磷脂酶D催化合成磷脂酰丝氨酸的工艺研究

本文研究了磷脂酶D催化合成磷脂酰丝氨酸的工艺,实验结果表明有机相和水相比例、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)浓度、反应温度、水相pH以及反应时间都对磷脂酰丝氨酸的制备有一定的影响。通过正交实验优化利用磷脂酶D催化合成磷脂酰丝氨酸的最佳工艺为:有机相和水相的比例为4/4、PC浓度为75mg/mL、反应温度为40℃、水相pH值为4.0、反应时间为12h,在此工艺条件下磷脂酰丝氨酸得率为:68.9%。     

水相法合成磷脂酰丝氨酸体系的优化研究

本文对水相法合成磷脂酰丝氨酸在工业生产中的关键变量进行了研究。结果表明,水相法合成磷脂酰丝氨酸最佳体系为水量∶大豆磷脂∶丝氨酸的比例为3.0∶1.0∶0.8(mL∶g∶g)、酶液添加量为磷脂酰胆碱的20%、温度45℃、时间6 h。最终磷脂酰丝氨酸含量为54.52%,转化率高达93.4%。本研究为磷脂酰丝氨酸在工业化生产中的应用提供了重要参考依据。     

磷脂酶D催化高温降解后大豆磷脂合成磷脂酰丝氨酸工艺研究

研究以粗大豆卵磷脂为原料,经过高温降解后采用含磷脂酶D发酵液催化合成磷脂酰丝氨酸的工艺。为了确定高温降解粗大豆卵磷脂的最佳工艺,设计了相应的正交试验。结果表明,通过正交试验优化,以1倍体积水饱和的乙酸丁酯为溶剂,127℃降解40 h能够有效改变粗大豆卵磷脂中其他磷脂的结构和化学性质,有利于磷脂酰胆碱的进一步纯化。通过甲醇提纯后进一步通过磷脂酶D发酵液催化合成磷脂酰丝氨酸,最后采用无水乙醇作为产品的提纯溶剂进行分离纯化,最终得到磷脂酰丝氨酸含量为48.45%的产品。     

酶法合成富含二十二碳六烯酸的磷脂酰丝氨酸

通过以鱿鱼卵磷脂和L-丝氨酸为原料,对磷脂酶D催化酰基转移反应制备磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidylserine,PS)的工艺条件进行探索,并进行了优化试验,确定反应的最佳工艺。通过单因素试验法分别探讨有机相种类、反应温度、水相p H、有机相水相体积比、底物质量比、酶量、反应时间等因素对PS合成率的影响,得到初步优化条件。之后,做四因素三水平的正交试验,优化制备PS的工艺条件。最优工艺条件:水相p H4.5、有机相水相体积比5∶6、反应温度40℃、酶量40 U、底物质量比1∶32、反应时间6 h。在该条件下PS合成率为97.65%,DHA含量为33.10%。     

磷脂酶D的纯化及催化制备磷脂酰丝氨酸研究

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、离子交换层析和凝胶层析对广岛链霉菌SK43.001-11发酵液中的磷脂酶D进行纯化,并对双液相体系中酶法制备磷脂酰丝氨酸的工艺进行研究。结果表明,纯化后,磷脂酶D比酶活提高到49.48 U/mg,是粗酶液的54. 37倍,回收率为32.31%。磷脂酶D双液相催化制备磷脂酰丝氨酸的最佳条件为:有机相为乙醚,pH6.5,反应温度30℃,L-丝氨酸与磷脂酰胆碱质量比15∶1,有机相与水相体积比1∶1,反应时间2.5h。在最佳条件下,磷脂酰丝氨酸生成率达到74.8%。     

固定化磷脂酰胆碱水相酶催化合成磷脂酰丝氨酸

本文构建了一种固定化底物磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine,PC)水相催化体系,磷脂酶D转化PC合成磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidylserine,PS)新技术。探讨了沉淀剂种类、载体类型和底物初始添加量等主要因素,对固定化底物PC过程中PC吸附率的影响,获得了最佳工艺参数。在此基础上,进一步研究了固定化底物PC酶法合成PS的时间反应动力学和酶重复利用特性。结果表明,催化反应24 h后,PS得率为98.74%,磷脂酶D重复使用10次,PS得率仍然大于60%。文章还比较了固定化底物水相催化体系和双液相催化体系酶法合成PS效果,结果发现,固定化底物水相催化体系中PS得率和酶循环利用特性均优于双液相催化体系。本文研究结果为今后酶法改性PC合成PS提供了一种新的催化反应体系。     

磷脂酶反应体系中丝氨酸含量的测定

磷脂酶是一类特殊的酯键水解酶,具有磷脂酰基转移特性,能催化含羟基化合物结合到磷脂的酰基上.在水的单相体系中可以利用磷脂酶的磷脂酰基转移特性来催化卵磷脂和丝氨酸反应,可以通过测定丝氨酸量的减少量来决定丝氨酸的转化率.本研究运用茚三酮-分光光度法检测卵磷脂和丝氨酸磷脂酶反应体系中丝氨酸的含量,测定丝氨酸最大吸收波长,并对该体系中的缓冲液pH值、茚三酮用量、反应时间进行研究.结果表明:丝氨酸最大吸收波长为570nm,缓冲液pH为6.0、茚三酮用量为1.4mL、反应时间为30min时,对丝氨酸含量的测定结果更为准确.     

磷脂酶D特性及其在磷脂酰丝氨酸合成中的应用

磷脂酰丝氨酸（Phosphatidylserine，PS）是一种新资源食品，在自然界中含量稀少，提取困难。磷脂酶D（Phospholipase D，PLD）是生物酶法制备磷脂酰丝氨酸的关键合成酶。本文主要介绍了PLD的分子结构特点、催化机理及酶活特性，并总结了目前PS的制备方法，重点对PLD酶催化制备磷脂酰丝氨酸的研究进展及反应体系进行了论述，并对催化制备PS反应体系的选择进行了分析和展望，以期为深化酶法技术制备PS的研究提供参考，以此推动新资源食品PS的工业化生产和应用。     

磷脂酶D的重组表达及其在磷脂酰丝氨酸合成中的应用

对磷脂酶D(phospholipase D,PLD)进行重组表达,并探究其在生物催化合成磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidylserine,PS)中的应用。以大肠杆菌E. coli BL21 (DE3)作为PLD的异源表达宿主,构建重组菌E. coli BL21(DE3)/p ET-28a(+)-sspld,通过蛋白分析确定其分子量,并对培养条件进行优化,进一步探究重组菌的酶学性质。在有机相-水相双相反应体系中进行PS的制备,并对制备工艺进行系统优化。成功构建了重组菌株E. coli BL21 (DE3)/p ET-28a(+)-sspld,通过蛋白分析确定其分子质量约为60 k Da。重组菌通过诱导条件优化,酶活最高可达38. 58 U/m L,是优化前的2. 26倍。PLD粗酶液的最适p H值为7. 5,最适反应温度为60℃。制备工艺优化结果表明40℃条件下,在8 m L的乙酸乙酯中溶解64 mg的卵磷脂,在4 m L酶液中溶解160 mg的L-丝氨酸,得到的PS转化率最高,可达28%,产量为1. 34 g/L。该PLD粗酶液催化性能良好,为酶法制备磷脂酰丝氨酸奠定了基础。     

磷脂酰果糖的合成方法研究

新型磷脂酰糖苷由饱和脂肪酰基链(C18∶0和C20∶0)以及糖苷极性头部组成,磷脂酰果糖属于磷脂酰糖苷中的一种。以大豆卵磷脂、果糖为原料,研究开发了水相体系中磷脂酶D催化酶法合成磷脂酰果糖的方法。通过对基质配比、pH、反应温度、反应时间等的调控,建立了磷脂酰果糖的最佳合成条件为:反应温度40℃,pH 6,反应时间12 h,底物(果糖与大豆卵磷脂)摩尔比1∶45,酶添加量90 U/mL。在最佳合成条件下,磷脂酰果糖合成率在90%左右。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the