高甜度蔗糖衍生物的研究(Ⅰ)——三氯蔗糖及其制备原理

三氯蔗糖是一种全新概念的食品甜味剂,具有甜度高、甜味特性好、安全性高等突出优点,代表着当前强力甜味剂的最高成就.目前全世界仅英国Tate&Lyle公司有生产,但其生产技术尤其是核心步骤与工艺参数秘而不宣.本文首先讨论蔗糖卤代衍生物的增甜原理,及通过全基团保护法制备三氯蔗糖的原则.     

超级甜味剂三氯蔗糖的开发与研究

三氯蔗糖在很多用途方面可替代蔗糖,是迄今为止开发出来的一种最为理想的强力甜味剂,甜度大约是蔗糖的400～800倍,其甜味纯正;有广泛的pH稳定范围和热稳定性.介绍了三氯蔗糖的甜味特性、物理性质和产生甜味的原因以及它在食品工业上的开发研究和应用.     

三氯蔗糖的制备及新的甜受体模型

１′,６′－二氯－１′,６′－二脱氧－β－Ｄ－呋喃果糖基－４－氯－４－脱氧－α－Ｄ－吡喃半乳糖苷（俗称三氯蔗糖,其商品名为Ｓｕｃｒａｌｏｓｅ）是一种新型甜味剂。该甜味剂品味好,甜度高,其甜味完全接近蔗糖,而且加工性能优良,它对温度和ｐＨ稳定,也不会给食品口味、色泽、组织带来不利影响,是糖精、乙酰磺胺钾及二肽酯类的阿斯巴丹和阿里甜等甜味剂不可替代的优良甜味剂,具有广泛的市场开发前景。本文还提出了一种新型甜受体模型以识别和探求新的甜味分子。     

全基团保护法制备三氯蔗糖的原理

三氯蔗糖是一种全新概念的食品甜味剂 ,具有甜度高、甜味特性好、安全性高等突出优点 ,代表着当前强力甜味剂的最高成就。目前全世界仅有Tate&Lyle集团生产 ,对其生产技术 (核心步骤与工艺参数 )秘而不宣。本文讨论蔗糖卤代衍生物的增甜原理 ,及通过全基团保护法制备三氯蔗糖的原理     

改善三氯蔗糖稳定性的研究

三氯蔗糖作为强力甜味剂,具有甜度高、甜味特性好、安全性高等突出优点,但是在保存的过程中不可避免的会产生气味。本文研究了通过加入缓冲剂、调节溶液pH和改变最终产品含水量等方法改善三氯蔗糖产品的稳定性。      

改善三氯蔗糖稳定性的研究

三氯蔗糖作为强力甜味剂,具有甜度高、甜味特性好、安全性高等突出优点,但是在保存的过程中不可避免的会产生气味。本文研究了通过加入缓冲剂、调节溶液pH和改变最终产品含水量等方法改善三氯蔗糖产品的稳定性。     

三氯蔗糖的特性及在食品加工中的应用

本文对三氯蔗糖的物理化学特性、特点及其作为食品加工中甜味剂的应用效果做了详细的论述。     

单酯法合成三氯蔗糖的研究

以蔗糖为原料,运用单酯法(二丁基锡氧化物法),经6-位乙酰化,氯代,脱乙酰基三步合成得到三氯蔗糖,总产率19.54%,产品质量指标符合FCC(IV)要求。     

食品添加剂三氯蔗糖的含量测定

采用高效液相色谱法，RadPak C18色谱柱，以乙腈 水=15 85为流动相，示差折光仪为检测器，外标法进行定量分析，测定三氯蔗糖含量，所得结果良好，相对标准偏差为0．11％(n=5)，线性相关系数为0．1994。三氯蔗糖的最小检测量在微克级。     

Sweetness intensity perception and pleasantness ratings of sucrose, aspartame solutions and cola among multi-ethnic Malaysian subjects

As the sugar intake of Malaysians is one of the highest in the Asia Pacific region, we wanted to investigate how this high prevalence of ‘sweet tooth’ is influenced by biological determinants like age, gender, ethnicity and Body Mass Index (BMI). This study therefore sought to use the generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale to evaluate the sweetness intensity perception and pleasantness ratings of not only three increasing suprathreshold concentrations of sucrose and a popular naturally-sweetened carbonated beverage - Coca-Cola®, but also their non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) counterparts - aspartame and Coca-Cola Light®. Taken together, the overall intensity of NNS solutions and beverage was perceived as significantly higher, but not for their pleasantness. The intensity perception and pleasantness of most sweet solutions were not significantly associated with gender and BMI. Overall, Malays had a lower perceived intensity of sweet stimuli compared to other ethnicities, but a conclusion of the influence of ethnicity on sweetness pleasantness could not be met. Lastly, sweetness intensity perception and pleasantness ratings for both colas decreased significantly with age.     

Sweetness and texture perceptions in structured gelatin gels with embedded sugar rich domains

Layered and homogeneous gelatin gels with controlled rheological properties were compared for their sensory characteristics, specifically sweetness, hardness, breakdown behaviour and frothing. All gels and layers had a gelatin/water concentration of 5%. The total sugar concentration was 9% in the layered samples and 0, 9, 15 or 22.5% in the homogeneous samples. These concentrations corresponded to the concentrations in the single layers.A seven-layered sample with different sugar concentrations in the layers gave a higher early sweetness intensity than a homogeneous gel with the same mean total sugar concentration. All layered gels were similar in hardness, breakdown behaviour and frothing; for the homogenous samples, sensory hardness was decreased in samples with much sugar. These gels also fell into smaller pieces than the sugarless sample. This study shows that it is possible by controlling the sugar distribution within a sample to produce sweeter gels while the sugar content is maintained.     

Sweetness and texture perception in mixed pectin gels with 30% sugar and a designed rheology

Pure low-methoxyl (LM) pectin and mixtures of LM and high-methoxyl (HM) pectin in different ratios were used to produce gels with control over the rheological parameter storage modulus (G′). The gels either had similar pectin concentrations and different G′ values, or different pectin concentrations and similar G′ values. All gels were prepared with 30 g/100 g sugar, in the presence of 0.1 g/100 g CaCl₂, at pH 3.5; these are conditions that favour gel formation of both LM and HM pectin.The gels were compared for their sensory characteristics; specifically sweetness, sourness, thickness, and glueyness. Sweetness was found to increase with increasing storage modulus (G′) in pectin gels of similar pectin concentration, but different G′ values. Gels with higher proportions of LM pectin were perceived as sweeter than those with low LM pectin ratios. These gels also had increasing loss modulus (G″), and increasing differences between G′ and G″, which indicates that diffusion has a bearing on the perception of sweetness in pectin gels. Thickness and glueyness were mostly determined by total pectin concentration. Thickness also increased with increasing LM pectin concentration while glueyness increased with increasing HM pectin concentration.     

Fat Concentration Affects Sweetness and Sensory Profiles of Sucrose, Sucralose, and Aspartame

The sensory characteristics of sucralose, aspartame, and sucrose were studied in an unflavored lipid model system varying in fat levels. One study investigated the effects of fat on the potencies (vs. sucrose) of sucralose and aspartame. We also examined absolute changes in all three sweeteners in taste, temporal, and mouthfeel properties at fiied concentrations across a wide fat range. Results indicated a modest decrease in the potencies of sucralose and aspartame across fat concentrations, especially at lower sweetness levels. All sweeteners responded similarly to changes in fat concentration. Independent of fat level, sucralose was perceived more similar to aspartame in onset, bitterness, and aftertaste, than to sucrose.