顶空进样-气相色谱法同时测定建筑用胶粘剂中的苯系物和卤代烃

采用顶空进样-气相色谱方法,以纯化水作为稀释用溶剂,建立一种同时测定建筑用胶粘剂中苯系物和卤代烃的测定方法。通过优化顶空进样器条件,使用极性色谱柱对间二甲苯和对二甲苯进行分离。结果表明:卤代烃和苯系物检测线性相关系数高,检验精密度高;采用同一系统,在降低极性物质挥发后,分流进样,可以满足对苯系物和卤代烃的同时测定。     

应用顶空进样-气相色谱法测定水中苯系物

介绍了应用填充柱-手动顶空进样-气相色谱法测定水中苯系物的方法,通过对影响测定准确性的气液平衡操作条件进行探讨和研究,使得各组分的分离度较好,得出比较理想的色谱图。样品测定的平均加标回收率达到85%~105%,测量结果的相对偏差不大于10%(n=7),该方法可满足地表水和外排污水中苯系物检测的质量要求。     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定水性涂料中有害物质

介绍利用顶空毛细管气相色谱法对水性涂料中有害物质卤代烃、苯系物进行测定 ,以标准叠加法定量     

顶空-气质联用法测定烟用粘合剂中苯系物

采用顶空-气相色谱质谱联用法对烟用粘合剂中残留的苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯)进行分析,并讨论了各种条件对测定的影响。分析结果表明:该方法对4种残留苯系物的线性范围为1～100 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.5%～3.2%,样品的回收率为94%～102%。该方法可快速、准确测定烟用粘合剂中苯系物的含量。     

顶空气-质联用法测定离子液体富集的空气中的苯系物

基于室温离子液体无蒸气压、离子强度高且稳定、优良溶解性等特点,实验中采用室温离子液体［bmim］［PF₆］作为吸收液,气相色谱-质谱联用分析测定离子液体富集的苯系物,建立了顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱方法测定苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯的最佳分析条件。结果表明离子液体有可能作为空气中苯系物的富集材料。     

顶空-气质联用同时测定水基胶中的乙酸乙烯酯、苯及苯系物

试验建立了同时测定水基胶中的乙酸乙烯酯、苯及苯系物(甲苯、乙苯、邻-二甲苯、间-二甲苯和对-二甲苯)的顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用法。方法选用水作顶空基质校正剂,内标法定量测定。与行业标准方法相比,该方法的样品前处理操作简便,可以较大程度地减少检测人员的工作量。乙酸乙烯酯、苯及苯系物的标准工作曲线相关系数R2均大于0.995,加标回收率范围在97.09%～102.62%。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定焦化污染土壤中苯系物的方法研究

为快速、准确测定焦化污染土壤中苯系物的含量,建立了一种顶空-气相色谱法测定土壤中9种苯系物的方法。9种苯系物能实现完全分离,在10~500μg/kg浓度范围内组分含量与峰面积呈线性相关,相关系数为0.9946~0.9999,检出限为1.8~4.5μg/kg,测定下限为7.2~18.0μg/kg,回收率为85.0%~105%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~4.6%。结果表明,建立的顶空气相色谱法简单快速,无需有机溶剂,重现性好,回收率高,适合于土壤中低、中、高浓度苯系物的测定。     

顶空-气相色谱串联质谱法测定修正液中六种苯系物

采用顶空-气相色谱串联质谱法测定修正液中六种苯系物,选用硅油作为基质,通过实验确认顶空平衡温度和平衡时间为:90℃和10 min,并进行了色谱条件的优化。该方法简单可靠,准确度高,线性范围为0.1~100 mg/kg,最低检测浓度为0.1 mg/kg,方法回收率为91.2%~96.4%,相对标准偏差为4.3%~7.9%。该方法可以准确定性、定量测定修正液中的6种苯系物。     

顶空-气质联用法测定运动场地合成材料面层中9种挥发性苯系物

采用顶空-气质联用法测定了运动场地合成材料面层中9种挥发性苯系物。研究了顶空方式、顶空平衡温度、顶空平衡时间等条件的影响。在优化条件下,9种挥发性苯系物在线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9956～0.9966,加标回收率为76%～98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%～5.6%;当样品量为1 g时,方法检出限为1.2～5.8 mg/kg。利用该方法对四份样品进行检测,结果表明样品中有痕量挥发性苯系物检出。     

动态顶空-气相色谱质谱法测定家用搅拌机中苯系物迁移量

基于动态顶空-气相色谱质谱技术,建立了家用搅拌机中7种苯系物迁移量的测定方法。采用0.8 L(10%)乙醇模拟液在搅拌机正常工作下进行迁移,以动态顶空吹扫捕集进样、气相色谱-质谱联用检测、外标法定量。该方法对7种苯系物的定量限(LOQ)为0.2~0.4μg/L,具有较高的灵敏度,在0.2~20.0μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好(其中苯的线性浓度范围为0.4~20.0μg/L,7种苯系物的R2≥0.995 6)。低、中、高3个添加浓度水平的平均回收率在76.7%~123.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在2.2%~14.1%之间。最后,将此方法应用于9款实际搅拌机样品的测定。该方法操作简单、快速、环保、灵敏度高,可用于家用搅拌机中苯系物的迁移量检测。     

Semiochemicals and social signaling in the wild European rabbit in Australia: II. Variations in chemical composition of chin gland secretion across sampling sites

The volatile components of the chin gland secretion of the wild European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.), were investigated with the use of gas chromatography. Studies of the chemical nature of this secretion by previous workers demonstrated that it was important in the maintenance of social structure in this species. This study identified 34 different volatile components that consist primarily of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Especially common are a series of alkyl-substituted benzene derivatives that provide most of the compound diversity in the secretion. Samples of chin gland secretion collected from animals at three different geographical locations, separated by more than 100 km, showed significant differences in composition. This work suggests that variation among populations needs to be considered when undertaking semiochemical research. Alternate nonparametric methods are also used for the analysis of chromatographic data.     

Dynamic Analysis of Diffusion and Adsorption of Water‐Miscible and Water‐Immiscible Organic Vapors in Soil

A dynamic analysis of the diffusion and adsorption of water‐miscible volatile organic compounds (methanol and acetone) and water‐immiscible volatile organic compounds (benzene and toluene) in a soil pellet has been performed experimentally by using the single pellet moment technique. The experiments were conducted in a one‐sided single pellet adsorption cell at a temperature of 30 °C and varying relative humidities (0, 20, and 40 %). The results obtained with dry and wet systems showed that volatile organic tracers were adsorbed reversibly onto the soil. The overall adsorption equilibrium constants of both water‐miscible and water immiscible volatile organic compounds decreased with relative humidity. The sorption of water‐immiscible VOCs (benzene) onto soil was found to be much less than that of water‐miscible VOCs (methanol). The effective diffusivity of water‐immiscible volatile organic vapor (benzene) in the soil did not show a considerable change with relative humidity. In contrast, there was an appreciable change in the effective diffusivity for water‐miscible VOCs (methanol) with moisture.     

环保型水性涂料的研制

以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,采用混合乳化剂,将水溶性高分子聚合物聚乙烯醇和疏水性的聚苯乙烯共混制成耐擦洗、价廉的环保型水性涂料。考察了溶剂、乳化剂、水油共混比等因素对基料乳液稳定性的影响。确定了环保型水性涂料的较佳配方。产品中不含苯、甲苯及游离甲醛,VOC含量为69g/L。     

Interaction of Fluazifop-butyl and Fluazifop with smectites

Adsorption of the herbicides Fluazifop-butyl and Fluazifop by two smectites homoionic to Al, Fe(III), Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cs, has been studied by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thin-layer chromatography. At room temperature Fluazifop-butyl and Fluazifop were adsorbed on smectites by both direct coordination and indirect coordination (through a water bridge) between the CO group of the herbicide and the exchangeable cation. The extent and strength of this coordination depended on the nature of the cation saturating the clays. With Al- and Fe- smectites interactions also occurred between the pyridine and benzene rings of the molecules and the clay surface. The formation of the pyridinium ion suggested that on Al- and Fe-smectites the herbicides were also adsorbed by protonation of the pyridine nitrogen. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Fluazifop-butyl and Fluazifop penetrated into the interlayer space of smectites. Further, adsorbed Fluazifop-butyl was partially decomposed at room temperature giving rise to a phenolic compound.     

Use of Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen as a Purge Gas for the Isolation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Groundwater

Abstract

A device has been developed for use in determining parts per billion concentrations of volatile organic compounds in groundwater. This device is suitable for field use either as a self-contained, portable instrument or as an unattended monitor. The device consists of an immersible electrolysis cell in which hydrogen is generated. This hydrogen efficiently purges volatile organic compounds from water. Those volatile organic compounds are carried by the purge gas to a photoionization detector where their total concentration is measured. The significant advantages of this apparatus for use in the determination of volatile organic compounds include: 1) measurements are made in a hydrogen matrix which is free of interfering species present in water; 2) detection limits for volatile organic compounds are several orders of magnitude lower when compounds are purged from water than when they are measured in the headspace above water; 3) operation of this device does not require use of reagents or utilities other than electricity, which can be supplied by batteries; 4) the device can be readily configured such that it will fit in a small diameter sampling well; and 5) if used as a monitor in a sampling well, the only required connections with the surface would be signal and power lines. This device has a detection limit of less than 5 ppb for benzene. For 23 other organic compounds tested, response factors ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 times that for benzene. The device appears especially well-suited for use in monitoring the concentration of gasoline in groundwater in the vicinity of underground storage tanks.     

光触媒治理室内空气污染的实验研究

本文研究了两种光触媒在不同条件下对室内空气中有害物质甲醛、苯系物、TVOC降解效率。指出光触媒在无可见光下,净化效率低的不足之处,并对此提出建设性意见。     

气相抽提法去除土壤中的苯和乙苯

土壤气相抽提技术（SVE）是一种安全、经济、高效的土壤治理技术,广泛应用于不饱和土壤中挥发性有机污染物的去除。以红壤为实验土样,北京潮土和吉林黑土为对照土样,选用最常见的挥发性有机污染物苯作为单一污染物,采用一维土柱通风模拟SVE过程,研究了不同土质对苯污染土壤去污过程的影响。同时选用苯与乙苯作为二元混合污染物,研究了土壤含水率对苯与乙苯污染红壤去污过程的影响。结果表明,对于二元混合物实验,在通风流量600 ml.min^-1、含水率16.8%时,苯与乙苯的净化时间分别降至最低36 h和84 h。不同类型土壤的对照实验表明,土壤质地与有机质含量也是SVE去污过程的重要影响因素。     

氯乙酸多元醇酯的合成

以氯化镁为催化剂，苯为带水剂，用氯乙酸分别与乙二醇、一缩二乙二醇，三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇在回流温度下反应，合成了4种相应的氯乙酸多元醇酯。用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了产物的结构，测定了产物的熔点或折光率，乙二醇酯和季戊四醇酯的熔点分别为44－45℃、99－100℃，一缩二乙二醇酯和三羟甲基丙烷基的折光率（nb^20）分别为1．4735、1．4894，用色谱测定了产物的纯度。     

阜新市凌河水源有机污染物调查

对阜新市凌河水源有机物污染状况进行调查分析。结果表明：该水源主要受到苯系物、多环芳烃、卤代苯、挥发性卤代烃及酞酸酯类的污染,但仅二氯甲烷1项超标,其他均低于国家标准值,同时提出了相应的污染防治对策。