氯气液化和液氯汽化的节能方案比较

为达到给定的氯气液化和液氯汽化能源消耗要求,分析6种技术方案并比较各种方案的能耗:1溴化锂制冷用于氯气液化,蒸汽加热用于液氯汽化;2螺杆机制冷用于氯气液化,蒸汽加热用于液氯汽化;3螺杆机制冷用于氯气液化,热泵加热用于液氯汽化;4螺杆机制冷用于氯气液化,合成炉余热、热泵加热用于液氯汽化;5螺杆机制冷用于氯气液化,循环水废热、合成炉余热用于液氯汽化;6原氯汽化液氯,剩余液氯再用蒸汽加热汽化。     

国内外炭黑市场分析

全球炭黑约70％用于轮胎制造,20％用于橡胶制品,其余则用于塑料添加剂、染料、印刷油墨等中。而在橡胶制品中的消耗量约一半用于制造汽车零部件如胶带和减震橡胶制品等,因此约80％的炭黑消耗量用于汽车工业。     

巡视中空纤维膜的研发和产业进展

介绍了国内外用于人工肾的中空纤维透析膜、用于废水处理的微滤、超滤中空纤维及膜生物反应器（MBR）、用于海水淡化的中空纤维反渗透膜、用于气体分离及有机物代精馏的中空纤维膜、用于双亲和性吸附蛋白质的固定双配合剂多微孔中空纤维膜、用于回收海水资源的微滤和纳滤膜、用于脱氧核糖核酸链（DNA）切片的内含亲水性聚合物的中空纤维膜以及新型电池隔膜.     

文丘里管在给水排水工程中的应用

文章通过对文丘里管工作原理的分析,阐述了文丘里管的原理、构造组成、特点及应用,探讨了特别是在给水排水工程中,用于投加设备的水射器,用于气浮的射流气浮设备,用于曝气的射流曝气设备,用于换热的混合式换热器等方面的应用优势。     

信息

拜耳研发新款交联剂用于热敏纺织涂料在聚氨酯分散体Imprafix 2794 XP的基础上,拜耳材料科技研发了用于热敏纺织纤维涂料的高性能交联剂。比如说弹性聚酰胺纤维,这种纤维最常用于泳衣和运动衣,当然也用于外套、内衣、裤袜和鞋子。分散体里面的阻滞剂有助于剂型的长     

技术贸易

氯化苄和苯甲醛联合生产技术氯化苄是重要的医药、农药、染料、增塑剂及有机合成中间体。医药上大量用于合成苯乙酸,农药上用于生产稻瘟净、异瘟净等,染料上用于生产分散剂CNF、溶解盐B、高温匀染剂A-10等,增塑剂行业大量用于合成邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯,表面活性剂行业用于合成新洁尔灭。     

我国醋酸酐的生产技术进展及市场分析

醋酸酐又名乙酸酐,是一种重要的有机化工原料,主要用于制造醋酸纤维素、醋酸纤维漆、醋酸塑料、不燃性电影胶片、香烟过滤嘴和塑料制品等。此外在医药上可用于制备合霉素、地巴唑、阿斯匹林等;在染料工业中用于生产分散深蓝HGL、分散大红S-SWEL、分散黄棕S-2REC等;在香料工业中用于生产香豆素、乙酸龙脑酯、葵子麝香、乙酸柏木酯、乙酸松香酯、乙酸苯乙酯、乙酸香叶酯等。此外,醋酸酐还可用于制备漂白剂、乙酰化剂、脱水剂和聚合反应的引发剂等,用途十分广泛。     

甲酸生产技术及市场

0 概述 甲酸是最简单的脂肪族一元酸,广泛用于合成医药、农药、染料、助剂以及其它有机中间体。在皮革工业中,作为无机合成酸的代用品,用于鞣革的脱灰、脱毛,中和石灰和防止湿皮革的发霉：在纺织印染工业中,用于酸性漂洗：甲酸还可用于青饲料与谷物的贮藏,有明显抑制或防止霉生长的功能;     

丙烯酸及酯的国内外市场分析（上）

丙烯酸主要用于生产水溶性涂料和胶粘剂用的共聚单体丙烯酸丁酯和乙酯,以及用于生产高吸水性树脂（超级吸水剂聚合物,SAP）。生产丙烯酸酯占总需求量55％。粗（未精制）丙烯酸几乎都用于生产丙烯酸酯（最重要的有丁酯、甲酯、乙酯和2-乙基己基酯）,以及涂料、造纸、纺化、粘结剂和油墨工业用其他衍生物。冰丙烯酸用于生产高吸水性树脂,占世界需求量约32％,以及洗涤剂聚合物。少量用于生产聚丙烯酸酯用作增稠剂、分散剂和流变控制剂。     

我国丙烯酸仍面临发展机遇

丙烯酸主要用于生产水溶性涂料和胶粘剂用的共聚单体丙烯酸丁酯和乙酯,以及用于生产高吸水性树脂(超级吸水剂聚合物,SAP).生产丙烯酸酯占总需求量55%.粗(未精制)丙烯酸几乎都用于生产丙烯酸酯(最重要的有丁酯、甲酯、乙酯和2-乙基己基酯),以及涂料、造纸、纺化、粘结剂和油墨工业用其他衍生物.冰丙烯酸用于生产高吸水性树脂,占世界需求量约32%,以及洗涤剂聚合物.少量用于生产聚丙烯酸酯用作增稠剂、分散剂和流变控制剂.     

玉米蛋白纳米纤维的制备及其交联研究

用静电纺丝技术制备了玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)纳米纤维膜,对所制备的纤维膜进行了扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、远红外(FTIR)表征。SEM结果表明:质量分数为30%的Zein溶液所制备的纳米纤维形貌最佳。XRD结果显示静电纺丝未改变Zein的晶相。FTIR结果表明:电纺并未改变Zein的主要结构。对Zein纳米纤维膜进行了紫外线交联和戊二醛交联,并对交联后的纤维膜进行了比表面积和拉伸性能测试。结果表明:交联后Zein纳米纤维膜的力学性能有显著提高,但戊二醛交联引起了比表面积的急剧减小,会对纤维膜的通透性造成较大影响;而紫外线交联的纳米纤维膜的力学性能不仅得到了提高,微观结构也不受影响。     

Co‐electrospun nanofibers of PVA‐SbQ and Zein for wound healing

In this study, electrospun biocompatible nanofibers with random orientation were prepared by physically blending poly(vinyl alcohol)‐stilbazol quaternized (PVA‐SbQ) with zein in acetic acid solution for wound healing. PVA‐SbQ was used as the foundation polymer as well as crosslinking agent, blended with zein to achieve desirable properties such as improved tensile strength, surface wettability, and in vitro degradable properties. Moreover, vaccarin drug was incorporated in situ into electrospun nanofibrous membranes for cell viability and cell attachment. The addition of vaccarin showed great effects on the morphology of nanofiber and enhanced cell viability and proliferation in comparison with composite nanofibers without drug. The presence of PVA‐SbQ, zein, and vaccarin drug in the nanofibrous membranes exhibited good compatibility, hydrophilicity, and biocompatibility and created a moist environment to have potential application for wound healing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42565.     

用玉米醇溶蛋白测试表面活性剂的刺激性

表面活性剂的刺激性不同，使醇溶蛋白水解出的氨基酸数量有所差别。zein测试方法就是通过测定zein值，即表面活性剂溶液中有醇溶蛋白时测得的氮含量和无醇溶蛋白时测得的氮含量之差，判断表面活性剂刺激性的强弱。使用自制的玉米醇溶蛋白，利用zein测试法，对月桂醇硫酸酯盐、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯盐和不同碳链的烷基硫酸镁等表面活性剂的刺激性进行了评价。其实验结果与文献完全吻合，表明zein测试法具有很好的重复性和可信度。     

Multifunctional and Efficient Air Filtration: A Natural Nanofilter Prepared with Zein and Polyvinyl Alcohol

Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning technology possess large specific surface area and adjustable fiber diameter. Zein is a hydrophobic plant protein that can interact with pollutants in the air. In this work, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the auxiliary spinning polymer, zein based nanofiber materials are prepared for air filtration by varying zein/PVA ratio as well as the alcoholysis degree. With the increase of zein content, the diameter of nanofibers decreases gradually, and the nanofibers prepared by PVA with low alcoholysis degree exhibit better micromorphology. The zein based nanofibers prepared after denaturation of zein protein can interact with different types of pollutants. In addition, for the nanofibers prepared by PVA with different alcoholysis degree, the filtration efficiency increases with the increase of zein content when absorbing air pollution particles with different particle sizes and the alcoholysis degree affects the air filtration efficiency. Thus, through controlling zein content and alcoholysis degree, the filtration efficiency of nanofibers is promoted availably. These results indicate that the natural nanofilter prepared with zein and PVA can be used a multifunctional and efficient material for air filtration.     

玉米醇溶蛋白作为阿司匹林缓控释骨架材料的研究

以阿司匹林（Aspirin）为模型药物,玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）作为骨架材料,采用混合压片法制备了不同配方的药物片剂。紫外比色法测定释放效果,根据药片溶出实验结果进行数理统计,模拟释药方程。结果表明：Zein作为骨架材料的片剂释药时间都达到了6h以上,控制药剂配方中阿司匹林和分散剂淀粉用量的比例,就可以实现不同的控释效果。实验结果表明了玉米醇溶蛋白是一种良好的天然药物缓控释骨架材料。     

Electrospinning formaldehyde‐crosslinked zein solutions

In order to develop zein fibers with improved physical properties and solvent resistance, formaldehyde was used as a crosslinking reagent before spinning. The crosslinking reaction was carried out in either acetic acid or ethanolic HCl where the amount of crosslinking reagent was between 1 and 6%. Reactions were carried out at various times and temperatures. When carried out in acetic acid, the maximum amount of formaldehyde that could be used was 1.5% as gelation occurred at higher levels. In ethanolic HCl, 6% formaldehyde could be incorporated into zein. All solutions were successfully electrospun, producing predominantly ribbon and round fibers; the morphology was strongly dependent on solvent and spinning solids. The formaldehyde‐crosslinked zein fabrics had double the tensile strength of control fabrics. SDS‐PAGE analysis clearly showed crosslinking had occurred. Electrospun fabrics from all formaldehyde‐treated zein solutions required an additional heating step in order to be resistant to dissolution in acetic acid, a known very good solvent for zein. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Starch-zein blends formed by shear flow

A newly in-house developed shearing device was used to explore the formation of new types of microstructures in concentrated starch-zein blends. The device allowed processing of the biopolymer blends under homogeneous, simple shear flow conditions. Water and glycerol were added as plasticizers. Different ratios (0-20% zein, dry basis) were used to study the influence of the matrix composition and processing conditions on the properties of the final material. The properties at large deformation were examined by tensile tests in two different directions (i.e. along the flow (∥) and in the vorticity (⊥) directions). The morphology of the blends observed by confocal scanning laser microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that under shearless conditions, starch-zein formed a co-continuous blend. The application of shear transformed this structure into a dispersion, with zein as the dispersed phase. The size of the zein aggregates increased with zein concentration. A certain degree of anisotropy was found with the 10% zein blend at the highest shear rate applied . Here, the zein aggregates were slightly deformed along the shear flow (∥). Both microscopy and tensile tests indicated that the blends have no or weak adhesion between the zein and starch phases. The effect of zein particles on the mechanical properties followed a modified model used for particle-matrix materials with weak adhesion between the phases.     

Electrospinning and crosslinking of zein nanofiber mats

Electrospinning processing can be applied to fabricate fibrous polymer mats composed of fibers whose diameters range from several microns down to 100 nm or less. In this article, we describe how electrospinning was used to produce zein nanofiber mats and combined with crosslinking to improve the mechanical properties of the as‐spun mats. Aqueous ethanol solutions of zein were electrospun, and nanoparticles, nanofiber mats, or ribbonlike nanofiber mats were obtained. The effects of the electrospinning solvent and zein concentration on the morphology of the as‐spun nanofiber mats were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the morphologies of the electrospun products exhibited a zein‐dependent concentration. Optimizing conditions for zein produced nanofibers with a diameter of about 500 nm with fewer beads or ribbonlike nanofibers with a diameter of approximately 1–6 μm. Zein nanofiber mats were crosslinked by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The tensile strength of the crosslinked electrospun zein nanofiber mats was increased significantly. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103:380–385, 2007     

Effect of corn‐zein coating on the mechanical properties of polypropylene packaging films

In this study, a novel film structure of corn zein coated on polypropylene (PP) synthetic films for food packaging applications was developed, and the mechanical properties of the resulting coated film, as affected by the coating formulation, were investigated. Composite structures of PP films coated with corn zein were obtained through a simple solvent casting method. Different amounts of corn zein (5 and 15%) were dissolved in 70 and 95% aqueous ethanol solution at 50°C. Solutions of corn zein plasticized with poly(ethylene glycol) and glycerol (GLY) at various levels (20 and 50%) were applied on corona‐discharge‐treated PP. A statistical analysis based on full factorial design was performed to examine the influence of the coating formulation on the final properties of the corn‐zein‐coated PP films. A significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the coated film's mechanical properties was observed compared to those of the uncoated PP. The effect of the plasticization of the coating solutions was also quite significant. In general, GLY provided better improvements in the mechanical properties of the corn‐zein‐coated PP films. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the corn‐zein and plasticizer concentrations and plasticizer type used in the coating formulations were more effective parameters and had significant effects on the mechanical behavior of the coated PP films. In conclusion, corn‐zein coatings could have potential as alternatives to conventional synthetic polymers used in composite multilayer structures for food packaging applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Mechanical and morphological characterization of starch/zein blends plasticized with glycerol

Blends of starch and zein plasticized with glycerol were prepared by melting in a batch mixer at 160°C. Glycerol was used as plasticizer in contents ranging from 20 to 40 wt % with respect to the starch/zein matrix. These blends were characterized by mechanical tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, and optical microscopy. In tensile tests, the Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength increased with increasing zein content for all compositions, whereas elongation at break decreased sharply with increasing zein content up to 20%, and it remained nearly constant at higher contents of zein, which increased the stiffness of the blends. On the other hand, increase in the glycerol content caused a decrease in mechanical resistance of the blends. Storage modulus increased with increasing zein content and the tan δ curves showed that the blends exhibited two distinct glass transitions, one for each component, indicating a two‐phase system, confirming the morphological evidence of micrographs that displayed two separate phases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4133–4139, 2006