Al2O3对钢渣提铁后二次渣制取的微晶玻璃性能的影响

为了利用大量的钢渣、改质剂A和改质剂B等固体废弃物制备具有高附加值的微晶玻璃,将钢渣与改质剂A和B混合熔融提铁并采用DTA、XRD、SEM等手段研究了Al2O3对钢渣提铁后二次渣制取的微晶玻璃性能的影响.结果表明,当Al2O3质量分数为3％ ～6％时,试样的主晶相为硅灰石,微晶玻璃晶体呈粒状,晶体结构疏松且有少许气孔存在;随着Al2O3含量的增加,微晶玻璃的主相由硅灰石转变为镁黄长石和钙铝黄长石.当Al2O3质量分数为15％时,析晶动力学参数k(Tp)最大,析晶能力强,此时微晶玻璃的晶粒尺寸为1～2 μm左右,且晶相结构致密,其抗弯强度为49.85 MPa,显微硬度为3.60 GPa,抗压强度为181.47 MPa,符合建筑装饰用微晶玻璃的国家标准要求.     

热处理温度对磷渣-煤矸石微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

以磷渣和煤矸石为原料,采用一步烧结法制备了性能优良的CaO?Al2O3?SiO2(CAS)系微晶玻璃,用差示扫描量热法(DSC),X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对其进行分析和表征,研究了热处理温度对微晶玻璃晶相组成、微观结构和宏观性能的影响规律。结果表明,固废利用率达100%,微晶玻璃性能良好;以磷渣和煤矸石为原料在1250℃下熔融2 h、于850℃热处理保温2 h可制备主晶相为假硅灰石Ca3(Si3O9)的微晶玻璃,其抗折强度、显微硬度和体积密度分别为74.4 MPa,566.9 HV和2.75 g/cm3。随热处理温度升高,微晶玻璃主晶相由Ca3(Si3O9)相转变为硅灰石CaSiO3相,晶体形态由球状向针状、短柱状改变,对提高微晶玻璃抗折性能有利,而显微硬度和体积密度均先增加后降低。     

污泥焚烧灰烧制微晶玻璃

用污泥焚烧灰和废玻璃作为原料一阶段成核结晶法制备微晶玻璃,结果发现,当晶化温度从800℃升高到950℃时,微晶玻璃中玻璃相降低、球状晶体尺寸增加,微晶玻璃主晶相为硅灰石Ca Si O3和透辉石Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6,在晶化温度为900℃时,物理和机械性能最好,其密度达2.65 g/cm3、抗弯强度达61.8 MPa、热膨胀系数为7.3×10-6 mm/K。     

添加ZnO对SiO_2–CaO–Al_2O_3–MgO系微晶玻璃析晶的影响

应用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等技术,研究了添加不同质量分数(下同)的ZnO对SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO系玻璃析晶和显微形貌的影响。结果表明:在所研究的玻璃体系中,ZnO加入后优先与玻璃体中的钙、硅元素发生反应,生成锌黄长石Ca2ZnSi2O7。另一部分ZnO和少量Fe2O3固溶到硅灰石(CaSiO3)晶体中形成(铁,锌)辉石晶体[Ca(Fe,Zn)Si2O6]。随着玻璃中ZnO添加量的提高,越来越多的钙、硅与之反应生成Ca2ZnSi2O7,主晶相由CaSiO3逐渐转变为CaZnSi2O7。玻璃样品在随炉升温至1050℃的情况下,以表面析晶为主,析出晶体呈枝状。玻璃先在750℃低温退火处理有利于晶体的整体析出,晶体形态由ZnO为5%时的鱼骨状变为15%时的条带状组织。     

MgO对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶影响

以黄磷炉渣为基础原料,通过加入辅料和MgO,以熔融法制备CaO-Al2 O3-SiO2(CAS)系微晶玻璃;通过差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析方法分析MgO对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响.结果显示:随着加入MgO的量的增加,基础玻璃的核化温度和晶化温度下降,析晶活化能E减小;黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃的晶相类型并未因MgO添加量的增多而改变,其主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3),次晶相为铝透辉石(Ca(MgAl)(SiAl)2O6);但随着MgO添加量的增多,抑制了硅灰石(CaSiO3)晶相的生成,促进铝透辉石(Ca(MgAl)(SiAl)2O6)生成.     

粉煤灰微晶玻璃的晶化机理研究

以粉煤灰为主要原料制得微晶玻璃,通过XRD、SEM和EDAX等测试方法,研究了粉煤灰微晶玻璃的晶化机理.研究结果表明:粉煤灰玻璃在热处理的过程中,首先发生分相,形成富硅相和富钙相,进而形成以透辉石(CaO·MgO·2SiO2)和钙黄长石(2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2)为主晶相的微晶玻璃.     

添加ZnO对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO系微晶玻璃析晶的影响

应用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等技术,研究了添加不同质量分数(下同)的ZnO对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO系玻璃析晶和显微形貌的影响.结果表明:在所研究的玻璃体系中,ZnO加入后优先与玻璃体中的钙、硅元素发生反应,生成锌黄长石Ca2ZnSi2O7.另一部分ZnO和少量Fe2O3固溶到硅灰石(CaSiO3)晶体中形成(铁,锌)辉石晶体[Ca(Fe,Zn)Si2O6].随着玻璃中ZnO添加量的提高,越来越多的钙、硅与之反应生成Ca2ZnSi2O7,主晶相由CaSiO3逐渐转变为CaZnSi2O7.玻璃样品在随炉升温至1 050℃的情况下,以表面析晶为主,析出晶体呈枝状.玻璃先在750℃低温退火处理有利于晶体的整体析出,晶体形态由ZnO为5%时的鱼骨状变为15%时的条带状组织.     

利用油页岩渣制备微晶玻璃的实验研究

利用油页岩渣探索制备微晶玻璃的配方,使油页岩资源得到综合利用。在分析油页岩渣成分的基础上,参照CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统相图,确定微晶玻璃配方,并确定晶核剂的种类和用量。运用DTA,XRD,SEM等方法研究了微晶玻璃的晶化制度、析出晶相。微晶玻璃的最佳工艺制度:核化温度为850℃,保温2h,升温速率控制在4℃/min;晶化温度为975℃,保温2h,升温速率控制在6℃/min。微晶玻璃主晶相为钙铁透辉石Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6,次晶相为硅灰石,两者相互交织,微晶玻璃具有良好的理化性能。对微晶玻璃的主要性能做了测试,性能优于同类的大理石、花岗岩材料。     

采用一步烧结法的钢渣基微晶玻璃制备机理

以转炉钢渣作为主要原料,对钢渣熔融还原提铁后的二次渣采用一步法热处理工艺,制备出了碱度(Ca O与Si O2的质量比)分别为0.5、0.6、0.7的钢渣微晶玻璃。通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学性能测试等手段,研究了不同热处理温度和时间对微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响规律。研究表明,随着基础玻璃碱度的提高,微晶玻璃的主晶相由辉石转变为钙铝黄长石;随着烧结温度逐渐升高,微晶玻璃抗折强度也逐渐升高,但不宜超过1100℃;在1100℃下,保温时间的变化对微晶玻璃的性能和微观组织的影响较小;碱度为0.7的微晶玻璃力学性能优异,在1100℃晶化20 min其内部的晶体呈方柱状交织排列,构成晶体骨架并分布在残余的玻璃基体中,从而使其具有优异的力学性能;采用一步法工艺,可减少改质剂使用量及热处理时间,具有较好的应用前景。     

ZnO对黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃析晶影响

以黄磷炉渣为主要原料,通过添加不同比例ZnO,采用熔融法制备了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.借助Kissinger方程分析黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶能力,借助化学热力学软件FactSage 6.4模拟计算黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶相类型,借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行验证.结果表明:随着ZnO添加量的增加,黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶峰温度Tp和析晶活化能E逐渐减小;当ZnO添加量为7wt％时,黄磷炉渣基础玻璃的析晶活化能E最小,析晶能力最强;随着ZnO的加入量的增大,黄磷炉渣微晶玻璃晶相类型并不发生改变,主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3),次晶相为铝透辉石(Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6),这与FactSage 6.4模拟计算结果一致.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。