紧耦合气雾化参数对3D打印用金属粉末性能的影响

利用自主设计研发的紧耦合雾化制粉装置,采用真空感应熔炼气雾化工艺制备3D打印用Inconel 625合金粉末,通过调整雾化参数研究导液管内径对粉末粒度分布、表面形貌、氧含量(质量分数)及流动性能等特性的影响.结果表明:使用紧耦合雾化制粉装置制备出的粉末粒度范围较广,收得率较高,其中尺寸小于53μm的粉末收得率可达50％...     

组元粒度对AlSi包覆BN涂层组织性能的影响

本文制备三种不同粒度配比的AlSi包覆BN复合粉末,通过大气等离子喷涂制备AlSi/BN可磨耗封严涂层,对涂层的硬度,结合强度及涂层组织进行了研究,并通过试验研究了不同形态颗粒在喷涂沉积过程中的演变行为,试验表明,较细的AlSi包覆较小粒径的BN颗粒在喷涂过程中具有最好的沉积效果,BN损失最少,核心BN颗粒粗大的粉末沉积效果差,BN损失严重。     

Differential immunological aberrations in patients with primary and secondary Sj?gren''s syndrome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the dependence of fine particle dose charge (FPD charge) generated from powder inhalers on physico-chemical properties of the inhalation powder, inhaler type, deaggregation mechanism, dose number and/or retained powder. METHODS: Electrostatic charges were determined on micronized powders and aerosolized fine particle doses withdrawn from two, high efficiency, multidose powder inhalers, Turbohaler and prototype Dryhaler. The behavior of terbutaline sulfate, budesonide, albuterol (sulfate and base), beclomethasone dipropionate and lactose was assessed before and after aerosolization. RESULTS: Both inhalers conferred triboelectric FPD charges during aerosolization in the range -400 pC through +200 pC. Specific charges (charge/unit mass) on the fine particle doses of budesonide from Dryhaler were significantly less than those from Turbohaler (p < 0.01). Electrostatic charges on the potentially respirable cloud of terbutaline sulfate generated by Bricanyl Turbohaler were positive and/or negative and unpredictable. With Pulmicort Turbohaler, FPD charges on budesonide were always positive. Dryhaler was used to determine the chemical dependence of fine particle triboelectrification during the aerosolization of pure materials. A triboelectric series was constructed from the Dryhaler results ranking the powders from positive to negative as budesonide > lactose > albuterol sulfate > terbutaline sulfate > or = albuterol > or = beclomethasone dipropionate. CONCLUSIONS: While there was no evidence of FPD charge dependence upon dose number with either inhaler, FPD charges were dependent upon the powder under investigation, as well as the construction and deaggregation mechanism of the inhaler. The specific charge on the fine particle dose of budesonide from Turbohaler corresponded to approximately 200 electronic charges per particle, a value which is known to affect both total and regional aerosol deposition in the human lung. Electrostatic charge effects may be important determinants of aerosol behavior and should not be neglected.     

稀土Y对气雾化制备PH13-8Mo钢粉末特性的影响

摘要：研究了不同含量的稀土Y对选区激光熔化技术(SLM)用PH13 8Mo钢粉末特性的影响,并通过Thermo-Calc热力学软件、粉体综合特性测试仪、霍尔流速计、激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜和电子探针等方法对不同Y含量的PH13-8Mo钢粉末特性的变化规律进行研究。结果表明,随着金属粉末中Y含量的增加,金属粉末的松装密度从3.73提高到3.93g/cm3,50g粉末的自由流动时间从25.44减小到25.11s,粉末的流动性变好。同时,PH13 8Mo钢粉末的平均粒径从37.29减小到30.99μm,粉末的粒度分布区间变窄。研究还发现,不含Y的PH13-8Mo钢粉末的组织由树枝晶和等轴晶组成,而Y质量分数为0.080%的PH13 8Mo钢粉末的组织均由等轴晶组成。综上,在PH13.8Mo钢粉末中加入稀土Y,粉末的特性得到优化。     

以甲基纤维素作分散剂制备高分散超细银粉

以AgNO3为原料,抗坏血酸为还原剂,甲基纤维素为分散剂,采用化学液相还原法制备超细银粉,研究温度、分散剂用量、pH值等对银粉分散性、粒度和形貌的影响。结果表明,反应温度对银粉形貌有很大的影响,当温度为25和30℃时,银粉为不规则的类球形;当温度为40、50和60℃时,银粉均为树枝状。分散剂用量越大,银粉的分散性越好。pH值对银粉粒度有很大的影响,随pH值增加,银粉粒度逐渐减小,当pH值从2增加至10时,所得银粉粒度分别为2.26和0.053μm。最佳工艺为:温度为25℃,pH值为2,分散剂与抗坏血酸质量比为0.02,所得银粉分散性良好,平均粒度为2.21μm。     

Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of an ultrafine-grained Al-20 wt pct Si alloy

The effect of powder particle size on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of Al-20 wt pct Si alloy powders was studied in both the gas-atomized and extruded conditions. The microstructure of the as-atomized powders consisted of fine Si particles and that of the extruded bars showed a homogeneous distribution of fine eutectic Si and primary Si particles embedded in the Al matrix. The grain size of fcc-Al varied from 150 to 600 nm and the size of the eutectic Si and primary Si was about 100 to 200 nm in the extruded bars. The room-temperature tensile strength of the alloy with a powder size <26 μm was 322 MPa, while for the coarser powder (45 to 106 μm), it was 230 MPa. The tensile strength of the extruded bar from the fine powder (<26 μm) was also higher than that of the Al-20 wt pct Si-3 wt pet Fe (powder size: 60 to 120 μm) alloys. With decreasing powder size from 45 to 106 μm to <26 μm, the specific wear of all the alloys decreased significantly at all sliding speeds due to the higher strength achieved by ultrafine-grained constituent phases. The thickness of the deformed layer of the alloy from the coarse powder (10 μm at 3.5 m/s) was larger on the worm surface in comparison to the bars from the fine powders (5 μm at 3.5 m/s), attributed to the lower strength of the bars with coarse powders.     

Ti?Al?8V?5Fe合金粉末的制备及性能

为制备3D打印用粉末原料,选用真空自耗电弧熔炼技术制备的无“β斑”Ti?1Al?8V?5Fe（Ti185）合金锭,经高温锻造成?100 mm棒材作为电极棒,采用等离子旋转电极雾化技术制备球形Ti185合金粉末,利用振动筛分法、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析等手段对粉末性能进行表征。结果表明:Ti185合金粉末粒度分布较宽,主要在44～150 μm之间,粉末的氧含量（质量分数）≤0.14%,粒度≤44 μm粉末的收得率为11.6%。粒度≤150 μm粉末的流动性为24.79 [s?(50 g)?1],松装密度为2.79 g?cm?3,振实密度为2.99 g?cm?3。等离子旋转电极雾化技术冷却速度快,所制备的Ti185合金粉末均为β相,粉末颗粒球形度较高,基本无卫星粉。此外,粒度≥124 μm的粉末表面为胞状枝晶组织,存在少量很浅的凸凹不平的微小缩孔,内部组织为快速凝固形成的胞状结构,晶界粗大明显,呈多点形核特征。随着粉末粒度的减小,冷却速度提高,粉末颗粒表面的胞状枝晶组织逐渐减少,粒度44 μm以下粉末颗粒的表面较光滑,内部组织形核点明显增多且呈现放射状生长趋势,组织明显细化。     

Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of an ultrafine-grained Al-20 wt pct Si alloy

The effect of powder particle size on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of Al-20 wt pct Si alloy powders was studied in both the gas-atomized and extruded conditions. The microstructure of the as-atomized powders consisted of fine Si particles and that of the extruded bars showed a homogeneous distribution of fine eutectic Si and primary Si particles embedded in the Al matrix. The grain size of fcc-Al varied from 150 to 600 nm and the size of the eutectic Si and primary Si was about 100 to 200 nm in the extruded bars. The room-temperature tensile strength of the alloy with a powder size <26 μm was 322 MPa, while for the coarser powder (45 to 106 μm), it was 230 MPa. The tensile strength of the extruded bar from the fine powder (<26 μm) was also higher than that of the Al-20 wt pct Si-3 wt pct Fe (powder size: 60 to 120 μm) alloys. With decreasing powder size from 45 to 106 μm to <26 μm, the specific wear of all the alloys decreased significantly at all sliding speeds due to the higher strength achieved by ultrafine-grained constituent phases. The thickness of the deformed layer of the alloy from the coarse powder (10 μm at 3.5 m/s) was larger on the worn surface in comparison to the bars from the fine powders (5 μm at 3.5 m/s), attributed to the lower strength of the bars with coarse powders.     

RF-PCVD法碳化钨纳米粉的制备

以WCl6+H2+C2H2为反应体系,采用高频等离子化学气相沉积法(RF-PCVD)制备了纳米级碳化钨(WC)粉体,用HRTEM(高分辨率透射显微镜)、XRD(X光衍射)表征了WC粉体的形貌和物相组成,粉体为以WC为主体、W2C和WC1-X的多相共存的混合体,微粒呈近球形与少量棱柱形混合体,粒径范围为50￣100nm,平均粒径为70nm。     

紧耦合气雾化技术制备选区激光熔化用18Ni300合金粉末的研究

基于紧耦合气雾化技术制备符合选区激光熔化用18Ni300合金粉末, 重点研究了雾化压力对粉末粒度(中值粒径, D₅₀)、粒度分布、球形度、氧含量、流动性和松装密度等特性的影响。结果表明: 雾化压力对上述粉末特性影响显著, 当雾化压力在3.5 MPa到4.5 MPa范围时, 随着压力的提高, 粉末粒度降低、表面形貌改善、流动性变好、松装密度增加。当雾化压力为4.5 MPa时, 所制备的粉末综合特性最优, 粉末粒度(D₅₀)为34 μm, 球形度为0.77, 氧含量为0.02%(质量分数), 流动性为17.4[s·(50g)-1], 松装密度为4.32g·cm-3, 15~53 μm粒径范围粉末收得率为38.1%, 满足选区激光熔化技术对金属粉末性能的要求。     

Effect of scandia on tungsten oxide powder reduction process

Scandia doped tungsten powders were prepared by spray drying combined with two-step hydrogen reduction.The particle size of doped tungsten powder,powder morphology and doped tungsten matrix were characterized by scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffrac-tion and laser diffraction particle size analyzer,respectively.The reduction behavior of Sc2O3 doped tungsten oxide and the effect of Sc2O3 on the property of tungsten powder were studied by the temperature programmed reduction.The experimental results showed that the pre-cursor powders prepared by spray drying had spherical shape.The addition of Sc2O3 could decrease the reduction temperature of tungsten oxide.The scandia doped tungsten powder had sub-micrometer size in the range of 0.1 to1 μm and scandium distributed evenly in the powder.By using this kind powder,sub-microstructure cathode matrices with semispherical grains and homogenous distribution of scan-dium were obtained.     

Effects of Si and Ni powder refining on the formation mechanism of nickel silicides induced by mechanical alloying

The synthesis of the Ni₂Si, Ni₅Si₂, and NiSi phases has been investigated by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ni-33.3 at. pct Si, Ni-28.6 at. pct Si, and Ni-50 at. pct Si powder mixtures. As-received and 60-minute premilled elemental powders were subjected to MA. The average surface area of the premilled Ni powder particles, which had a flaky shape, was 3.5 times larger than that of the as-received Ni powder particles, which had a spherical shape. The as-received Si powder was angular in shape and the mean particle size was 19.1 μm, whereas the mean particle size of the premilled Si powder was 10 μm. A self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction, followed by a slow solid-state diffusion reaction, was observed to produce Ni silicide phases during MA of the elemental powders. The reactants and the product, however, coexisted for a long period of MA time. On the other hand, only the SHS reaction was observed to produce Ni silicides during MA of the premilled elemental powders, indicating that Ni silicides formed rather abruptly in a short period of MA time. The mechanisms and reaction rates for the formation of Ni silicides via MA appeared to be influenced by the elemental powder particle size and shape as well as the heat of formation of the products.     

Sintering densification for powder mixtures of varying distribution widths

A model for the sintering of bimodal powders is used to evaluate densification results for log-normal particle size distributions involving a constant median size on a weight basis. The model predicts a minimum in densification for distributions of intermediate width when the green density is held constant. This has been observed experimentally for sintered tungsten powders. As a consequence, wide particle size distributions are attractive for high packing and sintering densities, indicating possible new feedstock formulations for shaping technologies such as powder injection molding and slip casting.     

电极感应气雾化法制备新型高硬度马氏体铁基合金粉末

利用正交试验研究了电极感应气雾化（electrode induction gas atomization,EIGA）制粉工艺参数（雾化压力、雾化气体温度和熔炼功率）对新型高硬度马氏体铁基合金粉末粒径分布、粉末流动性和收得率的影响规律。结果表明,粉末粒径分布及其特征主要取决于雾化压力,粉末流动性及收得率主要受雾化压力及雾化气体温度的影响。当制粉工艺参数为雾化压力1.5 MPa、熔炼功率15 kW、雾化气体温度40 ℃时,所得粉末的收得率最高,粒径大小在53～180 μm之间的粉末质量占比高达68.24%,兼具较好的粉末流动性及粉末粒度分布标准偏差,粉末形貌最佳。     

Milling of Carbide-Steel Powder Components and Their Mixtures in an Attrition Mill

Milling of wear-resistant steel and titanium carbide powders is studied with an attrition mill rotation rate of 980 rpm. The physical and technological properties of powders and particle size are determined. Particle shape and the change in material chemical composition during milling are studied. It is established that steel powder cannot be milled to particle sizes less than 3.6 μm whereas a mixture of steel and titanium carbide can be milled to a fine state (0.3 μm). Powders with a size of about 1 μm neither flow nor are formable. Use of benzene as a milling medium makes it possible to prevent steel powder oxidation, but the carbon content in titanium carbide decreases. During milling of the main part of the charge to a fine state rather large steel particles (up to 50 μm) remain.     

铁粉粒度对粉末冶金材料制动摩擦性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备含4种粒度(20μm、30μm、50μm、70μm)铁粉增强的铜基摩擦材料,研究铁粉粒度对材料力学性能和制动摩擦性能的影响。采用TM-1型惯性试验台测试材料的制动摩擦性能,试验初速度为50~380 km/h。结果表明:铁粉粒度从20μm增加到70μm时,材料硬度从55.67 HRB降低到31.83HRB,剪切强度从12.56 MPa下降到10.27 MPa。这种硬度和强度的下降使大粒度样品表现出反常的摩擦特性:随着制动速度的提高,铁粉粒度为70μm的F70样品的摩擦因数不降低反而升高,当制动速度从120 km/h上升到380 km/h时,摩擦因数从0.338持续升高到0.356,并且从350 km/h后摩擦因数稳定不变。这种高而稳定的摩擦因数是保证列车在高速下紧急制动、平稳停驶所必需的。     

Effects of Si and Ni powder refining on the formation mechanism of nickel silicides induced by mechanical alloying

The synthesis of the Ni₂Si, Ni₅Si₂, and NiSi phases has been investigated by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ni-33.3 at. pct Si, Ni-28.6 at. pct Si, and Ni-50 at pct Si powder mixtures. As-received and 60-minute premilled elemental powders were subjected to MA. The average surface area of the premilled Ni powder particles, which had a flaky shape, was 3.5 times larger than that of the asreceived Ni powder particles, which had a spherical shape. The as-received Si powder was angular in shape and the mean particle size was 19.1 μm, whereas the mean particle size of the premilled Si powder was 10 μm. A self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction, followed by a slow solid-state diffusion reaction, was observed to produce Ni silicide phases during MA of the elemental powders. The reactants and the product, however, coexisted for a long period of MA time. On the other hand only the SHS reaction was observed to produce Ni silicides during MA of the premilled elemental powders, indicating that Ni silicides formed rather abruptly in a short period of MA time. The mechanisms and reaction rates for the formation of Ni silicidesvia MA appeared to be influenced by the elemental powder particle size and shape as well as the heat of formation of the products. W.H. LEE, Professor, formerly with the School of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 133-791, Korea     

Formation and Sintering Behavior of Nanocrystalline Fe-Ni Powder by Mechanical Alloying

Thepotentialapplicationofnanostructuredma terialsusedasnovelstructuralorfunctionalengi neeringmaterialslargelydependsontheconsolida tionofpowdersbywhichthebulknanostructuredsolidsaremade .Theretentionofthemetastablemi crostructureintheconsolidationprocessismandato ryforpreservingthesuperiormechanical,electricalorcatalyticpropertiesofthematerial.Severalau thorsshowedthatthepressure assistedsinteringisadequateforbothreachingfulldensityandprevent inggraingrowth ,besidesthenanostructuredmateri als…     

CrAlY 粒径对复合电沉积 NiCrAlY 涂层成分与组织影响

实验选取六种不同粒径CrAlY粉末进行复合电沉积Ni-CrAlY镀层制备,研究CrAlY粒径对镀层中CrAlY复合量及复合镀层生长速度的影响。采用化学分析法测试镀层中CrAlY的复合量,初步研究了CrAlY粉末粒径对其复合量的影响规律和机理。结果表明,随着CrAlY粒径的减小,镀层中CrAlY复合量和镀层生长速度明显增加,在CrAlY名义粒径低于500目时均达到最大。分析认为,较大粒径的粉末难以被镍基体包覆完全,从而在搅拌作用下被镀液冲刷,沉积过程相对困难,影响镀层的复合量和生长速度。     

Effect of scandia on tungsten oxide powder reduction process

Scandia doped tungsten powders were prepared by spray drying combined with two-step hydrogen reduction. The particle size of doped tungsten powder, powder morphology and doped tungsten matrix were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and laser diffraction particle size analyzer, respectively. The reduction behavior of Sc₂O₃ doped tungsten oxide and the effect of Sc₂O₃ on the property of tungsten powder were studied by the temperature programmed reduction. The experimental results showed that the precursor powders prepared by spray drying had spherical shape. The addition of Sc₂O₃ could decrease the reduction temperature of tungsten oxide. The scandia doped tungsten powder had sub-micrometer size in the range of 0.1 to1 μm and scandium distributed evenly in the powder. By using this kind powder, sub-microstructure cathode matrices with semispherical grains and homogenous distribution of scandium were obtained.