铝合金静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊组织非均质性对接头力学性能的影响

对6061-T6铝合金静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊(stationary shoulder friction stir welded, SSFSW)接头组织非均质性与力学性能的相互影响进行了定量分析. 结果表明,SSFSW焊接接头存在明显的组织非均质性,表现在晶粒尺寸及形状、沉淀相种类及分布形态不同,其中沉淀相析出不同是影响力学性能差异的主要因素. 由于组织非均质性导致紧邻焊核区的热影响区软化严重,其硬度和抗拉强度在接头区域最低,分别为母材的60%和72%,为接头最薄弱部分. 由于沉淀强化和晶粒细化效应,焊核区的强度与塑性最好,而抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到母材的88%和215%. 随着与焊核区距离的增加,热影响区抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐增加,断后伸长率不断降低.     

Mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded 2219 aluminum alloy

Underwater friction stir welding of 2219 aluminum alloy was carried out in order to further improve the joint performances by varying welding temperature history. The results indicated that the tensile strength of the joint can be improved from 324 MPa by external water cooling action in normal to 341 MPa. However, the plasticity of the joint is deteriorated. The underwater joint tends to fracture at the interface between the weld nugget zone and the thermal mechanically affected zone on the advancing side during tensile test, which is significantly different from the normal joint.     

基于SWRXD的5083/6082异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的残余应力分布规律

以5083铝与6082铝为研究对象,利用搅拌摩擦焊（friction stir welding,FSW）制备了异种材料对接接头.利用短波长X射线衍射（short-wavelength X-ray diffraction,SWRXD）技术,以{311}与{111}为衍射晶面,基于极图最外圈织构参量确定了残余应力测试方向,采用d₀法研究了FSW焊件中心层的残余应力.结果表明,{111}和{311}晶面测试的纵向残余应力分布趋势相近,焊核区为拉应力并出现两个应力峰值;{111}晶面的测试结果更为离散,应力的峰值向前进侧偏移;采用{111}晶面测试的横向的残余应力分布趋势与{311}晶面测试的结果偏差较大.     

轴肩尺寸对异种铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊接头显微组织的影响规律

对5083铝/6082铝异种材料搅拌摩擦焊（friction stir welding,FSW）进行研究,重点分析轴肩直径对横截面形貌、显微组织与显微硬度的影响规律.结果表明,FSW接头焊核区由致密细小的等轴晶组成;增加轴肩直径可增加焊核区沿垂直焊缝方向的宽度以及增大焊核区、热影响区与热力影响区的晶粒尺寸.与后退侧的6082铝合金不同,前进侧5083铝合金的热力影响区发生了动态再结晶.显微硬度呈W形分布,最小值出现在热影响区.显微硬度的测试结果与焊核区的横截面形貌结果吻合.     

回填搅拌摩擦点焊和传统搅拌摩擦点焊AA6061-T6接头的微观结构和力学性能的比较

在搅拌摩擦点焊过程中,通过添加填充板来改善摩擦成形过程,这种新工艺被称为回填搅拌摩擦点焊。分别采用回填搅拌摩擦点焊和传统的搅拌摩擦点焊工艺焊接AA6061-T6搭接焊样品,研究搅拌头的旋转速度对接头的力学性能和金相组织的影响。在不同的旋转速度下,回填搅拌摩擦点焊接头的静态剪切强度都比传统搅拌摩擦点焊接头的好。这归因于在回填搅拌摩擦点焊时,添加了填充板从而有更多的材料来填充孔洞,消除了形成的孔洞缺陷,从而使点焊焊核区的有效截面积增加。借助扫描电镜观察讨论了材料的失效机制,分析了断裂表面形貌。2种焊接接头的硬度曲线都呈W形,最小的硬度出现在热影响区。     

1420铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接力学性能

针对厚度为2.8 mm的1420铝锂合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接研究,了解搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对接头组织和性能影响.结果表明,在优化焊接参数条件下,1420铝锂合金的搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率均能够达到母材的90%,并且较大的焊接热输入有利于进一步提高搅拌摩擦焊接头的强度系数.通过拉伸断口扫描及显微硬度观察,1420铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头拉伸断口主要为准解理和韧窝断裂的复合断口,对比各个区域的显微硬度,焊缝区域硬度高于母材,且后退侧热力影响区硬度最高,而且搅拌摩擦焊接头中存在典型的"S"线特征.     

Prediction of tensile strength of friction stir welded 6061 Al plates

The present paper investigates the prediction of tensile strength after friction stir welding (FSW) using artificial neural network (ANN) in the MATLAB program. The experimental results are used to develop the mathematical model. The combined influence of welding speed, rotation speed, and axial force on the tensile strength of 6061 Al plates is simulated. Results of the tensile test are used to train and test the ANN model. A multi-layer solution is developed using the ANN model to predict tensile strength. Back propagation (BP) method is initially trained using 80% of the experimental data, then, testing is performed with the rest of the data. Results indicate that predicted values are close to the corresponding measured values.     

Static shear strength and fatigue life of refill friction stir spot welded AA 6061-T6 sheets

This study was aimed at evaluating the static shear strength and fatigue properties of the newly developed refilled friction stir spot welded AA 6061-T6 joints. The keyhole, the process disadvantage of conventional friction stir spot welding, was refilled successfully, using an additional filler plate, with specially designed tools. Two different tool profiles, namely, convex and concave, were used for the refilling process. Sound and defect free joints were obtained by the refilling process. Joints refilled with convex tools showed better static shear strength than those with the concave ones. The variation of microhardness in different regions of the weld was analysed. Fatigue tests were conducted on the lap shear specimens at a stress ratio of R?=?0·1. The optical micrographs of the welds after fatigue failure in both the conventional and refilled processes were examined to study the fatigue crack propagation and failure modes.     

焊接速度对AA6082搅拌摩擦焊接头根部 缺陷及性能的影响

研究了不同焊接速度对5.1 mm厚6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头根部缺陷及性能的影响.采用光学显微镜观察了不同参数下接头根部缺陷形貌并对不同焊接速度下的接头进行了拉伸和弯曲试验.结果表明,随着焊接速度的不断增加,接头根部未焊透缺陷倾向变大,接头软化区部位最低硬度值逐渐增高.焊接速度由50 mm/min增大到400 mm/min时,接头抗拉强度逐渐增加.进一步增大焊接速度到600 mm/min时,由于根部未焊透缺陷的严重性变大,造成接头强度下降.在软化区是接头薄弱区的条件下,其尺寸较小的根部缺陷不影响接头抗拉强度.但是对接头的抗弯强度有显著的不利影响.     

异种铝合金摩擦焊接移动速度和旋转速度的优化(英文)

在摩擦焊接过程中的热效应导致的高模量使铝合金容易变形、强度降低。对船用异种铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接。确定5052-0和6061-T6铝合金在焊接时移动速度和旋转速度的最优条件。得到铝合金最佳焊接条件为移动速度61mm/min和旋转速度1600r/min。     

铜板搅拌摩擦焊接头金相组织及力学性能

通过大量试验分析，在优化了铜板搅拌摩擦焊接工艺的基础上，分析了铜板搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织、性能及其与工艺参数的关系。研究表明：工业纯铜具有良好的搅拌摩擦焊接性能，优化工艺可获得超强于母材的搅拌摩擦焊接接头。焊合区金属在热力耦合作用下发生塑性变形，造成大量晶粒破碎，破碎的晶粒发生动态再结晶，热力影响区组织可以分成再结晶区、不完全再结晶区和动态回复区。     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数窗口的建立与接头性能

搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数对焊缝的表面成形和接头性能有着决定性的影响.以3mm铝合金2024板材对接焊为代表,通过大量的工艺参数试验,考查了多种焊接参数组合下的焊接接头质量,并在此基础上建立了工艺参数窗口.结果表明,在转速375～475r/min,焊接速度150～235mm/min的工艺参数窗口内,接头可以获得母材80%以上的抗拉强度.通过对拉伸断口的显微分析,发现靠搅拌区上方的材料塑性较好,搅拌区底部材料抗变形能力较差,接头区沿厚度方向分层严重.     

镁/铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的组织与性能

选用5083铝合金和AZ31B镁合金为研究对象,研究焊接时间对异种合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头的金属间化合物层和拉剪性能的影响.结果表明,当焊接时间为1 s时,Mg合金的流动性较差,接头中出现明显的孔洞缺陷;随着焊接时间的变长,孔洞缺陷消失.由于铝镁表面的氧化膜在焊接过程中被打碎且焊接温度高于铝镁的共晶温度,接头中心会形成一层液相层,焊后液相层凝固形成金属间化合物.接头的抗拉载荷随着焊接时间的延长先升高后降低,最优载荷在焊接时间为2 s时取得,为3.1 kN.     

超声对不同铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

利用自行研制的超声搅拌摩擦焊机分别对2219,7A52,LF21铝合金进行了常规搅拌摩擦焊和超声搅拌摩擦焊两种不同焊接的试验,并对常规搅拌摩擦焊与超声搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的微观组织、拉伸断口形貌进行了对比分析.结果表明,超声搅拌摩擦焊与常规搅拌摩擦焊相比热影响区几乎消失;超声搅拌摩擦焊焊缝焊核区组织比常规搅拌摩擦焊焊核区组织晶粒更加细小;断口扫描电镜图显示母材断口韧窝具有非等轴状待征,韧窝边上撕裂棱明显表明为韧性断裂;超声搅拌摩擦焊断口韧窝撕裂棱不明显;超声搅拌摩擦焊比常规搅拌摩擦焊的平均抗拉强度有所提高,但断后伸长率有所降低.     

工艺参数对2195铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响

文中采用不同搅拌摩擦焊工艺对2195铝锂合金的可焊性进行了研究.结果表明,接头抗拉强度随旋转频率的提高先增后减,随焊接速度的提高先增后减.当旋转频率为600 r/min、焊接速度为200 mm/min时,接头抗拉强度最高,为432.8 MPa,是母材强度的77.3%.接头区域的硬度低于母材.热影响区内临近HAZ/TMAZ界面的区域是整个接头中软化程度最大的区域.根据热输入的变化,断裂方式可以分为两种:模式1:断裂发生在热影响区,呈现塑性断裂特征,断口特征为等轴韧窝;模式2:断裂发生在焊核区,断裂方式为韧-脆混合型断裂.     

Al-Zn-Mg铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与分层性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对14 mm厚Al-Zn-Mg铝合金进行对接焊接,研究了沿厚度方向分层切片的横向拉伸和应力腐蚀性能,揭示搅拌摩擦焊接头分层力学和腐蚀性能的不均匀性。研究结果表明,焊核区为细小的再结晶组织,焊核区从上表层到下表层晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;接头两侧的热影响区存在明显软化区;接头分层的抗拉强度波动较小,在315～330 MPa之间,断裂位置均位于前进侧的软化区;接头上、下表层在四点弯曲试验中均未发生腐蚀断裂,接头上、下表层热影响区的腐蚀敏感性最高;晶内析出相发生粗化和晶界析出相连续分布,是导致热影响区力学性能和耐蚀性能降低的根本原因。     

AA6061-T6与AZ31合金异种搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织

研究了AA6061-T6和AZ31合金异种搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织。在异种搅拌摩擦焊接AA6061-T6与AZ31合金时,采用偏置条件,即将搅拌针插入时偏向AZ31合金,从而得到异种对接接头。通过预备实验来优化搅拌针的前进速度、旋转速度。运用电子背散射衍射技术观察搅拌区的纹理,并得到粒径分布和错位角分布,在搅拌区存在相对精细的晶粒结构。在AA6061-T6搅拌区出现随机或弱面取向,而在AZ31搅拌区出现旋转底面取向。再结晶颗粒的平均尺寸只有2．5～4．5μm。与基础合金相比,在AA6061-T6搅拌区的大角度晶界的分数增大,而在AZ31搅拌区的小角度晶界的分数降低。     

Tensile properties and mechanical heterogeneity of friction stir welded joints of 2014 aluminum alloy

1 INTRODUCTIONFriction stir welding ( FSW) is a new andpromising welding process that can produce low-cost and high-quality joints of many alloys[1 7]becauseit does not need consumable filler materialsand can eli minate some welding defects such ascrack and porosity . In the FSW process , thewelding temperature is lower than that in thefusion welding, and the metal is in the plasticstate ,so many fusion welding defects can be avoi-ded. At present , more and more researches havebeen focu…     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of aluminum 6061-T6 plates welded with copper insert plate (Al/Cu/Al) using friction stir welding

Friction stir welding was used to join two aluminum 6061-T6 plates with an insert of a pure copper plate (Al/Cu/Al), and then the influence of the copper insert on the joint performance was studied. The dissimilar welding results were also compared with AA 6061 friction stir welds produced without copper insert (Al/Al). Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used for the microstructural observations of the welded samples. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to analyze phase component of the Al/Cu/Al specimen. A defect-free joint was observed for the Al/Cu/Al joint at a rotational speed of 950 r/min and a welding speed of 50 mm/min. Microstructural observation of the weld nugget zone (WNZ) demonstrates the formation of composite-like structure which promotes metallurgical bonding of aluminum and copper. XRD results show the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), such as Al₄Cu₉ and Al₂Cu. Furthermore, it was observed that the hardness of the weld with the Cu insert plate is higher than that of other samples due to more dislocation density and a distinct rise in hardness values was observed due to the presence of IMCs. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint with copper insert plate is higher than that of the other sample due to the strong metallurgical bonding between Al and Cu.     

5052与6061异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织和力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)方法对6 mm厚的5052和6061异种铝合金进行了焊接,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析母材和焊接接头的显微组织和断口形貌,利用XRD分析了搅拌区域的物相组成,并测试了室温拉伸性能和显微硬度。结果表明,5052合金置于前进侧时更有利于材料在焊核区域的相互混合,焊接接头的最低硬度在5052合金一侧热影响区(HAZ),并在这个区域发生了断裂,断裂特征为韧性断裂。焊接接头的最大抗拉强度为225 MPa,伸长率为5.77%。