环保增塑剂环氧腰果酚乙酸酯增塑PVC研究

首先,以腰果酚(cardanol)与乙酸酐为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在无溶剂常温条件下合成了腰果酚乙酸酯(CA)。然后,以甲酸为催化剂双氧水为氧源合成环氧腰果酚乙酸酯(ECA)。考察了合成ECA的用量对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的热失重曲线、邵氏硬度、玻璃化转变温度、拉伸强度与断裂伸长率的影响。结果表明,随着增塑剂用量从20份增加到90份,PVC的热稳定性和断裂伸长率逐渐增加,拉伸强度、邵氏硬度以及玻璃化温度逐渐降低;与未加入增塑剂的PVC树脂及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯增塑的PVC树脂相比,所合成的ECA具有良好的增塑效果。     

无毒环保型增塑剂对聚氯乙烯性能的影响

选用了邻苯增塑剂(DOP)、柠檬酸酯类增塑剂（ATBC、ATOC）、对苯增塑剂（DOTP）、偏苯增塑剂（TOTM）及新型植物基增塑剂ID-37制备了增塑PVC材料,对所制备的PVC材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度、180℃热稳定性进行表征,测试结果表明,180℃静态热稳定性DOTP与TOTM最优,DOP与ID37次之,ATBC与ATOC相当。增塑剂对力学性能影响较小,对硬度差异影响较大,其中DOTP与TOTM所增塑PVC材料硬度比其余四种高约5度（邵氏A）。DSC测试结果表明,TOTM及ATBC增塑PVC的Tg相对较高,约为-22℃,其余四种较为接近,约为-25℃。     

增塑剂TP-95用量对丙烯酸酯橡胶性能的影响

研究醚酯类增塑剂TP-95用量对丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)性能的影响,并与增塑剂DOP进行对比.结果表明:增塑剂TP-95的增塑效果优于增塑剂DOP,增塑剂TP-95增塑ACM硫化胶的耐热老化性能较好,耐油性能相当;随着增塑剂TP-95用量的增大,ACM胶料的门尼粘度下降,硫化胶的硬度、100％定伸应力和拉伸强度减小,压缩永久变形无明显变化,耐低温性能和耐油性能显著提高.     

PVC糊树脂颗粒特性对增塑糊陈化行为的影响

选用5种不同牌号的PVC糊树脂制备出增塑糊,研究了PVC糊树脂的颗粒特性对增塑糊陈化行为的影响。结果表明:①小粒子可填充在大粒子之间,从而降低增塑剂的填充量,自由增塑剂更多,成糊后初始黏度较低;②与紧密型糊树脂相比,松散型糊树脂的增塑糊黏度稳定性更好;③分子质量越大,真实密度越大,增塑糊黏度稳定性越好;④对于紧密型糊树脂,低黏度的增塑糊在陈化过程中大粒子会发生沉降,导致糊中粒子分布不均一。     

大豆油对丁腈橡胶增塑作用的研究

以环保大豆油用作丁腈橡胶(NBR)增塑剂,研究其用量对NBR胶料门尼粘度、流变性能和物理性能的影响,并与增塑剂261进行对比。结果表明:与增塑剂261增塑NBR胶料相比,大豆油增塑NBR胶料的门尼粘度和表观粘度较小,增塑效果和加工性能较好;当增塑剂用量为5份时,大豆油增塑NBR硫化胶的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率较大;但随着增塑剂用量的增大,大豆油增塑NBR硫化胶的物理性能变差。     

粉煤灰/PVC复合材料流变性与力学性能调控规律

研究了粉煤灰/PVC复合材料流变性与力学性能调控规律,考察了增塑剂和粉煤灰对体系流变性和剪切黏度影响,以及增塑剂量与复合材料力学性能的关系,确定了制备粉煤灰/PVC复合材料的最佳工艺。结果表明,粉煤灰/PVC共混体系流变性与粉煤灰和增塑剂的添加量密切相关,加入增塑剂可有效降低PVC剪切黏度,有利于制备高填充量的粉煤灰/PVC复合材料。在增塑剂添加量为30%(质量分数)、注塑温度为190℃条件下混炼12 min,制备得到粉煤灰填充量为75%的复合材料,其拉伸强度为7.2 MPa,弯曲强度为28.3 MPa。     

PVC用大分子增塑剂的乳液法PVC用大分子增塑剂的乳液法合成及其应用研究

以苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和马来酸酐（MAH）为原料,采用乳液聚合法合成一种新型PVC增塑剂（St—co—BA—co—MAH）。考察了反应温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量以及第三单体MAH的用蕈对共聚反应的影响,确定了最优反应工艺,同时刘该助剂的结构进行了表征;考察其增塑的PVC（聚氯乙烯）材料与DOP增塑的PVC材料应用性能。结果表明：聚合反应温度为80℃,引发剂质量分数为0．8％,乳化剂质量分数为2．5％时,所得乳液的稳定性最好;当合成大分子增塑剂用量逐渐增大时,PVC试样的力学性能更好,且耐抽出性能优于使用相同量DOP增塑的PVC材料。     

生物基增塑剂HM-828性能及其对PVC性能的影响

研究了新型环保生物基增塑剂二乙酰环氧植物油酸甘油酯(HM-828)的结构及主要性能;选用环氧大豆油(ESO)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)、已二酸二辛酯(DOA)、偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)及HM-828为增塑剂分别制备了增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC),对添加40份增塑剂的PVC制品的动态热稳定性、热老化质量损失、拉伸性能、硬度等进行表征。结果表明:六种增塑PVC混合物料中,DOA扭矩最小,加工能耗最低;HM-828的增塑性能与DOP和DINP相近;DOP/DINP/DOA/TOTM四种物料的耐热性不及HM-828和ESO;六种增塑PVC制品的热老化质量损失为DOADOPDINPHM-828TOTMESO;其拉伸强度均大于20 MPa,断裂伸长率均大于270%;以DOP/DINP/DOA增塑PVC制品的邵氏硬度比另外三种高出7度左右。     

增塑剂对旋转模塑用PVC增塑糊性能的影响

通过增塑剂种类及用量对旋转模塑用聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑糊粘度及其粘度稳定性、脱气性能、凝胶化性能的影响及温度对凝胶化性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:选择自身粘度较小且溶剂化能力较弱的增塑剂及随增塑剂用量增加,PVC增塑糊粘度下降、粘度稳定性逐渐变好,有利于PVC增塑糊的排气性能提高,延长PVC增塑糊的凝胶化时间。通过调节加热温度及时间可在一定范围内有效控制凝胶化过程,以期获得制品所需性能。     

聚氯乙烯增塑糊脱气性的研究

一、引言 聚氯乙烯增塑糊,是用高分散性的PVC树脂加稳定剂等各种添加剂和增塑剂调制成的糊状物。增塑糊具有独特的加工工艺,它的加工性能及最终制品的质量无疑是决定于增塑糊的性能,主要包括增塑糊流变性能,胶凝特性,塑化特性和脱气性等。国内外学者对影响增塑糊流变性能和胶凝塑化特性的影响因素,特别是糊用PVC树脂的颗粒特征的影响及其机理进行了广泛的研究。     

PE-C增韧PVC防水卷材的性能研究

为改善聚氯乙烯(PVC)防水卷材的性能,用不同组分的氯化聚乙烯(PE-C)与PVC共混,并用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)作为增塑剂进行改性.结果表明,随着PE-C、DOP含量的增加,PVC防水卷材的拉伸强度、硬度单调减小,其中拉伸强度最低减小47.6%,硬度最低减小9.8%;断裂伸长率和熔体流动速率单调增加,最大增加值分别为62%、644%.比较不同组分试样的拉伸曲线发现,DOP含量为20 g,PVC、PE-C配比为70/30时,其拉伸曲线有屈服现象产生;但PE-C含量对拉伸曲线的形态无影响,无屈服现象.扫描电子显微镜照片从微观形态上验证了实验结果的合理性.     

Blends of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) and waste flexible poly(vinyl chloride) with waste nitrile rubber powder

Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with varying contents of plasticizer and finely ground powder of waste nitrile rubber rollers were prepared over a wide range of rubber contents through high‐temperature blending. The effects of rubber and plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate) content on the tensile strength, percentage elongation, impact properties, hardness, abrasion resistance, flexural crack resistance, limiting oxygen index (LOI), electrical properties, and breakdown voltage were studied. The percentage elongation, flexural crack resistance, and impact strength of blends increased considerably over those of PVC. The waste rubber had a plasticizing effect. Blends of waste plasticized PVC and waste nitrile rubber showed promising properties. The electrical properties and LOI decreased with increasing rubber and plasticizer content. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1552–1558, 2004     

PVC/锯末塑木材料的研制

以锯末和PVC胶粘剂为主要原料，用高速混合机制备了PVC／锯末塑木材料，并通过平板硫化机热压成型，制备出了新型的PVC／锯末塑木板材；测试了塑木板材的拉伸强度，弯曲强度，冲击强度，拉伸弹性模具，弯曲弹性模量等力学性能，讨论了增塑剂和胶粘剂用量对塑木板材性能的影响，实验结果表明：随增塑剂用量的增大，PVC／锯末塑木板材的刚性下降，韧性升高；随胶粘剂用量的增大，PVC／锯末塑木板材的力学性能和耐水性均有提高。     

Synthesis and application of a novel cardanol‐based plasticizer as secondary or main plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

A novel plasticizer based on cardanol, hydrogenated cardanol glycidyl ether acetic ester containing phosphaphenanthrene group (HCGEP), was prepared and incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. The molecular structure was characterized with Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR spectroscopies. The thermal degradation behavior and flame retardant performance of PVC films with HCGEP as secondary or main plasticizer were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, combustion tests, limiting oxygen index tests and morphological analysis of residues. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of PVC films were examined based on the results of tensile testing. The results were compared to those of the petroleum‐based plasticizer dioctyl phthalate. With the substitution of dioctyl phthalate with HCGEP, PVC films exhibited high thermal stability and better flame retardant performance. The tensile test results showed that the addition of HCGEP could endow PVC resin with well‐balanced properties of flexibility, strength and hardness. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

塑化温度和成型温度对增塑PVC及PVC／PNBR弹性体力学性能的影响

当塑化温度分别为135℃和150℃时,通过测定不同成型温度下（145、150、155、160℃）压片制得的增塑PVC和PVC／PNBR共混物的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、硬度和拉伸永久变形,研究了塑化温度和成型温度对试样力学性能的影响。结果表明：①150℃塑化温度下,物料塑化得更完全,PVC分子链间的作用力增强,试样的拉伸强度、拉伸永久变形、硬度增大;②在成型温度为145-155℃范围内,试样的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度随成型温度的提高都显著增大;③与塑化温度相比,成型温度对试样力学性能的影响更大。     

紫外光辐照交联聚氯乙烯的研究

研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)在增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)存在的情况下,以二苯甲酮(BP)为光敏剂、三丙烯酸三羟甲基丙烷酯(TMPTA)为交联剂的紫外光辐照交联。实验证明:光敏剂对交联有着显著的影响;经过辐照,可大幅度提高PVC制品的硬度及拉伸强度。     

PVC/TPU/NBR三元共混物的制备及性能研究

对PVC／热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）／SR三元共混物的性能进行研究，重点讨论NBR品种、TPU／NBR并用比、PVC聚合度、增塑剂DOP和硫化剂DCP用量对PVC／TPU／NBR三元共混物性能的影响。结果表明。PVC／TPU／NBR-3604三元共混物的物理性能较优；PVC／TPU／NBR-3604三元共混物的拉断伸长率和拉断永久变形均随着PVC聚合度的增大基本呈上升趋势；随着增塑剂DOP用量的增大，共混物的邵尔A型硬度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度和拉断永久变形均基本呈下降趋势，拉断伸长率增大；随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大。共混物的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率变化不大，撕裂强度基本呈逐渐减小的趋势。不同PVC／TPU／SR三元共混物的扫描电子显微镜照片表明，NBR与PVC和TPU的相容性较好。     

Synthesis and characterization of polymeric plasticizer from PET waste and its applications in nitrile rubber and nitrile–PVC blend

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste is not biodegradable; thus, it will create environmental hazards if disposed in landfills. Therefore, the only way of addressing the problem of disposal of post-industrial and post-consumer PET wastes is through recycling. The polyester plasticizer for polyacrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and polyacrylonitrile butadiene–polyvinylchloride rubber blend (NBR–PVC) was obtained by the depolymerization of PET waste with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. The PET waste was depolymerized until a polymeric plasticizer with the average molecular weight in the range of 450–900 g/mol was obtained. The polymeric plasticizer was characterized for acid and hydroxyl numbers, viscosity, density, FTIR, NMR and TGA/DTA thermogram. The prepared polymeric plasticizer was used in the preparation of nitrile rubber and nitrile–PVC rubber blend rubber sheets, where these sheets were tested for compatibility, tensile strength, elongation-at-break, hardness and ageing properties. Nitrile rubber and nitrile–PVC blend sheets were also prepared using DOP as a plasticizer and a comparative study with the synthesized polymeric plasticizer was made. It was observed that synthesized polymeric plasticizer provides excellent tensile properties and ageing resistance for high-performance applications as compared to that obtained from DOP. The end uses for nitrile rubber and nitrile–PVC rubber blend compounds are quite diverse, but they can be loosely categorized as being either general performances or higher performance applications. Each of these performance categories requires a different set of considerations in terms of compounding with plasticizers.     

The effect of an epoxidized plasticizer on the thermo-oxidative ageing of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber thermoplastic elastomers

The effects of an epoxidized plasticizer on the mechanical properties and thermo-oxidative ageing behaviour of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) were investigated. Aged and unaged blends were characterized by FTIR, tensile properties, tear strength, hardness and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The properties of the epoxidized soya oil (ESO) plasticized TPEs were compared with those of the di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DOP) plasticized counterparts. The presence of epoxide groups in ESO has been shown to produce two conflicting effects. On the one hand, the presence of excessive epoxide groups has resulted in poor ageing behaviour. On the other hand, it has resulted in a good interaction and compatibility with PVC/ENR. It was found that the tensile strength of the ESO plasticized blends were comparable with the DOP plasticized ones, but the elongation at break (EB) of the ESO blends fell short of that of the DOP blends. Also the retention of both tensile properties for the ESO blends was poorer than for DOP blends. Hardening and embrittlement also occurred in the ESO blends. Despite these weaknesses, ESO could be an ideal plasticizer for the PVC/ENR system as indicated by plasticizer permanence and the greater efficiency of plasticization. © 1998 SCI.