负载型纳米FeOZrO2/Al2O3催化剂的制备

主要研究制备以大孔A12O3,为基载体的负载型纳米FeOZrO2/Al2O3,复合载体.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型纳米FeOZrO2/Al2O3,复合载体.利用比表面、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对载体催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:负载型纳米FeOZrOJhl203复合载体的比表面积达到76.53 sq·m/g,FeOZrO2/Al2O3,中的FeO粒子约为40nm,较Fe0/Al2O3中FeO的粒子(100nm)小且分布均匀.     

催化剂Pt／Mg（Al）O的制备与特性

用共沉淀法制备得一种类似于水滑石的载体Ｍｇ（Ａｌ）Ｏ，再用浸渍法制得载于这种载体上的铂催化剂Ｐｔ／Ｍｇ（Ａｌ）Ｏ。该载体的比表面积为２４４ｍ２ｇ－１，该催化剂铂分散度为（Ｈ／Ｐｔ）ｉｒｒ＝０．９，平均直径ｄ＝１．３８ｎｍ，且有均匀的颗粒度。Ｐｔ－Ｍｇ（Ａｌ）Ｏ间的相互作用比Ｐｔ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３间的强。由于电子从载体Ｍｇ（Ａｌ）Ｏ中的碱性（氧）离子大量转移至细小的Ｐｔ颗粒上，故该催化剂中的Ｐｔ颗粒具有很强的负电性，表现了优异的催化性质     

星状Sb_2O_3纳米微粒的制备研究

室温下,在含有表面活性剂TX-100的溶液中,利用低能超声搅拌制备得到星状Sb2O3纳米颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM),高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM),X-射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),热分析仪(TG/DTA)对样品形貌和组成进行分析,并探讨了星状Sb2O3纳米颗粒的形成机理。制备方法简单、省时并有望用于其它纳米颗粒的制备。     

水系镁离子电池正极材料MgMn2O4的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备得到了主相为四方结构的MgMn2O4。研究了煅烧温度对产物的相演化和表面形貌的影响,比较了电化学循环稳定性。结果表明,550℃烧结得到了表面呈现多孔通道和孔洞的MgMn2O4 (MMO550),在40 mA/g电流密度下,最大放电比容量为54.0 mAh/g; 与碳纳米管于400℃复合2 h后,CNT形成的导电网格有效地将MgMn2O4颗粒连接起来,得到MMO/CNT样品的首次放电比容量可达118.0 mAh/g,是未复合MMO550最大放电比容量的2.2倍,循环30周后容量保持在88.1 mAh/g。     

BiVO4/MIL-100(Fe)复合材料光催化降解结晶紫

以NH_4VO_3、Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O、均苯三酸、Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为主要原料,采用一锅水热法制备了BiVO_4/MIL-100(Fe)复合材料,用XRD、SEM、N_2吸附-脱附、UV-VisDRS及PL对复合材料的结构、形貌、比表面积及光学性能进行了表征。XRD显示具有较大比表面积的复合材料中BiVO_4为单斜相、四方相的混晶结构,其对可见光的吸收强度高于MIL-100(Fe),吸收光后产生的光生电子、空穴的复合率较低。可见光条件下,不同材料对结晶紫的光催化降解实验中,m(BiVO_4)∶m[MIL-100(Fe)]=1∶3配比的BiVO_4/3MIL-100(Fe)的光催化活性最佳。实验结果表明:光照射50 min,30 mg BiVO_4/3MIL-100(Fe)对30 mL质量浓度30 mg/L结晶紫的降解率为98.7%,主要光催化活性基团是h+。此外,日光下该材料对结晶紫、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝也有较强的光降解能力。     

N_2O在Rh(100)表面吸附机理的量子化学研究

在对三效催化剂(TWC)表面N2O的催化反应实验及理论研究的基础上,选用了在过渡金属催化体系量子化学理论研究中常用的密度泛函方法,采用CASTEP计算程序,交换相关函数采用PW91函数,计算了N2O在催化剂Rh(100)面上的化学吸附。计算结果显示:通过对N端吸附位和O端吸附位的N-N、N-O、Rh-N、Rh-O等键长和吸附能的比较,说明NO最有可能发生的是N端顶位吸附。     

The role of Rh on Pt-based catalysts: structure sensitive NO + H2 reaction on Pt(110) and Pt(100) and structure insensitive reaction on Rh/Pt(110) and Rh/Pt(100)

The catalytic activity of the Pt(110) surface for the reaction of NO + H₂ was much less than that of the Pt(100) surface. However, the catalytic activity of the Rh deposited Pt(1l0) surface was almost equal to that of the Rh deposited Pt(100) surface. That is, the catalytic reaction of NO + H₂ on Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces is highly structure sensitive, but it changes to structure insensitive by the deposition of Rh atoms. These results are rationalized by formation of an active overlayer on the Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces, which is very analogous to the Rh-O/Pt-layer formed on Rh/Pt(100), Pt/Rh(100) and Pt-Rh(100) alloy surfaces during catalysis. The formation of the common overlayer of Rh-O/Pt-layer during catalysis is responsible for the structure insensitive catalysis of Rh deposited Pt-based catalysts, which is an important role of Rh in a three way catalyst.     

pn型Cu2O/CdS纳米线的制备及性能

采用电沉积法,在AAO模板中成功制备出pn型Cu₂O/CdS纳米线阵列。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射分析（XRD）对样品的形貌和结构进行表征,利用光照开路电位测试和光吸收光谱测试对Cu₂O/CdS纳米线的性能进行了研究。纳米线的直径约100 nm,与AAO模板孔径相同,XRD结果表明Cu₂O/CdS纳米线由立方晶系的Cu₂O和立方晶系与六方晶系混合晶系的CdS组成。Cu₂O/CdS纳米线的光响应性能增强。在Xe灯照射下Cu₂O/CdS纳米线表现出良好的光催化性能,光照7 h后,Cu₂O/CdS纳米线对罗丹明B的降解效率达到66.02%。     

锂离子负极材料NiFe_2O_4/Graphene复合材料的制备和电化学性能

通过水热法合成了NiFe2O4/Graphene纳米复合材料,采用XRD和SEM对其晶相结构和形貌进行了表征,并将其作为锂离子电池活性材料组装成模拟电池,考查电化学性能。结果表明NiFe2O4/Graphene复合材料在100mA/g的电流密度下首次放电容量达970mAh/g,循环20次后,容量保持在668mAh/g,相比纯的NiFe2O4,具有较好的循环稳定性,这种优异的电化学性能归因于复合材料的纳米结构和NiFe2O4与Graphene的协同作用。     

(CaO-MgO)@Fe3O4/C磁性固体碱催化甘油制备碳酸甘油酯

以活性炭、尿素和FeCl_3·6H_2O为原料得到Fe(OH)3,通过N2气氛还原得到磁核Fe_3O_4/C,随后将其置于CaCl_2与MgCl_2·6H2O溶液中超声分散,通过共沉淀法得到前驱体,焙烧制得磁性非均相固体碱催化剂(CaOMgO)@Fe_3O_4/C。对磁性非均相固体碱催化剂〔(CaO-MgO)@Fe_3O_4/C〕进行了磁滞回线、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、CO_2-TPD及N_2的吸附-脱附(BET)测试。结果表明,CaO-MgO均匀地分散在磁核Fe_3O_4/C表面,催化剂在700℃有个强峰,具有较强的碱强度,磁化强度为23.8 emu/g,显示出较好的磁性。以碳酸二甲酯与甘油制备碳酸甘油酯作为探针反应,考察了(CaO-MgO)@Fe_3O_4/C催化剂的催化性能,得到在温度为85℃,n(碳酸二甲酯)∶n(甘油)=5∶1,催化剂用量为甘油质量的3%,反应时间为1 h的条件下,碳酸甘油酯的收率达到98.80%,甘油的转化率达到99.48%。催化剂重复使用6次后,碳酸甘油酯的收率为94.45%。     

Stability of vitamin A in oil-in-water-in-oil-type multiple emulsions

The stabilityof vitamin A was studied in thee different emulsions: oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), and oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O). The stability of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the O/W/O emulsion was the highest among the thee types of emulsions; remaining percentages at 50°C after 4 wk in the O/W/O, W/O, and O/W emulsions were 56.9, 45.7, and 32.3, respectively. With increasing peroxide value of O/W and W/O emulsifiers, the remaining percentage of vitamin A palmitate and retinol in the emulsions decreased significantly, indicating that peroxides in the formulae accelerate the decomposition of vitamin A. Organophilic clay mineral (an oil gelling agent and a W/O emulsifier) also affected the stability of retinol; synthesized saponite was better than naturally occurring bentonite for retinol stability. The stability of retinol in the O/W/O emulsion increased with increasing inner oil phase ratio (φ_i), whereas in O/W it was unaffected by φ_i. Encapsulation percent of retinol in the O/W/O emulsion, the ratio of retinol in the inner oil phase to the total amount in the emulsion, increased with increasing φ_i. The remaining percent of retinol in the O/W/O emulsion was in excellent agreement with encapsulation percent, suggesting that retinol in the inner oil phase is more stable than that in the outer oil phase. Addition of antioxidants (tert-butylhydroxytoluene, sodium ascorbate, and EDTA) to the O/W/O emulsion improved the stability of retinol up to 77.1% at 50°C after 4 wk. We conclude that the O/W/O emulsion is a useful formula to stabilize vitamin A.     

Characterization of a double emulsion system (oil-in-water-in-oil emulsion) with low solid fats: Microstructure

A double emulsion system [oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O)] with 16.3% (w/w) water and 83% (w/w) oil was prepared and stabilized using a novel method of mixing two oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions together. The first emulsion consisted of 85% (w/w) liquid canola oil, 14.4%(w/w) water, 0.5% (w/w) sodium caseinate, and 0.1% (w/w) lecithin and the second emulsion contained 73% (w/w) canola oil, 8% (w/w) palm-cotton stearin (50∶50), 0.2% (w/w) lecithin, 18.2% (w/w) water, and 0.6% (w/w) sodium caseinate. Mixing the two emulsions (50∶50) by weight produced a product with 79% (w/w) liquid canola oil and 4% (w/w) palm-cotton stearin. The two O/W emulsions were prepared separately at 50°C, mixed together at 45°C for 2–5 min, and then supercooled in a −5°C ice/salt bath while mixing at low shear rates (2,000–3,000 rpm). Under supercooling conditions the fat globules in the second emulsion (containing liquid oil and stearin) began to break down as a result of fat crystal growth and shearing action and release plastic fat. During this stage, the continuous aqueous phase underwent a phase transition and the emulsion viscosity dropped from 37,000–50,000 to 250 cP. The released plastic fat continued to harden as the temperature dropped and stabilized the first O/W emulsion (containing only liquid oil). The low shear rate mixing was stopped when the temperature dropped below 15°C and before the O/W/O emulsion hardens. Microstructural analysis of the first emulsion before and after supercooling showed essentially intact fat globules. The microstructure of the second emulsion before supercooling showed the same intact globules as the first emulsion, but after supercooling, an amorphous mass with only a few intact globules was seen. By mixing the two emulsions together and supercooling, a stable O/W/O emulsion was formed with plastic fat as the continuous phase and the first O/W emulsion as the dispersed phase.     

细菌纤维素@Fe3O4/AgNWs复合薄膜的制备与电磁屏蔽性能

采用原位共沉淀法在高性能细菌纤维素（BC）表面负载磁性四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）纳米粒子得到BC@Fe3O4，进而采用两步真空辅助抽滤法制得具有磁性导电层级结构的BC@Fe3O4/AgNWs复合薄膜。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和矢量网络分析仪等对纳米材料和复合薄膜的微观结构与性能进行分析。结果表明：当AgNWs面积含量为1.8 g/m2时，复合薄膜的电磁屏蔽效能（EMI SE）可达56 dB。AgNWs与BC@Fe3O4基体之间具有良好的界面相互作用，使BC@ Fe3O4/AgNWs复合薄膜具有优异的力学性能，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最高达到84.6 MPa和4.05%。所得柔性、高强且高电磁屏蔽效能细菌纤维素基电磁屏蔽复合薄膜在柔性可穿戴电子设备等领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Ni-Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢研究

利用浸渍法制备了不同组成的Ni-Fe/Al2O3催化剂,对催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)表征。以乙醇水蒸气重整(SRE)反应为探针,采用固定床反应器考察了催化剂组成、反应温度对活性和选择性的影响。实验结果表明,Ni-Fe/Al2O3较Ni,Fe单独担载的Ni/Al2O3,Fe/Al2O3选择性高,低温活性好,Ni是主要活性组分,Ni,Fe配比影响活性和选择性,其中Ni10Fe5性能最佳。400℃时,乙醇转化率可达100%,H2,CO和CO2选择性分别55.4%,0.86%和82.18%;450℃时,乙醇转化率为100%,H2,CO和CO2选择性分别67.18%,4.30%和91.01%,且反应温度影响SRE反应系统中各相关反应在系统中的权重。     

Heteroepitaxial growth of TiN film on MgO (100) by reactive magnetron sputtering

TiN thin films were deposited on MgO (100) substrates at different substrate temperatures using rf sputtering with Ar/N₂ ratio of about 10. At 700°C, the growth rate of TiN was approximately 0.05 μm/h. The structural and electrical properties of TiN thin films were characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Hall measurements. For all deposition conditions, XRD results show that the TiN films can be in an epitaxy with MgO with cube-on-cube orientation relationship of (001)_TiN // (001)_MgO and [100]_TiN // [100]_MgO. TEM with selected-area electron diffraction pattern verifies the epitaxial growth of the TiN films on MgO. SEM and AFM show that the surface of the TiN film is very smooth with roughness approximately 0.26 nm. The minimum resistivity of the films can be as low as 45 μΩ cm.     

A novel method for preparing oil-in-water-in-oil type multiple emulsions using organophilic montmorillonite clay mineral

A stable formula using oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) type multiple emulsions was investigated. The components consisted of hydrophilic nonionic surfactant (HCO-60), organophilic montmorillonite, and lipophilic nonionic surfactant (DIS-14). O/W/O emulsions were prepared by a double-step procedure in which an O/W emulsion was prepared in the first step, and then the O/W emulsion was “re-emulsified” in an oil phase with organophilic montmorillonite. The diameter of the innermost oil droplets decreased with increasing HCO-60 content (0.1–3%), while the viscosity showed a maximum at 1% of HCO-60, indicating that the yiel of re-emulsification is highest at this condition. Viscosity of the O/W/O emulsion increased with increasing organophilic montmorillonite and DIS-14. According to the results of a phase ratio study, viscosity and stability of the O/W/O emulsion decreased at high weight fraction of inner oil phase (0.4–0.5), indicating that the excess amount of inner oil phase is absorbed by the outer oil phase. These results revealed that the weight fraction of inner oil phase should be kept below 0.3 for a stable O/W/O emulsion. A similar study on the weight fraction of O/W phase [фO/W)/O] suggested that the O/W/O emulsion is stable at ϕ(O/W)/O=0.65–0.70.     

恒电流法制备Cu2O/TiO2复合纳米管阵列异质结光电极

通过在含F-离子的电解液中阳极氧化Ti薄片基底制备了TiO2纳米管阵列,随后通过恒电流沉积的方法在在TiO2纳米管阵列顶部原位电沉积了Cu2O纳米颗粒。场发射电子扫描显微镜显示TiO2纳米管这列被成功制备,通过恒电流电化学沉积后,TiO2纳米管阵列顶部出现大量纳米颗粒物质,并且随着沉积时间的延长,可以控制沉积物的量。通过X-射线衍射谱的特征衍射谱图我们可以发现TiO2锐钛矿的衍射峰以及相对较弱的Cu2O衍射峰,这说明Cu2O晶体的结晶度不高。在能谱（EDS）图中我们可以发现Ti、Cu、O三种元素,结合XRD以及FE-SEM结果我们可以指出,通过恒电流法确实可以在TiO2纳米管阵列顶部原位沉积Cu2O纳米颗粒。     

微乳液法制备Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米粒子

采用多元醇还原法制备出平均粒径为6.0 nm的Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,以此磁性纳米粒子为核,在OP-10/正丁醇/环己烷/浓氨水反向微乳体系中制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,通过XRD,TEM,VSM对复合粒子进行性能表征。结果表明,采用微乳液法能够制备出Fe3O4/TiO2磁性纳米复合粒子,并且包覆后比饱和磁化强度有所下降,但矫顽力仍趋近于0,显示超顺磁性。     

Composite Nano-Structures Controlled by Weak Interaction on Solid Surfaces

Nano-materials and nano-composites formed on solid surfaces are discussed. (1) (–Cu–O–) strings and square shape (Cu₂)₃ dots on Ag(110), (2) unfixed shape nano-size Ni-islands on a Cu(100)–O surface covered with nano-size c(2×2)–O domains, and (3) nano-width wire and nano-size dots controlled by template of super structures; nano-width Ni-wires on a surface, nano-size Ni-dots on a Cu(100) surface covered with regularly arrayed nano-c(2 × 2)–N patches, and the supra-honeycomb layers composed of Zn₃ on a reconstructed Si(111)-7 × 7 surface. We could say that weak adsorbate–adsorbate interaction plays an important role for nano-size self-assembly.     

Oxygen induced direct hydrogenation of CO on Ni(100) surface

A trace amount of oxygen in H₂ promotes a new type of direct hydrogenation reaction of adsorbed CO on Ni(100) surface. The formation of H_xCO_y was suggested by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). HREEL spectra showed the formation of surface hydroxyl (OH) and the C-H bonds of H_iCO_y species but no carbonyl (C=O) loss peak was detected although thermal desorption yielded large amount of CO. The H _x CO _y undergoes the decomposition at 400–450 K on the hex-OH Ni(100) surface, which yielded CO, CO₂, H₂ and H₂CO. It was confirmed that no C-H bond formation occurs on c(2 × 2)-O, p(2 × 2)-O Ni(100) and hex-OH Ni(100) as well as on clean Ni(100) surfaces. This fact indicates that the gas phase oxygen may induce the direct hydrogenation of CO to form H _x CO _y , which is analogous to the hydrogenation of O to form hex-OH onNi(100).