含预制脱粘的加筋壁板损伤扩展

复合材料加筋壁板在制备过程中容易在筋条蒙皮胶界面处存在缺陷,加速了蒙皮与筋条界面脱粘,在极大程度上影响结构的承载能力。基于Abaqus有限元软件用内聚力模型(CZM)和虚拟裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)两种方法对筋条蒙皮界面含预制脱粘的加筋壁板损伤扩展进行研究,并对比试验结果验证了模型的合理性。给出预制脱粘前缘损伤起始时各型能量释放率的分布;进一步研究不同预制脱粘的位置、面积对加筋板最终破坏状态和结构承载能力的大小。对比发现脱粘前缘损伤起始时II型能量释放率的贡献最大;预制脱粘位于外侧时结构的承载能力比位于中部强;结构的承载能力随着预制脱粘面积的增加而减小。     

长桁中断复合材料胶接加筋板的拉伸失效分析

通过对长桁中断复合材料胶接加筋板的拉伸试验和有限元模拟,研究了复合材料加筋板的破坏特性。结果表明:长桁端头有很高的应力集中,桁条被切断导致加筋板传力路线改变;试件的破坏模式为蒙皮与长桁的筋条脱粘,脱粘起始于桁条端部,并沿着蒙皮与长桁的界面扩展;基于断裂力学失效准则的内聚力单元模拟胶接界面,可有效模拟复合材料加筋板的脱粘起始和扩展。验证了改进后的加筋板明显优于参考加筋板。讨论了几何参数对结构承载能力的影响,。     

含穿透损伤复合材料加筋板轴压试验研究

分别选取复合材料加筋板结构中三处典型位置进行落锤冲击损伤试验,产生穿透损伤,对损伤试件进行轴向压缩试验,得到屈曲失稳载荷及破坏载荷,并将试验结果与完好试件的试验结果进行对比,分析穿透损伤对结构压缩承载能力的影响。结果表明,筋条区蒙皮的冲击穿透损伤会使得结构的压缩局部屈曲载荷和压缩强度有较为明显的下降,而筋条间蒙皮和筋条凸缘处的穿透损伤对结构的压缩结果影响较小。另外,试验表明,含筋条凸缘穿透损伤的结构在压缩破坏过程中会出现较为明显的损伤扩展。试验结果可以为该型结构的工程应用提供有价值的参考。     

基于子模型的车钩裂纹扩展特性研究

为保证货车运营安全和车钩维修成本控制,基于子模型法在钩体和钩舌疲劳裂纹易发生区建立了含椭圆形表面裂纹模型。采用有限元法与交互积分法相结合的方法,分析了裂纹前缘3种开裂形式下的应力强度因子,确定了不同部位裂纹开裂的主要形式;分析了钩体牵引突缘和钩舌牵引面处裂纹在不同扩展阶段的前缘应力强度因子和扩展路径。结果表明,钩体牵引突缘过渡区和钩尾销孔处、钩舌的牵引面与牵引突缘过渡区的裂纹扩展形式主要以I型裂纹为主,钩体锁腔处裂纹扩展以II型裂纹和III型的复合型裂纹为主;随着裂纹扩展长度的增加,钩体牵引突缘过渡区和钩舌牵引面尖端处的应力强度因子大于裂纹深度尖端处的应力强度因子,表明当裂纹扩展到一定尺寸时,裂纹沿表面长度扩展大于沿深度方向的扩展,模拟的扩展路径与实际扩展路径相似,验证了数值模拟的准确性。     

Z-pin增强对自动铺丝复合材料T型接头拉脱、剪切性能影响的试验研究及数值模拟

针对自动铺丝复合材料T型接头,开展了Z-pin增强对结构件拉脱以及剪切性能影响的试验研究及数值模拟,拉脱试验和剪切试验分别在电子拉伸试验机(CMT5504)和MTS大吨位疲劳系统上进行。试验研究了Z-pin增强和非增强两种试件,绘制了位移-载荷曲线图。拉脱试验结果表明:Z-pin增强可显著提高拉脱承载能力,同时,与非增强T型接头相比,Z-pin增强明显延缓了掉载。试验件的破坏位置都在中间层和蒙皮之间;剪切试验结果表明;Z-pin增强可显著提高剪切承载能力,Z-pin增强试验件的破坏位置在筋条和中间层之间,非增强的试验件的破坏位置在中间层和蒙皮之间。在此基础上建立了T型件拉脱以及剪切有限元模型,采用内聚力模型模拟界面的破坏情况,在分层的部位建立添加非线性弹簧来模拟Z-pin的增强作用,模拟结果与实验结果比较吻合,验证了模型的有效性。     

硬齿面齿轮齿根裂纹扩展特性与剩余寿命研究

为了研究齿根裂纹对硬齿面齿轮疲劳寿命的影响,以某渐开线硬齿面齿轮为研究对象,基于断裂力学方法和疲劳裂纹扩展理论,分析研究了齿轮齿根疲劳裂纹扩展机制;建立了考虑载荷大小、初始裂纹大小以及初始裂纹位置等因素影响的硬齿面齿轮齿根裂纹扩展剩余寿命分析模型,研究了齿根裂纹不同扩展阶段的应力强度因子演变规律与裂纹扩展机制;根据某渐开线硬齿面齿轮副弯曲疲劳试验数据,对所建计算模型进行了分析与验证,证明了模型的准确性。结果表明,与Ⅱ型裂纹、Ⅲ型裂纹相比,Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子最大,从齿面到裂纹深度方向,其值逐渐减小;随载荷、裂纹长度、裂纹宽度以及初始裂纹距齿宽中心位置的距离等因素的增大,裂纹扩展剩余寿命都随之减小。     

典型机翼整体壁板止裂特性分析及优化设计

通过断裂力学的方法,应用大型有限元软件,分析典型加筋机翼整体壁板几何参数对止裂特性的影响.对各种参数下多筋条铝合金整体加筋壁板,裂纹从断裂筋条下向两侧均匀扩展的开裂模式,进行剩余强度的计算.采用遗传算法对典型加筋整体壁板参数进行优化设计,该计算与设计是根据中心加强件断裂的蒙皮双跨裂纹最大损伤范围的建议进行的.其能找出满足裂纹处在双跨筋条间距以内被有效止裂的条件下,使结构重量最轻的参数,为保证剩余强度下进行结构减重设计提供参考.     

含裂纹螺接件应力强度因子三维有限元分析

对飞机结构螺接件来说,最主要的强度问题之一,是在疲劳载荷下会产生裂纹并扩展。而目前对含裂纹螺接件的应力强度因子(Stress intensity factor,SIF)分析多以简化的二维有限元模型为主。为此,在考虑螺栓与孔壁间的非线性接触、摩擦和螺栓预紧力等因素影响的基础上,利用非线性有限元软件MSC.Marc构建含裂纹螺接件的三维有限元分析模型,通过分析得到不同损伤模式下的SIF与裂纹长度沿板厚度方向的变化曲线。结果表明,虽然螺接件孔边裂纹是复合型裂纹,但Ⅰ型SIF起主导作用,Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型SIF可忽略不计;在裂纹长度一定时,接触面处的SIF最大,外表面处最小,孔边双侧裂纹对称时的SIF大于孔边单侧裂纹情形;裂纹长度相同时,含沉孔螺接件接触面上的SIF大于直孔情形时相应的SIF,而外表面的SIF趋势则恰恰相反。     

飞机桁条-蒙皮连接结构的接触应力研究

飞机结构是由零部件通过铆接、螺接、胶接和焊接连接而组成的。连接区域应力分布情况及应力水平的研究对飞机结构的强度校核及连接区的失效破坏形式的预判有着重要的意义。基于非线性接触力学理论,利用MSC.Patran/Nastran有限元分析软件对机翼结构中复合材料桁条-蒙皮连接结构进行了研究。研究内容包括:各排钉孔的最大等效应力和钉传载荷的分布情况;对飞机桁条-蒙皮的两种连接方式,基于非线性接触理论,分别建立了桁条-蒙皮的螺接连接结构和胶-螺混合连接结构,对比了两种结构的等效应力水平大小与分布。得出以下结论:板间厚度比对孔周接触域的应力集中系数和应力分布的影响较大;处于外侧两排铆钉孔传递较大的钉传载荷,中间排的铆钉孔的钉传载荷较小;不同的连接形式对孔周应力水平影响较大。     

复合材料界面断裂的光弹性研究

使用了光弹性方法初步研究了复合材料的界面断裂规律 ,观察了裂纹沿界面的扩展过程 ,界面的应力分布 ,并结合断裂力学方法计算了复合材料界面的脱粘强度。实验现象揭示了当裂纹扩展到界面附近时 ,若基体和增强项的强度都大于界面结合强度 ,裂纹前端的应力首先通过界面脱粘而释放掉一部分 ,裂纹越过基体先沿着界面扩展 ,达到一定程度后基体再发生基体裂纹扩展     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.