生物质气化发电示范工程

国家863项目的生物质气化发电优化系统及其示范工程．已开发出适合我国国情的生物中小型气化发电系统。     

生物质气化发电技术讲座(3)生物质焦油裂解技术

1生物质焦油的特性生物质气化的目标是得到尽可能多的可燃气体产物。但在气化过程中,焦炭和焦油都是不可避免的副产物。焦油在高温时呈气态,与可燃气体完全混合,而在低温(一般低于200℃)时凝结为液态。对于燃气需要降温利用的情况(如燃气用于内燃机发电时),焦油的分离问题显得尤为重要。焦油的存在对生物质气化及其利用会产生不利的影响。首先它降低了气化炉气化效率,气化气中焦油产物的能量一般占总能量的5%～15%,这部分能量在低温时难以与可燃气体一道被利用,大部分被浪费;其次焦油在低温时凝结为液态,容易和水、焦炭等结合在一起,堵塞输…     

生物质气化发电示范工程

由中科院广州能源研究所承担的国家“十五”863项目“生物质气化发电优化系统及其示范工程”，已开发出适合我国国情的生物质中小型气化发电系统。该技术采用CFB气化炉和多级气体净化装置，配置多台200-400kW的气体燃料内燃发电机组用谷壳、木屑、稻草等多种生物质作原料来发电。     

生物质气化发电技术讲座(4)生物质燃气净化技术

生物质气化燃气含有各种各样的杂质,杂质的主要成分列在表1中。各种杂质的含量与原料特性、气化炉的形式关系很大。燃气净化的目标就是要根据气化工艺的特点,设计合理有效的杂质去除工艺,保证后部气化发电设备不会因杂质的存在而导致其磨损腐蚀和污染等问题。(1)燃气高温过滤生物质气化燃气含有大量的微小的焦炭颗粒和灰,由于焦炭的密度和直径都很小,一般旋风分离器难以去除,即使用非常高效的旋风分离器,燃气中的颗粒含量也很难降到5～30g/m3。在这种情况下,比较好的净化方法是过滤。由于焦油在表1燃气中各种杂质的特性杂质种类典型成分可能…     

生物质气化发电示范工程

由中科院广州能源研究所承担的国家“十五”期间863项目的生物质气化发电优化系统及其示范工程．已开发出适合我国国情的生物质中小型气化发电系统。该技术采用CFB气化炉和多级气体净化装置，配置多台200～400kW的气体燃料内燃发电机组，用谷壳木屑、稻草等多种生物质作原料来发电。     

生物质整体气化联合循环发电系统的发展现状

文章介绍了生物质整体气化联合循环发电系统（RIGCC）搜其关键技术和设备，阐述了目前出现的大型生物质整体气化联合循环发电系统示范工程的工艺过程和运行经验，对我国发展BIGCC技术的可行性进行了分析，并提出目前需要解决的关键技术问题。     

生物质气化发电技术讲座(5)生物质燃气发电技术

生物质燃气的特点是热值低(4～6MJ/m3)、杂质含量高,所以生物质燃气发电技术虽然与天然气发电技术、煤气发电技术的原理一样,但它有更多的独特性,对发电设备的要求与其他燃气发电设备也有较大的差别。1低热值燃气内燃机发电技术气体内燃机是常用的燃气发电设备之一,燃气内燃机都要求有强制点火系统,点火系统的设计必须根据燃气燃烧速度等进行调整。燃气内燃机的有效热效率ηe和有效燃气消耗率ge是衡量发动机经济性能的重要指标。在内燃机中各性能参数存在下面的关系:Ne=k1MbQηege=Mb/Ne=k2/ηeQNi=Ne+Nmηe=ηmηi式中:Ne,Ni,Nm——…     

生物质气化发电技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了国内外生物质气化发电技术的研究现状及发展趋势。生物质气化发电技术在发达国家已受到广泛重视,生物质联合循环发电技术（BIGCC）利用外燃机燃用生物质气,可避免高温气化气的除尘除焦难题,是一种比较先进的生物质能利用技术。根据我国国情,引进大型BIGCC并采用内燃机代替燃气轮机,是解决我国生物质气化发电规模化发展的有效手段之一。     

生物质气化联合循环发电技术的探讨

本文阐述了国内外BIGCC生物质气化联合循环发电技术的发展概况和关键技术,介绍了生物质和煤共同气化的特性,为我国生物质气化联合循环发电技术的商业化运行提供了指导。     

1MW木粉气化发电系统的运行特性分析

通过对海南三亚木粉发电系统的运行状况分析，结果发现：气化过程中所夹带的飞灰以及所生成的焦油是影响发电系统正常运行的主要因素，显热损失和飞灰中没有完全气化的碳损失是导致气化发电系统效率下降的主要原因。同时考查了气化过程中污染物排放情况及添加焦油裂解催化剂对气体成份和焦油裂解的影响，对改进今后生物质气化发电系统的大型化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

生物质气化高温燃料电池一体化发电技术研究

介绍了国内外生物质气化高温燃料电池一体化发电技术的研究现状，主要包括高温燃料电池的特点和研究现状；一体化发电技术的理论模拟；国外相关的试验研究和一体化示范工程。分析了生物质气化高温燃料电池一体化发电技术在我国应用的可行性，提出了目前需要解决的关键技术问题。     

生物质化学链气化联合燃气轮机发电系统模拟

使用Aspen Plus软件对以Fe_2O_3为载氧体的生物质化学链气化系统进行模拟,分析温度、压力、载氧体与生物质摩尔比、水蒸气与生物质摩尔比等因素对合成气制备的影响;对不同生物质的气化条件进行优化;将气化制得的合成气通入M701F燃气轮机中发电,考察系统的发电效率。结果表明:常压下,不同生物质气化的优化温度均在740℃左右,此时制备的合成气冷煤气效率较高;提高反应压力有利于系统热量自平衡,但合成气的冷煤气效率降低;载氧体与生物质摩尔比的优化值与生物质中氧碳摩尔比呈负相关,且达到优化值时,气化环境中氧碳摩尔比在1.25左右;水蒸气通入气化系统后冷煤气效率可提高15.00%～20.00%,主要原因为H_2的产量显著增加,通入水蒸气后的气化环境的氧碳比在1.4左右时,制备合成气的冷煤气效率较高;系统的发电效率在30.00%～37.00%,高于生物质发电效率。     

生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电的技术经济分析

介绍了生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电技术项目，确定了该项目经济效益的评价指标，定量计算了项目的投资回收期、净现值和内部收益率。同时还对燃料费用、上网电价和固定资产变化引起的敏感性进行分析。结果表明，该联合发电技术的动态投资回收期为9．05a，净现值为2770万元，内部收益率为15．82％，三个经济指标均符合行业标准。从经济角度看是完全可行的。     

生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电系统智能优化

从系统能量分配和平衡的角度,简化了生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电系统的数学模型.简要介绍了非线性规划和遗传算法的基本原理,并用这2种算法对该联合循环发电系统的目标函数进行智能寻优.运行结果表明：基于Matlab平台的非线性规划和遗传算法有共同的优点,都可以避免繁重的编程工作.与非线性规划理论相比,遗传算法具有较好的寻优搜索能力和直观性.     

生物质能发电技术分析

在不可再生能源濒临枯竭,环境污染日益加剧的今天,生物质能源替代化石能源利用的研究和开发,已成为国内外学者研究和关注的热点。介绍了国内外生物质能的主要转化利用技术,分析了生物质直接燃烧发电技术和气化发电技术,提出了符合能量梯级利用原则的生物质能发电方式,将是生物质能利用的主要形式。     

Simulation of a new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) power generation system using Aspen Plus: Performance analysis and energetic assessment

A new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC), which featured an innovative two-stage enriched air gasification system coupling a fluidized bed with a swirl-melting furnace, was proposed and built for clean and efficient biomass utilization. The performance of biomass gasification and power generation under various operating conditions was assessed using a comprehensive Aspen Plus model for system optimization. The model was validated by pilot-scale experimental data and gas turbine regulations, showing good agreement. Parameters including oxygen percentage of enriched air (OP), gasification temperature, excess air ratio and compressor pressure ratio were studied for BIGCC optimization. Results showed that increase OP could effectively improve syngas quality and two-stage gasification efficiency, enhancing the gas turbine inlet and outlet temperature. The maximum BIGCC fuel utilization efficiency could be obtained at OP of 40%. Increasing gasification temperature showed a negative effect on the two-stage gasification performance. For efficient BIGCC operation, the excess air ratio should be below 3.5 to maintain a designed gas turbine inlet temperature. Modest increase of compressor pressure ratio favored the power generation. Finally, the BIGCC energy analysis further proved the rationality of system design and sufficient utilization of biomass energy.     

Influence of system integration options on the performance of an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant

An IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) plant consists of a power block and a gasifier block, and a smooth integration of these two parts is important. This work has analyzed the influences of the major design options on the performance of an IGCC plant. These options include the method of integrating a gas turbine with an air separation unit and the degree of nitrogen supply from the ASU to the gas turbine combustor. Research focus was given to the effect of each option on the gas turbine operating condition along with plant performance. Initially, an analysis adopting an existing gas turbine without any modifications of its components was performed to examine the influence of two design options on the operability of the gas turbine and performance of the entire IGCC plant. It is shown that a high integration degree, where much of the air required at the air separation unit is supplied by the gas turbine compressor, can be a better option considering both the system performance and operation limitation of the gas turbine. The nitrogen supply enhances system performance, but a high supply ratio can only be acceptable in high integration degree designs. Secondly, the modifications of gas turbine components to resume the operating surge margin, such as increasing the maximum compressor pressure ratio by adding a couple of stages and increasing turbine swallowing capacity, were simulated and their effects on system performance were examined. Modification can be a good option when a low integration degree is to be adopted, as it provides a considerable power increase.     

生物质直燃和混燃发电环境效益分析

利用生物质代替矿物燃料发电可以减少CO2和SO2的排放量。确定了燃煤机组CO2和SO2排放量基准,建立生物质发电的CO2和SO2的排放量模型及其偏差模型;计算不同发电方式下CO2和SO2的生成量及减排量;分析了气化炉气化效率对生物质发电CO2和SO2生成量的影响。结果表明,提高生物质发电效率和气化效率可以显著降低CO2和SO2的排放;生物质发电的环境效益明显优于燃煤发电,而生物质气化合成气与煤混燃发电的环境效益优于生物质直燃发电。     

Biomass integrated gasification combined cycle power generation with supplementary biomass firing: Energy and exergy based performance analysis

A thermodynamic analysis of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) plant has been performed based on energy and exergy balances in a proposed configuration. Combustion of supplementary biomass fuel is considered using the oxygen available in the gas turbine (GT) exhaust. The effects of pressure and temperature ratios of the GT system and the amount of fuel burned in the supplementary firing chamber on the thermal and exergetic efficiencies of the plant have been investigated. The plant efficiencies increase with the increase in both pressure and temperature ratios; however, the latter has a stronger influence than the former. Supplementary firing of biomass increases the plant efficiencies of a BIGCC plant till an optimum level of degree of firing. The other technical issues related to supplementary firing, like ash fusion in the furnace and exhaust heat loss maintaining a minimum pinch point temperature difference are accounted and finally a set of optimum plant operating parameters have been identified. The performance of a 50 MWe plant has been analyzed with the optimum operating parameters to find out equipment rating and biomass feed rates. Exergetic efficiencies of different plant equipments are evaluated to localize the major thermodynamic irreversibilities in the plant.     

太阳能与燃煤机组集成发电系统的研究现状

介绍了太阳能与燃煤机组集成发电系统的发展背景、国内外发展状况以及集成方式,对太阳能与回热系统集成等三种集成方式进行了比较,分析了几种提高集成发电系统经济性的优化方式,指出了发展中存在的一些问题及发展前景。