催化分解四氯化碳与甲醇生成一氯甲烷技术

介绍了催化分解四氯化碳与甲醇生成一氯甲烷技术及实际操作控制过程,简述了四氯化碳水解、醇解及甲醇氢氯化反应机理和化学反应方程式,分析了催化剂的选择、工艺技术的优化、设备的选型、实际操作参数控制等条件和方法,在反应温度250~290℃、催化反应区间停留时间在20 s以上,甲醇和四氯化碳的摩尔比3.5~3.8的适宜条件下,四氯化碳转化率可达到95%以上,利用率可达98%以上。     

响应面法优化羊毛脂甲酯化工艺研究

以羊毛脂为原料,采用甲醇钠、氢氧化钠2种催化剂,考察了反应温度、时间、催化剂用量、醇用量等因素对甲酯化的影响。结果表明:甲醇钠为催化剂时,在反应温度60℃、甲醇与羊毛脂质量比1.6、反应时间60 min、催化剂质量分数4%的条件下,酯转化率达到94.3%。用响应面法优化氢氧化钠为催化剂的羊毛脂甲酯化工艺,得到最佳工艺条件为:反应温度65.3℃、甲醇与羊毛脂质量比1.85、催化剂质量分数6%、反应时间90 min,在此条件下酯转化率可达94.2%。     

离子液体催化酸化油甲酯化工艺及其特性

以酸化油为原料，自制离子液体为催化剂，采用甲酯化方法制备脂肪酸甲酯。通过考察甲醇与脂肪酸物质的量比、离子液体催化剂加入量、反应温度和反应时间对甲酯化反应的影响，最佳反应条件：甲醇与脂肪酸物质的量比9∶1，离子液体催化剂用量为甲醇与游离脂肪酸总质量的25%，反应温度65 ℃，反应时间2.0 h。通过测量原料酸化油与产物的含水量，证明离子液体催化剂具有良好的带水性，有利于甲酯化反应的进行。该方法不仅可降低生产成本，减少环境污染，也能避免油脂资源问题，具有较高经济效益和社会效益。     

溶剂对Pd/C催化四氯化碳液相加氢反应的影响

考察了活性组分、载体、Pd含量及溶剂对四氯化碳液相催化加氢转化为氯仿反应的影响。实验结果表明，质量分数0.5%的Pd/C是四氯化碳液相催化转化的较优催化剂。溶剂对该反应的速率和产品分布有显著影响，在正庚烷、甲苯和甲醇3种溶剂中，甲醇最利于提高Pd/C催化剂的活性，且四氯化碳转化的平均反应速率随着甲醇含量的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势，氯仿的选择性随着甲醇含量的增加有所降低。当甲醇和四氯化碳的体积比为2∶1时，四氯化碳转化速率最高。甲醇和四氯化碳的体积比为1∶10时，氯仿的选择性达90%。     

甲醇气相法联产氯代甲烷工艺特点

论述了甲醇气相催化法生产一氯甲烷以及一氯甲烷液相催化法生产二氯甲烷、氯仿和四氯化碳的工艺特点。     

愈创木酚合成新工艺的研究

本文提出了以邻苯二酚和一氯甲烷为原料，在碱性条件、水－甲苯非均相溶剂体系和相转移催化剂的作用下合成愈创木酚的工艺路线。并且深入地考察了原料配比、反应时间和反应温度等各种因素对反应的影响。最终确定了该工艺的最佳条件，收率可达８００％。     

反应条件对四氯化碳选择性脱氯用PtMn/C催化剂性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了PtMn/C催化剂,常压下用四氯化碳加氢脱氯制氯仿的反应评价了催化剂的性能,考察了反应条件和助剂Mn负载量对催化剂上四氯化碳转化率和氯仿选择性的影响,结果表明添加Mn能够明显降低催化剂的活性,但却能够有效提高催化剂对氯仿的选择性,适当的催化剂还原温度有利于催化剂稳定性的提高,反应温度对催化剂的活性有较大的影响,适当提高空速和氢气流量有利于氯仿选择性的提高,但四氯化碳的转化率有所降低。反应温度100℃,四氯化碳空速0.6 h-1,氢气与四氯化碳物质的量比为8∶1,催化剂活化温度为300℃的条件下四氯化碳的转化率为100%,氯仿的选择性大于90%,催化剂上Pt和Mn的质量分数分别为1%和0.5%。     

愈创木酚合成新工艺的研究

本文提出了以邻苯二酚和一氯甲烷为原料，在碱性条件，水－甲苯非均相溶剂体系和相转移催化剂的作用下合成愈创木酚的工艺路线。并且深入地考察了原料配比，反应时间和反应温度等各种因素对反应的影响，最终确定了该工艺的最佳条件，收率可达８０．０％。     

Pd/C催化剂催化氯苯加氢脱氯性能

以氯苯为模型反应原料,采用Pd/C为催化剂催化加氢氯苯脱氯,考察溶剂种类、反应温度、反应压力和反应时间对Pd/C催化剂催化氯苯加氢脱氯性能的影响。结果表明,采用Pd/C为催化剂,以甲醇与水质量比1∶1为溶剂,在反应温度70℃和反应压力0.8 MPa条件下反应100 min,Pd/C催化剂上氯苯转化率超过50%。以甲醇与水质量比1∶1为溶剂,在减少废水和降低成本方面有较大优势。     

对甲基苯磺酰氯催化α-萘乙酸甲酯的合成

以对甲基苯磺酰氯为催化剂，α—萘乙酸和甲醇为原料，经酯化直接合成了α—萘乙酸甲酯。研究了催化剂的用量、酸醇比、反应温度及反应时间等因素对反应的影响，通过实验优化，其最佳反应条件：催化剂用量为原料质量的2．8％，酸醇物质的量比为1：10，反应温度80～85℃，反应时间30min。酯的产率为97．2％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.