从石油化工废催化剂中回收铂族金属的研究进展

贵金属催化剂是石油化工生产中使用的主要催化剂类型,并且随着石油化工生产中对贵金属催化剂的使用量增加,导致含铂废催化剂的资源数量也不断增加,因此,从石油化工废催化剂中进行铂族金属回收具有更加显著的作用和意义[1].本文将通过对铂族金属资源以及石油化工生产中对贵金属催化剂的应用分析,结合从石油化工废催化剂中进行铂族金属回收...     

金属载体失效汽车尾气催化剂铂族金属回收工艺研究

失效汽车尾气催化剂已成为铂族金属重要的二次资源,其中以堇青石为载体的失效汽车尾气催化剂回收工艺的研究较多,而以金属载体的失效汽车尾气催化剂回收的研究较少。因为金属载体用湿法和火法回收比较困难,副产物多且污染较大。研究了一种新工艺来处理回收金属载体失效汽车尾气催化剂,该工艺流程简短,污染低,铂族金属综合回收率可达90%以上。     

失效汽车尾气净化催化剂中铂族金属回收技术

主要对失效汽车尾气净化催化剂中的铂族金属回收技术做了综述。失效催化剂的回收技术包括催化剂预处理、铂族金属的富集、铂族金属的精炼、回收铂族金属后废渣的回收应用等多个环节。铂族金属的富集主要有火法与湿法两大工艺。火法工艺包括等离子熔炼法、金属捕集法、干式氯化法等技术;湿法工艺有载体溶解法、活性组分溶解法、全溶法及加压氰化法等技术。铂族金属的精炼主要有还原沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法等。其中在富集工艺中火法有着处理量大、铂族金属回收率稳定、不需要处理大量废液等技术优势。     

失效汽车尾气净化催化剂中铂族金属回收技术

主要对失效汽车尾气净化催化剂中的铂族金属回收技术做了综述。失效催化剂的回收技术包括催化剂预处理、铂族金属的富集、铂族金属的精炼、回收铂族金属后废渣的回收应用等多个环节。铂族金属的富集主要有火法与湿法两大工艺。火法工艺包括等离子熔炼法、金属捕集法、干式氯化法等技术;湿法工艺有载体溶解法、活性组分溶解法、全溶法及加压氰化法等技术。铂族金属的精炼主要有还原沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法等。其中在富集工艺中火法有着处理量大、铂族金属回收率稳定、不需要处理大量废液等技术优势。     

废工业催化剂回收技术进展

介绍了废工业催化剂回收的现状和常用的回收方法。几种近年来出现具有经济性和环保性双重优势的新型回收技术具有发展前途。     

神通广大的铂族金属

铂族元素包括铂(Pt)、钯(Pd)、钌(Ru)、铑(Rh)、锇(OS)、铱(Ir)六种金属元素。在铂族元素矿物中,这六种元素彼此之间通常构成范围广泛的类质同相现象,同时还会有铁、镍、钴某类质同相混入物。铂族金属与金、银一起同列为贵金属,但铂族金属发现远不及金、银,显得十分“年青”。在铂族金属中,用量最大、用途最广的是铂,其次是钯,两者合计占整个铂族金属产量和用量的90%以上。铂族金属神通广大,广泛应用于现代工业领域,从     

含铂族废触媒的再生利用

用王水溶解铂族金属废触媒，再经不同的沉淀、溶解、沉淀过程而分离Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ、Ｒｈ等；汽车尾气净化含铂族金属废触媒，需先提浓，再经抽出分离而得到回收利用。     

废催化剂中贵重金属回收的研究进展

对化工生产中广泛使用的铑、钯、铂等催化剂的回收工艺进行了介绍,并对各种回收工艺进行了评价。     

探究炼油加氢废催化剂中金属分离回收工艺

在炼油催化剂加工过程中会有大量金属产生,据调查发现全球每年炼油加氢废催化剂中大概含有50～70万t的金属,但过去并没有重视这些金属,都是将炼油加氢废催化剂运用深埋方法实施解决,不仅给环境带来了极大伤害,而且还浪费了大量金属资源。随着环保的不断深化以及能源回收的大力发展,如今很多国家都设立了催化剂回收公司,将炼油废催化剂高效的回收再利用,尤其是金属的分离回收,因为炼油废催化剂中金属含量非常大,所以本文着重对炼油加氢废催化剂中金属分离回收工艺展开了研究,主要探讨了金属分离回收在炼油加氢废催化剂中发挥的作用、炼油加氢废催化剂中金属回收的主要来源、回收废镍及废钒催化剂的相关工艺技术,希望能对相关领域提供一定的参考依据。     

Selective Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automobile Catalyst by Integrated Ion Exchange Methods

Selective recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs), such as Pd, Pt, and Rh, from spent automobile catalyst has been investigated by integrated ion exchange method using dihexyl sulfide (DHS) impregnated resin and commercial weak anion exchange resin (Diaion WA-21) as adsorbents. Batchwise adsorption revealed that the DHS impregnated resin possesses the selective adsorption ability for Pd and WA-21 possesses selectivity for all PGMs, especially Rh. Chromatographic separation of Pd with column packed with DHS impregnated resin can be selectively achieved. The chromatographic separation of Pd and Pt with a column packed with WA-21 is effectively progressed, while that of Rh is insufficient yield due to a slow adsorption rate. Separation of Rh from other two PGMs can therefore be achieved by switching the eluent. Both adsorbents show almost no adsorption abilities for other heavy metals containing in the spent automobile catalyst. Sequential chromatographic operation of the column packed with DHS impregnated resin followed by the column packed with WA-21 can be finally achieved to recover mutual PGM from leaching solution of spent automobile catalyst.     

基于微生物湿法冶金的废催化剂资源化研究进展

石油冶炼与化工行业每年产生大量的固体废催化剂。由于废催化剂的有害性,对其处理有严格的环境管制要求。利用生物湿法冶金技术从废催化剂中回收金属是一个经济可行与环境友好的方法。文章综述基于微生物湿法冶金的废催化剂资源化研究现状与未来发展。     

Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automobile Catalyst by Solvent-Impregnated Resins

ABSTRACT

Separation of platinum and palladium, using solvent-impregnated resin (SIR) impregnating di-hexylamine (DHA), di-n-octylamine (DOA), or di-hexyl sulfide (DHS), coated by polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked by glutaraldehyde, was investigated. Coating of the SIR successfully suppressed leakage of the extractant during adsorption. The coated SIR was applied to chromatographic recovery of the two metals and quantitative adsorption–elution was performed via the frontal analysis mode. The adsorption of Pt and Pd was achieved, while adsorption of the co-existing metals in the leaching solution was suppressed. Separation of Pt and Pd was achieved by employing sequential chromatography system together with the quantitative elution of Pt from DHA-SIR with the mixture of 0.5 mol/L thiourea and 0.5 mol/L HCl and that of Pd from DHS-SIR with the mixture of 0.1 mol/L thiourea and 0.5 mol/L HCl solution. Finally, elementary Pt was then obtained from the eluent of sequential chromatography system by simultaneous precipitation and reduction of Pt with sodium borohydride with 99.2% purity.     

Development of a Laboratory Scale Hydrometallurgical Procedure for the Recovery of Pt and Rh from Spent Automotive Catalysts

Topics in Catalysis - A summary of the development of an integrated laboratory-scale process for the recovery of PGM from spent automotive catalysts is presented. The proposed process, the...     

废钯催化剂中钯的回收

介绍了分别从废Pd /Al2 O3、Pd/C、Pd/Cu催化剂中回收钯的各种方法 ,并对其优劣性进行了分析。     

含钯废催化剂中钯回收研究进展

在化工生产中,钯催化剂因其具有效率高、用量少、选择性高等优点,被广泛应用于汽车尾气净化、石油化工、精细化学品合成等领域。随着钯催化剂需求量的增加,含钯废催化剂的数量也在不断增长,对钯废催化剂进行回收,意义重大。本文介绍了钯废催化剂的回收方法,并比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

从失活的油脂加氢催化剂中回收镍

采用酸浸后再氨络合的方法从废油脂加氢催化剂中回收镍，镍的回收率最高可达99%以上。酸浸前先在适当温度下焙烧废催化剂样品有利于镍的溶出。使用由盐酸与硫酸以适当比例构成的混酸比使用单一盐酸或硫酸更有利于镍的溶出。加氨时，采用反加方式比正加和并流方式所得镍的回收率高。     

镀铬废液的回收及利用

将电镀废铬液用自配的复合絮凝剂处理后,得到铬浓度不同的系列标准除铜液,用于除铜实验。实验表明,最佳的除铜酸度为30g／L H2SO4左右,最佳的絮凝剂／废铬液=5／4。用一阶微商法求出最佳的除铜废液中CrO3质量浓度为255．8g／L,而处理后的排放液中Cr^6 质量浓度为0．4mg／L,既实现了废物利用又治理了环境污染。     

Carbon‐Carbon Double Bond versus Carbonyl Group Hydrogenation: Controlling the Intramolecular Selectivity with Polyaniline‐Supported Platinum Catalysts

The use of polyaniline (PANI) as catalyst support for heterogeneous catalysts and their application in chemical catalysis is hitherto rather poorly known. We report the successful synthesis of highly dispersed PANI‐supported platinum catalysts (particle sizes between 1.7 and 3.7 nm as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, TEM) choosing two different approaches, namely (i) deposition‐precipitation of H₂PtCl₆ onto polyaniline, suspended in basic medium (DP method) and, (ii) immobilization of a preformed nanoscale platinum colloid on polyaniline (sol‐method). The PANI‐supported platinum catalysts were applied in the selective hydrogenation of the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde citral. In order to benchmark their catalytic performance, citral hydrogenation was also carried out by using platinum supported on the classical support materials silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), active carbon and graphite. The relations of the structural characteristics and surface state of the catalysts with respect to their hydrogenation properties have been probed by EXAFS and XPS. It is found that the DP method yields chemically prepared PtO₂ on polyaniline and, thus, produces a highly dispersed and immobilized Adams catalyst (in the β‐PtO₂ form) which is able to efficiently hydrogenate the conjugated CC bond of citral (selectivity to citronellal=87%), whereas reduction of the CO group occurs with polyaniline‐supported platinum (selectivity to geraniol/nerol=78%) prepared via the sol‐method. The complete reversal of the selectivity between the preferred hydrogenation of the conjugated CC or CO group is not only particularly useful for the selective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes but also unveils the great potential of conducting polymer‐supported precious metals in the field of hitherto barely investigated chemical catalysis.