PAFC、PAC、PFC对活性污泥系统影响的试验研究

絮凝剂的投加会对活性污泥系统产生一定影响,但过量的投加会对性污泥系统产生毒害作用。通过对比试验研究聚氯化铝铁(PAFC)、聚氯化铝(PAC)、聚氯化铁(PFC)对活性污泥系统的影响,并确定最优絮凝剂及其最适投加量。将不同浓度的PAFC、PAC、PFC分别投加到活性污泥系统中,反应30 min后测定污泥的SVI、脱氢酶活性(DHA)、COD_(Cr)和pH。结果表明,PAFC、PAC、PFC三种絮凝剂对活性污泥系统的活性均有一定的促进作用,但PAFC对活性污泥系统的促进作用最强,为最优絮凝剂,其最适投加量为60mg/L。     

Cu2+长期胁迫下两级AO工艺运行效能及污泥特性研究

以深圳市某水质净化厂活性污泥重金属Cu中毒事件为背景,建立实验室小试模拟系统,考察了不同梯度Cu²⁺长期胁迫下两级AO工艺的运行效能及污泥特性。结果表明,进水中加入1 mg/L Cu²⁺,系统运行效能保持稳定;当Cu²⁺浓度提高到5 mg/L和25 mg/L时,短期内活性污泥系统运行效能显著下降,但随着适应外界环境,3 d后系统效能逐步恢复;然而当活性污泥中重金属Cu含量累积达94.3 mg/gVSS,系统运行效能大幅下降,面临系统崩溃;解除Cu²⁺长期胁迫,系统运行效能逐步恢复。比硝化耗氧速率(SOUR_A)呈现与系统运行效能相似的变化规律,随着进水Cu²⁺浓度的提高,SOUR_A逐渐下降。当SOUR_A抑制率超过40%时,系统存在恶化可能。随着进水Cu²⁺浓度提高和胁迫时间延长,活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)含量先增大后减少,且组分C1和C4为抵抗Cu²⁺胁迫压力扮演重要作...     

预处理+IC反应器+MBR工艺处理甲醛废水的工程实例介绍

采用预处理+IC反应器+好氧MBR系统为主的生化工艺处理甲醛废水,基于复合菌群和固定化载体填料的预处理池,将甲醛废水从1 100~1 650mg/L降解到120~150mg/L,IC厌氧反应器出水的甲醛浓度稳定在4~6mg/L,MBR系统出水的甲醛浓度在1mg/L以下。预处理池平均进水COD为6 000mg/L左右,预处理池出水的平均COD为5 000mg/L左右,IC厌氧反应器出水COD稳定在600~800mg/L,MBR系统出水COD稳定在80~90mg/L,最终实现了甲醛和COD达标排放。     

共存重金属离子对好氧活性污泥活性影响的实验研究

采用序批式实验研究了铜、锌、镍离子共存条件下,对活性污泥表观产率、生物吸附降解能力、污泥絮凝沉降性能和耗氧速率等方面的影响,并测定了两种重金属离子共存的情况下,不同浓度重金属离子之间的相互作用。实验结果表明:Cu2+和Zn2+、Cu2+和Ni2+、Zn2+和Ni2+3种离子共存总浓度分别为5、5、10 mg/L以内,对污泥表观产率的影响不是很大,系统可以稳定运行。3种离子共存总浓度分别为5、3、3 mg/L以内,对CODCr的去除率没有影响,MLSS都可以稳定的增加,大于这个基点,系统都无法正常的运行;Cu2+和Ni2+共存的情况下对微生物的呼吸有协同抑制的作用。     

EPS对污水处理效果及污泥性能影响

通过分析EPS产生量对污水处理中多糖、蛋白质对污泥的沉降、絮凝性能及生物处理效果的影响,得出曝气0.5h COD去除率达85%,MLSS增大。EPS含量对污泥絮凝和沉降性能影响显著,随着EPS含量的增加,污泥的絮凝沉降性能变差;多糖、蛋白质含量的增加使反应器中SVI及出水浊度增加,以多糖影响为主。     

MBBR工艺在制药废水中的应用

某制药厂提标改造工程将原有活性污泥生物系统升级改造为移动床生物膜反应器(MB-BR),在生化池内投加好氧活性生物填料.改造后,平均出水COD 78 mg/L,氨氮3.3 mg/L,总氮70.8 mg/L,各项指标好于当地的纳管标准.分别对系统活性污泥及生物膜进行菌群结构分析,发现活性污泥及生物膜系统内丰度较高的功能菌分...     

A(缺氧活性污泥)/B(A/O淹没式生物膜)复合系统处理垃圾填埋场渗沥液

本文采用A(缺氧活性污泥)/B(A/O淹没式生物膜)复合系统处理垃圾填理场渗沥液.结果表明,对于COD=1693.9mg/L、NH_4~+-N=170.0mg/L和TN=190.0mg/L的填埋场渗沥液,经该复合系统处理后,出水COD、NH_4~+-N和TN分别降至97.9mg/L、8.3mg/L和49.5mg/L,相应的去除率分别为94.2%、95.1%、73.9%,达到良好的去除有机物和脱氮效果.同时发现渗沥液在填埋场渗沥液贮存池中经历了一定程度的厌氧降解过程,使COD达到50%的去除率.     

烟酸对毛纺废水活性污泥处理系统的影响

烟酸是合成辅酶的原料,也是许多微生物生长所必需的维生素之一。以静态试验得出的烟酸最佳投加浓度为依据,采用连续流的实际毛纺废水活性污泥试验及对照系统,进行连续投加烟酸的试验,维持曝气系统内烟酸浓度1mg/L。在16d的投加期间,投加组的平均CODCr去除率为对照组的1.3倍,活性污泥平均总脱氢酶活性和平均内源呼吸脱氢酶活性分别为对照组的1.34倍和1.44倍。     

余氯对城市污水处理厂生化系统的影响研究

新冠疫情会使含氯消毒剂的使用增多,最终可能进入污水处理厂影响生物处理效果.探讨不同浓度的余氯(游离氯和化合氯)对活性污泥处理效果的影响,并观察活性污泥的性能和微生物多样性.结果显示,与未投加余氯相比,投加游离氯浓度大于等于3 mg/L或投加化合氯浓度大于等于5 mg/L时,出水水质出现显著增加,且化合氯对COD和TN去...     

Fenton试剂处理选矿废水的试验研究

研究用Fenton试剂处理含苯胺黑药(二苯胺基二硫代磷酸)模拟废水和实际选矿废水,分别考查了反应初始pH值、Fe2+浓度及H2O2用量对COD去除率的影响。结果表明:氧化时间为10 min,反应初始pH值为4,ρ(Fe2+)=1.83 g/L,ρ(H2O2)=5.55 g/L,模拟废水苯胺黑药的质量浓度为300 mg/L时,COD去除率达到83.6%;对于实际废水,当ρ(Fe2+)=50mg/L,pH值=3.5,ρ(H2O2)=1800mg/L时,出水ρ(COD)从1000mg/L降到32 mg/L,COD去除率为96.8%,达到废水排放标准,药剂成本估计为每处理1 m3废水需要费用18元。     

Removal of inhibitory phenolic compounds by biological activated carbon coupled membrane bioreactor.

Phenolic compounds cause problems for conventional treatments due to their toxic and inhibitory properties. This work investigated the treatability of phenolic compounds by using two membrane-bioreactor systems, namely: activated sludge coupled with MBR (AS-MBR) and biological granular activated carbon coupled with MBR (BAC-MBR). Initially, the system was fed with phenol (500 mg/L) followed by adding 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Phenol, 2,4-DCP, TOC and COD removal were higher than 98.99% when the organic load ranged between 1.80 and 5.76 kg/m3.d COD. In addition to MBR system development, removal mechanisms were also investigated. Relatively low values of phenol adsorption of GAC and biomass, and high maximum substrate removal rates obtained from a biokinetic experiment, proved that the removals were mainly due to biodegradation. Analysis of sludge indicated a significant difference in the sludge characteristics of the two reactors. The high EPS content in BAC-MBR led to higher viscosity and poor sludge settling properties. The relationship between sludge properties and EPS components revealed that settleability had no direct correlation with EPS, though it was better correlated to protein/carbohydrate ratios.     

The effect of drastic temperature changes on the performance of MBR treating municipal wastewater

A study has been carried out to define the effect of drastic temperature changes on the performance of lab-scale hollow-fibre MBR in treating municipal wastewater at a flux of 10 L m(-2) h(-1) (LMH). The objectives of the study were to estimate the activated sludge properties, the removal efficiencies of COD and NH(3)-N and the membrane fouling tendency under critical conditions of drastic temperature changes (23, 33, 42 & 33 °C) and MLSS concentration ranged between 6,382 and 8,680 mg/L. The study exhibited that the biomass reduction, the low sludge settleability and the supernatant turbidity were results of temperature increase. The temperature increase led to increase in SMP carbohydrate and protein, and to decrease in EPS carbohydrate and protein. The BRE of COD dropped from 80% at 23 °C to 47% at 42 °C, while the FRE was relatively constant at about 90%. Both removal efficiencies of NH(3)-N trended from about 100% at 33 °C to less than 50% at 42 °C. TMP and BWP ascended critically with temperature increase up to 336 and 304 mbar respectively by the end of the experiment. The values of suspended solids (SS) and the turbidity in the final effluent were negligible. The DO in the mixed liquor was varying with temperature change, while the pH was within the range of 6.7-8.3.     

Full scale implementation of the nutrient limited BAS process at S?dra Cell V?r?.

A combination of the suspended carrier biofilm process and the activated sludge process (biofilm-activated sludge--BAS) has been shown to be very successful for the treatment of different types of pulp and paper mill effluents. The robust biofilm pre-treatment in combination with activated sludge results in a stable, compact and highly efficient process. Recent findings have shown that nutrient limited operation of the biofilm process greatly improves the sludge characteristics in the following activated sludge stage, while minimising sludge production and effluent discharge of nutrients. The nutrient limited BAS process was implemented at full scale at the S?dra Cell V?r? kraft mill and taken into operation in July 2002. After start-up and optimisation over about 5 months, the process meets all effluent discharge limits. The removal of COD is close to 70% and the removal of EDTA greater than 90%. Typical effluent concentrations of suspended solids and nutrients during stable operations have been 20-30 mg/L TSS, 0.3-0.5 mg/L phosphorus and 3-5 mg/L nitrogen. The sludge production was 0.09 kgSS/kg COD removed and the sludge volume index was 50-100 mL/g.     

Effect of Fenton's treatment on the biodegradability of chromium-complex azo dyes.

Pretreatment of an acid dyebath effluent bearing a new generation chromium complex azo dyestuff (C0 = 350 mg/L) with Fenton's reagent was investigated. Preliminary optimisation (baseline) experiments were conducted to determine the Fe2+, H2O2 concentrations and pH required to the highest possible COD and colour removals. Kinetic studies were carried out at varying temperatures (20 degrees C < T < 70 degrees C) to establish a relationship between COD abatement and H2O2 consumption. The activation energy found for catalytic H2O2 decomposition (Ea = 9.8 kJ/mol) appeared to be significantly less than that of fermentative (Ea = 23 kJ/mol) and of thermal (Ea = 76 kJ/mol) H2O2 decomposition, implying that H2O2 decomposition during the Fenton's reaction occurs more spontaneously. The experimental studies indicated that approximately 30% COD and complete colour removal could be achieved under optimised Fenton pretreatment conditions (Fe2+ = 2 mM; H2O2 = 30 mM; pH = 3; at T = 60 degrees C). Long-term activated sludge experiments revealed that although the raw and pretreated acid dyebath effluent contained practically the same amount of "readily biodegradable" COD (inert COD fraction < or = 10%), biodegradation of the chemically pretreated acid dye effluent proceeded appreciably faster than that of the untreated acid dyebath effluent.     

林可霉素高浓度有机废水处理技术

采用厌氧颗粒和好氧活性污泥分别对内循环厌氧反应器(IC)和间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)进行污泥接种培养,研究水解酸化-IC-SBR工艺在林可霉素生产废水处理方面的运行效果。结果表明:在进水COD的质量浓度为6 000~9 000 mg/L,IC和SBR反应器中有机负荷分别为0.82 kg/(kg.d)和0.26 kg/(kg.d)左右的情况下,IC和SBR反应器分别运行60 d和7 d,COD平均去除率分别达到91%和61%,出水COD的质量浓度在300 mg/L以下,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

Pilot-scale studies on biological treatment of hypersaline wastewater at low temperature.

In order to investigate the feasibility of biological treatment of hypersaline wastewater produced from toilet flushing with seawater at low temperature, pilot-scale studies were established with plug-flow activated sludge process at low temperature (5-9 degrees C) based on bench-scale experiments. The critical salinity concentration of 30 g/L, which resulted from the cooperation results of the non-halophilic bacteria and the halophilic bacteria, was drawn in bench-scale experiments. Pilot-scale studies showed that high COD removal efficiency, higher than 80%, was obtained at low temperature when 30 percent seawater was introduced. The salinity improved the settleability of activated sludge, and average sludge value dropped down from 38% to 22.5% after adding seawater. Seawater salinity had a strong negative effect on notronomonas and nitrobacter growth, but much more on the nitrobacter. The nitrification action was mainly accomplished by nitrosomonas. Bench-scale experiments using two SBRs were carried out for further investigation under different conditions of salinities, ammonia loadings and temperatures. Biological nitrogen removal via nitrite pathway from wastewater containing 30 percent seawater was achieved, but the ammonia removal efficiency was strongly related not only to the influent ammonia loading at different salinities but also to temperature. When the ratio of seawater to wastewater was 30 percent, and the ammonia loading was below the critical value of 0.15 kgNH4+-N/(kgMLSS.d), the ammonia removal efficiency via nitrite pathway was above 90%. The critical level of ammonia loading was 0.15, 0.08 and 0.03 kgNH4+-N/(kgMLSS.d) respectively at the different temperature 30 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 20 degrees C when the influent ammonia concentration was 60-80 mg/L and pH was 7.5-8.0.     

Denitrification of nitrate-contaminated groundwater using a simple immobilized activated sludge bioreactor

A simple anaerobic-activated sludge system, in which microorganisms are immobilized by a novel functional carrier, was used for removing nitrate in groundwater. The operating conditions, including hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, temperature and NO(3)(-)-N loading concentration were investigated. The NO(3)(-)-N concentration, residual chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrite accumulation were used as indicators to assess the water quality of the effluent. The anaerobic biomass loading capacity in the carrier was 12.8 g/L and the denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. and Rhodocyclaceae bacterium were dominant among the immobilized microorganisms in the anaerobic-activated sludge. Under operating conditions of HRT= 1.5 h, C/N= 2-3 and T= 16.8-20 °C, the removal efficiency of NO(3)(-)-N exceeded 93%, corresponding to a relatively high denitrification rate of 0.73 kg NO(3)(-)-N m(-3) d(-1), when the NO(3)(-)-N loading concentration was 50 mg/L. The NO(3)(-)-N concentration of the effluent always met regulatory criteria for drinking water (<10 mg/L) in the main developed and developing countries. The effluent COD was also below 10 mg/L. Although some nitrite accumulated (0-1.77 mg/L) during the operating period, it can be decreased through adjusting the operating pH and HRT. The immobilized activated sludge system may be useful for the removal of nitrate from groundwater.     

活性污泥胞外聚合物EPS的影响因素研究

胞外聚合物EPS对活性污泥的表面特性、生物絮凝、沉降及脱水性能等具有重要的影响,主要对污泥负荷Ns,DO,温度,Ca2+,pH及废水水质等因素对EPS的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明:Ns,pH及废水水质对EPS的含量、成分有显著的影响;DO,温度对EPS的影响较小;同时随着进水Ca2+浓度的增加,污泥的EPS,脱氢酶及OUR增加。     

Phosphorus removal from synthetic and municipal wastewater using spent alum sludge.

In the present study, phosphorus removal was studied using as coagulant spent alum sludge from a water treatment plant of EYDAP (Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company) and compared to alum (Al2(SO4)3.18H2O), iron chloride (FeCl3.7H2O), iron sulfate (Fe2(S04).10H2O) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) at a constant pH (equal to 6).The comparison was based on their efficiency to remove phosphorus in synthetic wastewater consisting of 10 mg/L P as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50 mg/L N as ammonium chloride, The experiments were carried out using a jar-test apparatus and the measurements were performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Pure alum, iron chloride and iron sulfate were much more efficient in phosphorus removal than the spent alum sludge but in the case of calcium hydroxide, phosphorus removal was very low in pH = 6. Specifically, orthophosphate were totally removed by alum using 15 mg/L as Al, by alum sludge using 75 mg/L as Al and by FeCl3.7H2O or Fe2(SO4).10H2O using 30 mg/L of Fe while in the case of calcium hydroxide P removal was actually zero. pH measurements showed that the uptake of phosphates is associated to the release of OH ions in the solution and that the end of P uptake is accompanied by the stabilization of pH. Finally this spent alum sludge was tested on municipal wastewater and proved to be effective as apart from phosphorus it was shown to remove turbidity and COD.     

Hydrolysis of return sludge for production of easily biodegradable carbon: effect of pre-treatment, sludge age and temperature.

Return sludge from two Swedish and two Danish wastewater treatment plants were hydrolysed in laboratory reactors. Treatment plants with/without pre-sedimentation and with/without nitrification were represented. Soluble organic matter was produced from all types of sludge, but the yield was to a large extent dependent on what type of sludge was hydrolysed. Activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants without pre-treatment returned more soluble carbon after hydrolysis than sludge from treatment plants with pre-sedimentation. In addition, more soluble carbon was formed from non-nitrifying activated sludge than from nitrifying sludge. Moreover, the maximum yield of soluble COD at 10 degrees C was less than the yield at 20 degrees C. The initial hydrolysis rate was found to be between 0.35 and 1.8 mg soluble COD/(g VS x h). With the exception of one case, between 15 and 50% of the produced soluble COD was shown to be volatile fatty acids, a suitable carbon source for biological phosphorus removal. Nitrification rate measurements indicated that the viability of the activated sludge was not affected by the hydrolysis.