525nm处的吸光度发生明显变化,且吸光度之差△A与加入的有机碳的浓度成正比。结果表明,有机碳浓度在0．40—28．00mg／L范围内与溶液吸光度差值呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为△A=0．0466p＋0．058（mg／L）,相关系数r=0．9987,检出限为0．170mg／a,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．390％,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=8．39X10^3L／（mol·em）。用于测定国家标准土壤样品中有机碳的含量,相对标准偏差小于2．90％。     

一次性纸杯浸泡液中痕量甲醛的柱前衍生／超高效液相色谱法测定

建立了一种柱前衍生／超高效液相色谱分析方法,对一次性纸杯浸泡液中痕量甲醛进行了测定,并对衍生化条件、衍生化产物的提取条件和色谱分离条件进行了优化。该方法在O．052~2．080mg／L范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性方程为A=37369c＋267．5,线性相关系数为0．9999,检出限为O．010mg／L（S／N-3）。采用该方法对市售的一次性纸杯浸泡液中甲醛含量进行检测,发现一次性纸杯浸泡液中甲醛含量均很低,可以安全使用。     

A/O MBR(一体式)系统处理印染废水

设计一套A／O MBR（一体式）系统处理印染废水，通过四个阶段的连续运行，对其COD、色度、SS、浊度等指标进行监测，确定最佳运行条件为HRT=9～10h，DO=2～3g／L，在此条件下处理后可使印染废水的COD≤100mg／L，色度=2～16倍，浊度≈0，SS≈0，pH=7～8．5，结果表明A／OMBR（一体式）系统费用低、效果好，其中A／O系统可提高印染废水的可生化性，利于后续MBR的处理，最终使印染废水实现达标排放。     

硅钼黄分光光度法测定柠檬酸液中的溶硅

基于硅钼黄分光光度法建立了分析柠檬酸液中溶硅的方法,探讨了柠檬酸浓度、钼酸铵浓度、柠檬酸与钼酸铵浓度比、盐酸浓度和显色时间对硅钼黄络合物吸光度的影响。研究表明,反应体系为CCA／CAM=1／3,HCl浓度为0．35mol／L,低于3．0％的柠檬酸液中显色10min。在A=410nm处,吸光度（A）与质量浓度（c）成线性关系,si的量在0．1—16．0mg／L内符合比尔定律,硅的测定回归方程为A=0．030＋0．060C（R^2=0．9982）,其检出限为0．1mg／L,方法重复性的RSD和精密度均小于1．O％,加标回收率为99．5％-102．4％。此法快速、简便,可准确分析柠檬酸液中的溶硅。     

高效液相色谱分析法测定磷酸腺嘌呤含量

建立了测定磷酸腺嘌呤的高效液相色谱定量检测方法。色谱柱：C18,5μm,250×4．6mm（I．D．）;流动相组成：甲醇：水=20：80（体积比）;流速：1．0mL/min;柱温：30℃;检测波长：254nm;进样量：10．0μL。实验结果表明,磷酸腺嘌呤的线性方程为Y=62932X-208307,（r=0．99995）,检出限为0．2mg／mL,相对标准偏差为0．74％,平均回收率为99．03％。     

塑料用涂料

201107114模塑涂料组合物及其涂覆的模塑件：题述组合物含（A）20～80份的≥1种选自含（甲基）丙烯酰基氨基甲酸酯低聚物、环氧低聚物、聚酯低聚物、聚醚低聚物和不饱和聚酯的成分,（B）20—80份可共聚不饱和单体;（C）0．1～5份（基于1D0份的A和B）有机过氧化物聚合引发剂和／或偶氮聚合引发剂和（D）0．1～1O份（同C）光聚合引发剂。题述模塑件的制备是采用注模、注压模、压铸模或反应性注模,通过夹紧模具,在空腔中模塑聚合物,将组合物注入空腔,部分加热固化,     

HPLC法测定阿戈美拉汀片的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定阿戈关拉汀片含量的方法。方法采用Welchrom—C18（57m,4．6＂250mm）色谱柱,以0．01mol／L的磷酸氢二钠溶液（用稀磷酸调节pH值至3．0）-甲醇-乙腈（55：25：20）为流动相,流速为1．0ml／min,检测波长为229nm,柱温为30℃。结果线性回归方程为：A=266138C＋94983,r=0．9997（n=6）,阿戈美拉汀在4．04～1515μgoml-1范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99．60％（n=9）。结论该方法专属性强、重复性好,可用于阿戈美拉汀片的含量测定。     

钛盐分光光度法测定酸性染料体系中的过氧化氢

钛盐光度法测定酸性染料体系中的过氧化氢,是基于在醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液（pH=4．37）中过氧化氢与钛离子生成稳定的橙色络合物的原理,通过分光光度法测定过氧化氢的含量。结果表明．在过氧化氢含量为0～45mg／L时与吸光度呈线性关系,摩尔吸光系数为1017L／（mol·cm）,最低检测限DL=0．12mg／L,测定系列过氧化氢浓度的相对偏差（RSD）均小于5％,样品加标平均回收率为99．1％～103．0％。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的3—O-乙基维生素C

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的3—O-乙基维生素C,色谱条件：SHIMADZU Shim-pack VP-C18ODS（150mm×4．6mm,5μm）色谱柱;C18ODS保护柱芯;流动相V（甲醇）：V（0．025mol/L KH2PO4）=20：80;流速：1．0mL/min;柱温：30℃;紫外检测器检测,检测池温度：40℃,波长：254nm。结果表明,在此条件下,3—O-乙基维生素C在0-100mg／L与相应的峰面积具有良好的线性关系（r=0．9992）,线性回归方程为A=31．1703ρ,回收率在97．75％-100．60％,方法精密度RSD约为2．6％（n=5）。     

并流多通道管壳式换热器壳侧流场数值研究

采用多孔介质-分布阻力模型,对一种新型并流多通道进出口结构(MPC)轴流管壳式换热器壳程流场进行数值研究.在传热管长6.0 m不变,分别针对长径比L/D=2.0和L/D=1.5二种情况,研究Re和通道数N对壳侧流场的分布及阻力变化规律.结果表明:在相同的Re和L/D下,随着N的增加,壳程的流场分布不均现象得到有效的遏制...     

Hydrodynamics of air–kerosene bubble column under elevated pressure in homogeneous flow regime

A multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model coupled with the population balance equation(PBE) was developed in a homogeneous air–kerosene bubble column under elevated pressure(P). The specific pressure drop(DP/L), gas holdup(a_G), and Sauter mean diameter(d_(32)) were experimentally measured in the bubble column with 1.8 m height and 0.1 m inner diameter, which was operated at a superficial gas velocity of 12.3 mm·s~(-1), and P = 1–35 bar(1 bar = 10~5 Pa). A modified drag coefficient model was proposed to consider the effect of bubble swarm and pressure on hydrodynamics of the bubble column.The Luo breakage model was modified to account for liquid density, viscosity, surface tension and gas density. The DP/L, a_G, and d_(32) obtained from the CFD model were compared with experimental data,and the gas density-dependent parameters of the CFD model were identified. With increasing P from 1 to 35 bar, the aGvaried from 5.4% to 7.2% and the d_(32) decreased from 2.3 to 1.5 mm. The CFD-PBE model is applicable to predict hydrodynamics of pressurized bubble columns for gas–organic liquid in the homogeneous regime.     

螺旋扁管折流杆换热器壳侧性能多目标优化研究

基于遗传聚集响应面模型和多目标遗传算法,研究了以螺旋扁管为换热管的折流杆换热器结构参数、入口速度对壳侧流动和换热性能的影响,并对螺旋扁管折流杆换热器的性能进行了优化分析。结果表明：传热系数随螺距的增大先减小9.38%,后维持不变;在低入口速度条件下,随长短轴之比的增大而增大,在高入口速度条件下,存在先减小后增大的趋势。压降随螺距的增大基本不变;随长短轴之比的增大减小了36.67%。由敏感性分析可知传热系数和压降对入口速度的变化最敏感,截面椭圆长短轴之比次之,对螺距最不敏感。优化后的螺旋扁管折流杆换热器结构比原结构单位压降下的传热系数平均提高了26.42%。     

船用蒸汽蓄热器非平衡热力过程

船用蒸汽蓄热器作为舰船上弹射装置的重要组成部分,具有充、放汽时间短,短时间内蒸汽消耗量大等特点,其运行特性直接关系到弹射装置能否安全、稳定运行。建立了船用蒸汽蓄热器实验系统,以过热蒸汽作为充汽汽源,进行不同工况下的充汽、放汽及连续充放汽实验。实验结果表明：蓄热器充汽(放汽)过程中,其压力呈现先急剧上升(下降)后随充汽(放汽)阀门关闭下降(上升),最终趋于稳定的强烈的非平衡热力过程;由非平衡热力过程导致的压降比随单位时间内充入蓄热器能量的提升而加大;蓄热器内温度变化滞后于压力变化,水温变化滞后于汽温变化。蓄热器非平衡热力过程研究可为蒸汽弹射系统的安全运行提供一定的技术支撑。     

改进型Ross静态混合器牛顿流体流动的实验与数值模拟

在改进型Ross静态混合器中对牛顿流体的流动进行了实验研究,并对空管和5单元的改进型Ross静态混合器的流动进行了数值模拟,将实验与数值模拟结果进行了比较,证实二者的结果一致. 结果表明,在改进型Ross静态混合器中,牛顿流体流动的压力降与雷诺数和静态混合器长径比的关系为Dp=14.7231Re-0.156(L/D)0.446ru2/2;在Re=20000时,z因子有最大值;整个静态混合器的压力降(流动阻力)主要集中在混合单元区域.     

规整填料内置隔板边长对压降及传质的影响

传质发生在规整填料表面,通道内气体间相互碰撞形成的涡流在一定程度上强化传质,但消耗大量能量,压降升高。为减小压降,在每个传质单元中非波谷区加入隔板得到新型规整填料Mon-JKB-250Y。CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics计算机流体力学）模拟发现,增大隔板边长,压降减小、气相总传质效率增大、单位压降下的传质系数先增大后减小,存在一个最适宜隔板边长。在F=1.2~2.7 m·s^-1·（kg·m^-3）^0.5范围内,隔板边长为14.7~16.8 mm时,单位压降下的传质系数达到最大。运用显色化学反应可视化技术验证CFD模拟结果,平均相对误差小于10%,CFD模拟结果可靠。     

Study on pressure drop characteristics of gas-liquid swirl annular flow

Considering the influence of swirl attenuation, the pressure drop characteristics of gas-liquid spiral annular flow are studied, and the pressure drop prediction model of spiral annular flow is deduced. The swirl-straight ratio of pressure drop is defined as the ratio of pressure drop of swirl flow to straight flow, used to characterize the effect of swirl decay on pressure drop. The expression of swirl-straight ratio of pressure drop is derived by the method of dimensional analysis, and it has a strongly dependence on Lockhart-Martinelli coefficient and gas phase Froude number. Finally, the prediction model of pressure drop for gas-liquid swirl annular flow is obtained. The pressure drop characteristics of the swirl annular flow are experimentally studied in a horizontal tube with an inner diameter of 50 mm. The range of the gas superficial velocity is 10—16 m/s and the range of the liquid volume fraction (LVF) is 0.6%—4.8%. Through comparison with experimental data, the relative error of the pressure drop prediction model is within ±15%, which provides a method reference for engineering applications.     

气液螺旋环状流压降特性研究

考虑旋流衰减的影响,对气液螺旋环状流的压降特性进行研究并推导出了螺旋环状流压降预测模型。定义压降旋-直比系数为气液两相螺旋环状流和气液两相直流的压降之比,以此来表征旋流衰减对压降的影响。基于量纲分析的方法对压降旋-直比系数进行分析,推导出其表达式,压降旋-直比系数依赖于Lockhart-Martinelli 参数和气相Froude数变化。最终,得出了气液两相螺旋环状流的压降预测模型。在50 mm内径的水平管内对螺旋环状流的压降特性进行了实验研究,其中气相表观流速变化范围为10~16 m/s,体积含液率（LVF）变化范围为0.6%~4.8%。通过与实验数据进行对比,压降预测模型的相对误差在±15%以内,为工程应用提供了参考。     

Pressure drop and separation efficiency in a flooded hydrocyclone

The pressure drop and separation efficiency were measured of a hydrocyclone operating under flooded underflow or no air-core conditions. The solids were glass spheres with a geometric number average diameter of 13 μm and a geometric standard deviation of 1.69. Water was the fluid. Other fixed variables included the solids feed concentration of 2265 mg/L, the glass hydrocarbon configuration following the optimal Rietema recommendations and the temperature. The variables were feed flowrate 0.44 to 0.63 L.s¹ and volume split of 2.4:1 to 6.1:1; a factorial design was used. The pressure drop, ΔP_s, was 4 to 7 times larger than that expected for air core operation and was correlated in terms of the capacity ratio Q/(ΔP_s)^0.47. The pressure drop was relatively independent of volume split. The separation efficiency was a much stronger function of volume split than of feed flowrate. The D_p(50) diameter at a feed flowrate of 0.63 L.s⁻¹ lies between 4.3 to 9.2 μm; of the seven correlations available for predicting D_p(50), the approach of Rietema (1961) gives the best results. The experimentally measured reduced efficiency was less sharp than that reported by Yoshioka and Hotta (1955) and by the theory of Uematu et al. (1962).     

OXYGEN TRANSFER IN HORIZONTAL PIPELINE AERATORS WITH NOZZLES

Horizontal pipeline and tubular loop aerators are of interest for fermentation and waste water treatment and are ideally suited for continuous processing. A major drawback is that these pipeline contactors invariably operate in the “elongated bubble and plug” regime in which the mass transfer rate is low. This article evaluates the performance of a horizontal pipeline aerator fitted with nozzles equispaced along its length to enhance mass transfer rates by promoting turbulence and augmenting effective interfacial area. Such devices can also be advantageously used in long pipe lines as in the case of treating waste while it is being transported. Pressure drop and overall liquid-side mass transfer coefficient data are reported as functions of liquid (water) and gas flow rates and nozzle size and spacing. It is shown that for all the conditions studied, k_La = 0.026(ΔP/L)^1.036 and that the pressure gradient is given by a simple correlation, provided an empirical parameter which characterises a nozzle is known. Preliminary investigations on the effect of surfactant ad the presence of suspended solids (size 75 μm) on mass transfer coefficient are also reported. Very high values of power dissipation can be achieved in such aerators without mechanically moving parts and high values of mass transfer coefficient can be realized.