Production and evaluation of a probiotic yogurt using Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei

Skimmed milk was inoculated with the commercial starter and Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei. pH changes, viable counts, and organoleptic properties of the produced control and probiotic yogurts were analysed. The pH decrease during the fermentation period was faster in the milk inoculated with L. casei plus starter. The growth of both starters in probiotic yogurt was significantly lower than their growth in control yogurt during the fermentation period. The viable count of the probiotic bacterium remained higher than the standard limit for probiotic products. There was no significant difference between the organoleptic properties of the control and the probiotic yogurts.     

Fermentation characteristics and transit tolerance of Lactobacillus casei Zhang in reconstituted mare milk during storage

The fermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus casei Zhang in mare milk and transit tolerance during refrigerated storage for 28 days were evaluated. There were no dramatic changes in the viable counts of L. casei Zhang in the fermented mare milk samples during storage at various inoculation levels. L. casei Zhang showed good tolerance to the simulated transit juice and maintained high viability in mare milk (above 10⁸cfu/g) during storage. Our results showed that L. casei Zhang had good probiotic properties, and suggest that mare milk could serve as the vehicle for the delivery of L. casei Zhang.     

益生乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang从基础研究到产业化开发

2001年-2009年,内蒙古农业大学乳品生物技术与工程教育部重点实验室从采集自中国西部7个省市及蒙古国14个省市不同少数民族地区951份自然发酵乳制品等样品中分离鉴定出3 388株乳酸菌,建立了中国首个原创性乳酸菌菌种资源库;从菌种库中分离自传统发酵酸马奶(koumiss)的243株乳杆菌中筛选获得1株性能优良的乳酸菌—Lactobacillus casei Zhang(L.casei Zhang)。采用5种动物模型和人体试验进行了功能评价,并利用基因组学和蛋白质组学研究技术对L.casei Zhang益生分子机制进行了深入剖析。经过多年系统的基础研究,自主解决了其产业化的关键技术问题,包括其直投式发酵剂、发酵乳制品和发酵豆乳益生菌饮料的研发并实现了产业化。     

利用Lactobacillus casei Zhang开发益生菌新鲜干酪

通过添加不同比例Lactobacillus casei Zhang发酵剂制作新鲜干酪,并对其在新鲜干酪中的活力和添加Lactobacillus后新鲜干酪的理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,Lb.casei Zhang在新鲜干酪中具有较高的活力,添加2%、1%、0.5% Lb.casei Zhang发酵剂的干酪中,4℃冷藏开始前,Lb.casei Zhang活菌数分别为2.24×10~8 cfu/g,1.38×10~8 cfu/g,5.55×10~7 cfu/g,4℃冷藏28d后,Lb.casei Zhang存活率分别为99.12%,98.31%,98.61%。在制作过程中和4℃冷藏过程中,与空白组相比,添加Lb.casei Zhang对新鲜干酪的pH值、滴定酸度、蛋白水解活性影响都不显著(P>0.05)。     

添加干酪乳杆菌的益生菌酸乳生产工艺条件的优化

以添加干酪乳杆菌的益生菌酸乳代替传统的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵的酸乳,采用单因素和正交实验设计,对影响酸乳生产工艺的菌种配比、接种量、发酵温度及发酵时间等主要因素进行了优化组合实验,以发酵过程中及后熟24h后的pH、酸度变化,并结合后熟酸乳的质构测定、感官评分和活菌数为综合指标,通过极差分析和方差分析,确定最佳生产工艺条件。本实验最终确定的最佳生产工艺条件为:乳酸菌(嗜热链球菌∶保加利亚乳杆菌=1∶1)∶干酪乳杆菌=2∶1,接种量3%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间为9h,在此生产条件下得到酸乳的感官评分为93.65分,硬度、稠度、凝聚性和粘度分别为138.975g、3448.022g·s、99.018g和299.117g·s,后熟24h后的酸度和活菌数也分别达到122°T和3.13×1011cfu/mL。该实验方法所得到的最佳生产工艺参数真实可靠,具有实际意义。      

益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响

以益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang(LCZ)为研究对象,将20只雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组,即对照组(NC组)和LCZ组(4×109 CFU/mL/d),通过Barnes迷宫试验测定成年大鼠到达目标洞的时间(潜伏期),探讨LCZ对大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响.结果 发现,在4d的空间学习能力训练过程中,LCZ组大鼠潜伏期逐渐短于...     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang在酸胁迫下的蛋白质组学研究

Lactobacillus casei Zhang是1株筛选自发酵酸马奶,并具有耐酸等益生特性的益生乳杆菌。该研究利用蛋白质组双向电泳,比较了其在pH值为7.0和5.5的培养液中分别生长至对数生长期中期的蛋白质组表达差异。结果表明,有11个蛋白质点表达发生明显变化,经过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱鉴定,其中有3个表达增强的蛋白质点分别鉴定为翻译因子(EF-Tu),N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱醛酶(NagA)和小热休克蛋白(sHsp)。酸胁迫可诱导乳酸菌产生复杂的酸应激反应,涉及不同的代谢调控途径。     

Comparative evaluation of yogurt and low-fat cheddar cheese as delivery media for probiotic Lactobacillus casei

This study used Lactobacillus casei 334e, an erythromycin-resistant derivative of ATCC 334, as a model to evaluate viability and acid resistance of probiotic L. casei in low-fat Cheddar cheese and yogurt. Cheese and yogurt were made by standard methods and the probiotic L. casei adjunct was added at approximately 10(7) CFU/g with the starter cultures. Low-fat cheese and yogurt samples were stored at 8 and 2 degrees C, respectively, and numbers of the L. casei adjunct were periodically determined by plating on MRS agar that contained 5 microg/mL of erythromycin. L. casei 334e counts in cheese and yogurt remained at 10(7) CFU/g over 3 mo and 3 wk, respectively, indicating good survival in both products. Acid challenge studies in 8.7 mM phosphoric acid (pH 2) at 37 degrees C showed numbers of L. casei 334e in yogurt dropped from 10(7) CFU/g to less than 10(1) CFU/g after 30 min, while counts in cheese samples dropped from 10(7) CFU/g to about 10(5) after 30 min, and remained near 10(4) CFU/g after 120 min. As a whole, these data showed that low-fat Cheddar cheese is a viable delivery food for probiotic L. casei because it allowed for good survival during storage and helped protect cells against the very low pH that will be encountered during stomach transit.     

单一干酪乳杆菌KL1发酵益生菌酸奶工艺条件的研究

应用单因素实验及正交实验,确定单一干酪乳杆菌KL1发酵酸奶的最佳原料乳,并对其益生菌酸奶发酵工艺条件进行优化。筛选得到的最佳原料乳为M₂,同时通过添加M₆改善酸奶的色泽与组织状态;采用三因素三水平L₉（3⁴）正交实验优化酸奶的发酵工艺条件,接种量是影响KL1发酵酸奶品质的最主要因素,确定干酪乳杆菌KL1发酵酸奶的优化条件如下:接种量为6.0%,M₆添加量1.0%,葡萄糖添加量1.5%,37℃下发酵酸奶22 h,优化后的益生菌酸奶的活菌数量较对照组高10倍。      

干酪乳杆菌Zhang在逆境条件下基因表达的差异分析

为了探讨益生菌干酪乳杆菌Zhang在低温、低pH值胁迫下转录水平上的基因表达差异.本文选取干酪乳杆菌Zhang中与糖代谢、氨基酸代谢、细胞膜脂肪酸以及应激蛋白等相关的12个主要基因为研究对象,将干酪乳杆菌Zhang用MRS液体培养基活化3代后置于4 ℃条件下进行逆境胁迫,间断性取样,采用反转录PCR对选定基因的表达水平...     

荧光定量PCR法检测益生菌饮料中Lactobacillus casei Zhang和Bifidobacterium lactis V9

益生菌活菌数是益生菌产品最重要的指标,而检测益生菌方法的准确性和科学性则至关重要.本文采用荧光定量PCR法同时定量检测益生菌饮料中Lactobacillus casei Zhang(L.casei Zhang)和Bifidobacterium lactis V9(B.lactis V9)的活菌数,并与平板菌落计数法进行比较.结果表明,荧光定量PCR法测得L.casei Zhang活菌数与平板菌落计数法测得活菌数差异不显著;而采用荧光定量PCR法测得B.lactis V9活菌数显著高于平板菌落计数法.荧光定量PCR法灵敏、特异、简便快速,可定量检测并真实反应L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9的活菌数.     

西藏灵菇中分离两株干酪乳杆菌及其益生特性比较研究

从西藏灵菇中筛选出28株革兰氏染色阳性菌,通过生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列同源性分析分离筛选出2株干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）G1、G2,对其进行益生特性比较研究。结果表明,菌株G1、G2均具有较快的产酸能力;均可以在较大温度范围中生长,最适温度为40 ℃左右;具有较强的耐酸性;菌株G2耐胆盐能力明显高于菌株G1;菌株G1、G2对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）和沙门氏菌（Salmonella）均具有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌的抑制效果较为明显;菌株G1、G2对抗生素敏感性存在差异,对庆大霉素、诺氟沙星和氯霉素均产生耐药性,呈现多重耐药性。     

益生菌在酸奶生产过程中对酵母和霉菌污染的控制

以商业生物保鲜菌(干酪乳杆菌)作参照,研究益生菌Laaobacillus casei Zhang在酸奶发酵和贮藏期间对酵母和霉菌污染的控制,及其对酸奶品质的影响.结果表明:酸奶中添加3.00× 106 g-1的L.casei Zhang,能防止酵母和霉菌的污染,具有延长酸奶保质期的效果,且抑菌效果高出商业生物保鲜菌50％.此外,添加L.casei Zhang最多缩短发酵时间1h,减缓酸奶后酸化程度,不影响酸奶贮藏期内酸度、黏度和持水性等.L.casei Zhang具有作为生物保鲜菌的优良特性,可应用于酸奶制品的工业化生产.     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang和Bifidobacterium lactis V9接种比例及乳固形物含量对其活菌数的影响

将益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang和Bifidobacterium lactis V9按1∶3、1∶1、3∶1(总接种量为2×106cfu/g)接种于总固形物含量为10%、12%、14%、16%的脱脂牛乳中,37℃恒温发酵至pH 4.5,于4℃贮藏28 d。测定发酵及贮藏结束2株益生菌活菌数。试验结果表明,发酵结束,当研究固形物质量分数相同,接种比例为3∶1时,L.casei Zhang和B.lactis V9的活菌数最高。贮藏结束,当接种比例相同,所含乳固形物质量分数为14%时,两株益生菌存活率显著高于其他固形物含量组(P<0.05)。本研究显示,L.casei Zhang和B.lactis接种比例为3∶1,乳固形物质量分数为14%时,两株益生菌生长良好且存活率高,适宜生产应用。     

金针菇汁酸奶的发酵特性研究

研究金针菇汁酸奶在发酵及贮藏过程中的pH值、滴定酸度、乳酸含量、丁二酮含量和乳酸菌总数的变化以及金针菇汁酸奶的氨基酸含量.结果表明:菇汁添加量为10%以上时,酸奶凝乳时间缩短,凝乳效果好于对照样;发酵过程中,添加菇汁的酸奶的pH值下降的速度、滴定酸度、乳酸及丁二酮增加的速度大于对照样,最终乳酸的含量趋于一致,而丁二酮的含量则是菇汁添加量越大,发酵结束时的含量也越大;菇汁添加量为10%以上时,酸奶在贮藏过程中,滴定酸度增加比较缓慢,乳酸菌总数下降较少;菇汁添加量10%的酸奶的氨基酸含量超过对照样12%.说明菇汁的添加促进了乳酸菌的生长,可以在一定程度上抑制酸奶的后酸化,金针菇汁酸奶具有较高的营养价值.     

干酪乳杆菌(HN-2)固态发酵培养基的优化

该研究选择一株具有水质净化能力的干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei HN-2),以麸皮及米糠为主要基质对其开展了固态发酵研究。通过部分因子析因试验设计及响应面分析,获得了最佳的固体培养基组合,包括:麸皮6.87g、米糠9.84g、葡萄糖0.26g、大豆蛋白胨0.10g、MgSO4.7H2O 0.05g、CaCO30.25g、K2HPO4.3H2O 0.10g。当初始湿度为65%、初始pH值为6.0时,在37℃经过48h的固态发酵,干酪乳杆菌HN-2的菌体密度最大可达2.47×1010cfu/g。     

Evaluation of the possible use of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains in dairy products

In the study, the ability of two potentially probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum 14 and Lactobacillus fermentum 4a to milk fermentation and the possibility to use them in yogurt production were investigated. The strains did not acidify milk during 24 h and 72 h fermentation at 37C, but grew well and remained at the level of 10⁸ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL during 21 days of cold storage. Their application to yogurt production along with commercial starter culture consisted on L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus allowed to obtain products with typical sensory properties, pH values and numbers of potentially probiotic bacteria at desired level 10⁷ CFU/mL.     

干酪乳杆菌KW3产胞外多糖的研究

从西藏农家开菲尔粒中筛选出1株高产胞外多糖(EPS)的乳酸菌KW3,生理生化试验和16S rDNA测序结果经鉴定其为干酪乳杆菌,在乳清培养基中的胞外多糖产量达到178mg/L。体外抗氧化试验表明:KW3胞外多糖总还原力达到(138.28±5.35)mgVC/g;当其质量浓度达到200μg/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除率37.53%,FRAP值为(600.16±15.23)FeSO4.7H2Oμmol/L。体内抗氧化试验显示KW3胞外多糖可显著降低衰老小鼠血清、肝和脑组织中的MDA含量,提高其SOD活性和GSH-Px活性。     

低聚果糖对干酪乳杆菌生长和代谢的影响

为研究干酪乳杆菌体外利用低聚果糖的生长代谢过程,分别以0.5%、1.5%、3%低聚果糖替代0.5%葡萄糖作为培养基碳源,取0、4、8、12、18、24h发酵液测p H、菌落数、代谢产物。结果表明:随着培养时间的延长,培养基中p H降低;0.5%低聚果糖培养基中干酪乳杆菌数量在8h时达到最高值,增加低聚果糖浓度到1.5%,干酪乳杆菌的数量随之增加;继续增加低聚果糖浓度到3%,干酪乳杆菌数量没有明显差异(p>0.05)。干酪乳杆菌代谢低聚果糖在4h时乙酸产量达到最高值,且3%低聚果糖培养基中乙酸产量是0.5%、1.5%低聚果糖的2倍;乳酸产量随着培养时间的延长逐渐积累,3%低聚果糖培养基中乳酸产量最多,干酪乳杆菌利用低聚果糖的主要代谢产物为乙酸和乳酸。      

Potentially probiotic açaí yogurt

The aim of this work was to evaluate the suitability of yogurt containing açaí pulp as a food carrier of probiotic cultures. Probiotic yogurts containing increasing amounts of açaí pulp (3, 5 and 7%) were processed and submitted to a physicochemical analysis and viable microbial count during refrigerated storage. In general, all the physicochemical parameters showed variations proportional to the amount of açaí pulp in the product formulation. Probiotic activity was verified throughout refrigerated storage for all the products, although there was a fall of one logarithmic cycle for both micro-organisms during this period (10⁷–10⁸ CFU/mL).