Vulnérabilité aux erreurs de transmission de signaux sonores de haute qualité et méthodes de protection

The present paper deals with protection methods of high quality digital sound signals in presence of transmission errors. They are strongly related to the coding and the bit rate reduction methods used in the digital treatment of sound signals. Therefore, the first part is assigned to these aspects. Part 2 describes a procedure for a subjective evaluation of the impairments caused on digital sound signals by transmission errors. This procedure was used during tests realised in the ccett.Part 3 summarizes the main results of these tests and proposes a strategy for the protection which ensures a satisfying compromise between quality and simplicity.     

Méthodes d’analyse et de synthèse de quelques “ microantennes” à large bande en mode quasi transversal électromagnétique

The transmission line model has been utilized to determine the input impedance, the bandwidth, the radiation patterns and the mutual impedance of several microstrip antennas such as the arbitrary shape patch antennas and the wideband flat dipole which is an hybrid radiating source. We suppose that the dominant mode of propagation is the quasiTem one having negligible variation of fields in the transverse direction. Nevertheless a general scattering problem of an arbitrary shaped tridimensional antenna solved by moments method and the finite difference approach applied to integral equations has explained the very large bandwidth microstrip antenna behaviour. The wideband flat dipole has been used in flat arrays, with more than several hundred of such elements, and in microstrip phased arrays with beam steering in a large angular sector.     

Sur les méthodes de calcul de l’exposant linéique de propagation et d’impédance caractéristique des câbles aériens et enterrés

The propagation constant of a line or a cable, and its characteristic impedance represent two parameters which are needed in order to calculate the variation as a function of the time of a current induced by an emp.For the aerial lines expressions which take into account the presence of the soil could be developed but the case of the buried conductors is of a more difficult approach. The aim of this study is to present solutions introduced by different authors and to compare them with a calculation method for the propagation constant using iterations, proposed by the authors. If this value is known it is shown that the characteristic impedance calculation of buried cables can be improved by avoiding the necessity to compute with a reasonable precision the impedance of the ground.     

Présentation de quelques modèles stochastiques de canal MIMO et comparaison expérimentale

Performances ofMimo systems are dependant on the propagation channel properties. These properties must be correctly introduced in theMimo channel propagation models. Several model families exist. We will particularly investigate those relying on the use of second order statistic parameters. No comparison of these models was found in a same propagation environment. As a result, this paper deals with a comparison of six different stochastic models in “indoor” and “outdoor” environments. The principle and the mathematical representation ofMimo systems are introduced. Then, we present the different models considered. The statistical parameters used in the models are computed using an experimental characterization of the two environments. The six models are then compared to measurements using the channel coefficient envelope distribution and the channel capacity. The ability of the models to express the correlation level in the channel is analysed and discussed.     

Méthodes numériques utilisées dans le programme de simulation électrique ELDO

This article describes the original numerical methods introduced in a new circuit simulator named eldo.Its basic algorithm named osr (onestep relaxation) replaces the classical Newton method to solve the implicit schemes with large number of variables. A derived algorithm from osr allows the resolution of very large linear systems,eldo is able to simulate circuits containing 10 000 variables and 15 000 transistors.     

Codage différentiel de la parole: algorithmes de prédiction adaptative et performances

This paper describes several speech coding algorithms using adaptive differential pulse code modulation (adpcm) and gives subjective and objective results without and with transmission errors. Subjective results show that these algorithms allow a reduction of the standardpcm bit rate by a factor 2. The best results are obtained by adaptive lattice predictors. The behaviour of the described algorithms in some configuration that will appear in the telephone network, i.e. multiple codings and transcodings frompcm, is also studied.     

Étude du comportement d’une boucle de Costas en modulation MAQ 16 en présence d’évanouissements sélectifs

This paper gives the variance of the phase recovered by a conventional quadriphase Costas loop in 16 Qam modulation in the presence of a selective fading, represented as a three rays simplified model. The power spectral density of the phase error is computed using a spectral estimation technique. The phase error variance is evaluated for different values of the fade depth, the location of the maximum attenuation in the frequency band and the delay of the reflected ray. Finally the relation between the performance degradation and phase noise is given, assuming a gaussian p.d.f. of the phase error.