一种新型软开关SRM功率电路及其控制时序

为了消除或降低功率变换器中电力电子器件的开关损耗,抑制开关过程带来的电磁干扰,提出一种软开关型开关磁阻电机(SRM)功率变换器主电路.电路采用并联型准谐振直流环节为SRM相开关开通提供零电压条件,给相开关并联电容器则保证了相开关的零电压关断.在介绍主电路拓扑基础上,分析了电路的控制时序及工作模式转换,并通过仿真验证了控制时序的正确性和电路的软开关性能.     

电动叉车用开关磁阻电机新型集成功率变换器

针对电动叉车用开关磁阻电机（SRM）制动过程中的能量回收问题,研究一种可实现多端口能量灵活转换的新型集成式功率变换器。新型集成式功率变换器采用交错并联双向DC/DC变换器作为传统SRM功率变换器的前端电路,可以在电动及发电模式之间灵活切换。采用超级电容与铅酸蓄电池混合储能,回收减速和下放货物的能量,实现再生制动,并用于加速和举升货物。仿真试验表明所设计新型集成式功率变换器能满足电动叉车频繁起停的要求,并可减小输入输出端的电流波纹,提高能量回收效率。     

基于导抗网络的电压型隔离双向DC/DC变换器

根据导抗网络的基本特性,提出一种新型双向直流变换器(bidirectional DC/DC converter,BDC)。分析了所提双向变换器在boost模式和buck模式下电路的工作模态。由导抗网络的基本特性可知,在任意的工作模式下,都可保证变换器中全桥变换器交流侧的功率因数为1,可使回流功率为零以提高系统效率。分析了双向变换器中的物理量关系,给出了变换器中变压器、导抗网络参数优化设计的规则,提出了双向变换器的信号调制策略及相应控制策略。实验结果表明所提BDC性能优良。     

无刷直流电动机转矩脉动抑制

通过对无刷直流电动机(brushless DC motor,BLDCM)典型PWM调制控制方式的分析,对新型的PWM开关模式进行了研究,证实了它能消除非换相区的非导通相绕组的二极管续流,进而大大降低非换相区转矩脉动.在该电机系统的换相区转矩脉动抑制方面,通过对换相区开与关不同相的上升与下降电流的分析,并基于功率变换器直流侧供电电压与电机反电动势的固定关系能消除换相区转矩脉动的机理,提出了在功率变换器主电路的直流侧增加ZETA变换器,当进入换相区时由可控的ZETA变换器向功率变换器供电,供电电压保持4倍于电机反电动势.通过实验证实了系统的非换相区和换相区转矩脉动抑制效果.     

光伏中压直流变换器串联系统控制策略研究

针对光伏中压直流变换器串联系统中光伏发电单元功率失配导致的变换器输出过电压及功率损失问题,分析了光伏直流变换器串联系统运行特性,推导了限电压控制下串联系统光伏功率损失与光伏发电单元功率不均衡度及变换器输出电压限幅值之间的关系;提出了改进型Boost全桥隔离功率模块拓扑及其调制策略,基于功率模块输入并联输出串联形成模块级联型直流变换器,通过占空比灵活调节,实现直流变换器宽输出电压范围运行,解决直流变换器调压能力不足导致的功率损失问题;针对光伏直流变换器串联系统复杂运行工况,提出了串联系统直流变换器自适应电压分段式控制策略,实现了串联系统直流变换器多模式自适应稳定运行。研制了3kV/80kW功率模块及20kV/500kW光伏中压直流变换器,基于3台直流变换器输出串联实现了光伏中压直流变换器串联升压并网系统实证应用,现场实验结果验证了所提直流变换器拓扑方案的可行性与控制策略的有效性。     

准单级功率变换的高效单相三端口功率因数校正变换器

由于Boost型功率因数校正(PFC)变换器输出电压必须高于交流电压峰值,因此当负载电压较低时,其需要级联直流/直流(DC/DC)变换器,不利于系统效率提高。以优化PFC变换器随电网电压变化的瞬时效率、进而提升整体效率为目标,研究了一种单相三端口PFC变换器。通过将传统三电平Boost变换器的低压侧分压电容直接用作负载输出端口,并构造出一个高压端口,可以实现交流输入侧和直流负载侧之间的准单级功率变换,有效减小了系统中功率变换的级数,从而实现PFC变换器整体效率的提升。此外,准单级功率变换的特性还有利于减小后级DC/DC变换器的电压电流应力和功率损耗,进一步提高交流/直流(AC/DC)变换器的整体效率。文中详细分析了三端口PFC变换器的工作原理和控制策略,建立了损耗分析模型并进行了仿真验证。最后,利用2kW实验样机验证了所研究变换器在改善系统效率方面的有效性。     

小母线电容电动汽车集成充电系统控制研究

研究了一种电动汽车电机驱动与车载充电集成系统的充电控制策略.该集成系统通过共用电机驱动和车载充电的功率变换电路,并将电机绕组用作充电电感,可减小电动汽车功率变换电路的空间占用和成本.此外,该集成系统直流母线采用小容值薄膜电容取代传统大电解电容,不仅可进一步减小系统体积,还可提高系统可靠性.该系统在充电状态下,电网侧变换器工作于二极管整流模式,母线呈现直流半波脉动电压.针对该工作特点,研究了基于Boost电路工作原理的电池侧双有源隔离型直流变换器正弦功率充电控制策略,在直流半波脉动母线电压条件下实现了电池有效充电,同时保证了电网电流具有良好的谐波性能和功率因数性能.最后通过实验样机对该控制策略的有效性进行了验证.     

SRM容错型功率变换器设计与控制

针对功率变换器在整个开关磁阻电机(SRM)驱动系统(SRD)中容易发生故障的问题,此处提出了一种新型的基于三相四桥臂容错型功率变换器,使电机在开关管开路和短路故障下也能全功率运行。首先,为了便于分析所处工作模态,根据电感位置曲线将转子位置划分为6个位置区域,并对其中的两个位置区域的工作模态进行讨论分析;其次,针对所提功率变换器,提出相应的实时故障诊断策略和重构容错拓扑的控制方法;最后通过搭建的仿真模型和实验样机验证了所提功率变换器的可行性和容错能力。     

基于双变压器的复合式谐振三电平零电流开关变换器

针对分布式光伏发电接入中压直流配电网的应用场合,提出了一种基于双变压器的复合式谐振三电平变换器。新型变换器是在传统中性点钳位型三电平电路的基础上,通过添加一个辅助电路实现了基础三电平电路的固定占空比运行,变换器工作于电流断续模式。其中,基础三电平电路传输大部分功率,而辅助电路采用脉宽调制方式,可以实现基础三电平电路在全负载范围内的零电流开关,从而显著降低变换器的开关损耗。重点讨论了辅助变压器变比和谐振电容对开关管电流、谐振电压峰值、谐振电感值大小的影响,提出了相应的参数设计指导原则。最后,制作了一套300～1 500 V/2 kW原理样机对所提变换器的性能进行了验证。     

开关磁阻电动机新型功率变换装置

文章首先通过对两种常用的四相开关磁阻电动机(SR)功率变换器主电路进行分析,给出了新型功率变换器主电路。结合5.5kW四相SR电机调速系统的研制实践,通过增加DC/DC变换器提高放电电压加速绕组放电、改善电流波形、提高输出功率。最后给出实验结果。     

Series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count

This paper proposes a novel zero‐current‐switching series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (insulated‐gate bipolar transistors, IGBTs), two resonant capacitors, and only one high‐voltage transformer (HVT) with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. The leakage inductances of the transformer's primary windings together with the resonant capacitors form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of the HVT is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the secondary voltage. The converter operates in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and its output voltage is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. Therefore, all the power switches turn on and off at the zero‐current switching condition. The main features of the proposed converter are its lower core loss, lower cost, and smaller size compared to previously proposed double series resonant high voltage DC–DC converters. The experimental results of a 130‐W prototype of the proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the excellent operation and performance of the converter. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

LLC resonant DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of transformer

This paper proposes a zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) LLC resonant step up DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of the transformer. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (MOSFETs), two resonant capacitors, two resonant inductors, and only one transformer with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. Resonant capacitors and inductors along with the primary windings of the transformer form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with an interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of transformer is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the output voltage. The converter operates within a narrow frequency range below the resonance frequency to achieve ZVS, and its output power is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. The converter has lower conduction and switching losses and therefore higher efficiency. The experimental results of a 500‐W prototype of proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the good operation and performance of the converter. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A ZVS‐ZCS phase shift full bridge DC‐DC converter with secondary‐side control for battery charging applications

The output power requirement of battery charging circuits can vary in a wide range, hence making the use of conventional phase shift full bridge DC‐DC converters infeasible because of poor light load efficiency. In this paper, a new ZVS‐ZCS phase shift full bridge topology with secondary‐side active control has been presented for battery charging applications. The proposed circuit uses 2 extra switches in series with the secondary‐side rectifier diodes, operating with phase shift PWM. With the assistance of transformer's magnetizing inductance, the proposed converter maintains zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the primary‐side switches over the entire load range. The secondary‐side switches regulate the output voltage/current and perform zero current switching (ZCS) independent of the amount of load current. The proposed converter exhibits a significantly better light load efficiency as compared with the conventional phase shift full bridge DC‐DC converter. The performance of the proposed converter has been analyzed on a 1‐kW hardware prototype, and experimental results have been included.     

Pulse current regenerative resonant snubber‐assisted two‐switch flyback‐type ZVS PWM DC‐DC converter

In this paper, a two‐switch high‐frequency flyback transformer‐type zero voltage soft‐switching PWM DC‐DC converter using IGBTs is proposed. Effective applications for this power converter can be found in auxiliary power supplies of rolling stock transportation and electric vehicles. This power converter is basically composed of two active power switches and a flyback high‐frequency transformer. In addition to these, two passive lossless snubbers with power regeneration loops for energy recovery, consisting of a three‐winding auxiliary high‐frequency transformer, auxiliary capacitors and diodes are introduced to achieve zero voltage soft switching from light to full load conditions. Furthermore, this power converter has some advantages such as low cost circuit configuration, simple control scheme, and high efficiency. Its operating principle is described and to determine circuit parameters, some practical design considerations are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed power converter is evaluated and compared with the hard switching PWM DC‐DC converter from an experimental point of view, and the comparative electromagnetic conduction and radiation noise characteristics of both DC‐DC power converter circuits are also depicted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 74–81, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20081     

非隔离双向四端口直流变换器及其控制策略研究

针对多端直流输电系统中的潮流汇集、分配以及电压变换需求,提出了一种基于双向buck+boost变换器的非隔离双向四端口直流变换器。所提出的直流变换器只需经过DC-DC单级升降压变换,提高了变换器的效率和功率密度;相对于传统多端口变换器通过公共交流母线或公共直流母线连接的方案,该变换器无需采用母线电容和交流变压器,降低了变换器体积和成本,提高了系统可靠性;该变换器中任意一个输入到输出端口之间均构成一个双向buck+boost变换器单元,各个单元在功率回路不存在相互耦合,控制更易实现。在PSCAD/EMTDC平台中搭建了四端双极柔性直流输电系统仿真模型,对直流变换器潮流分配和电压变换功能进行了仿真分析,并研制了双极四端口直流变换器原理样机,进行了相应的动模实验验证。仿真和动模实验结果表明,该直流变换器能够有效实现直流潮流分配和电压变换功能。     

Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多相多重复合型PWM DC-DC变流器分析

分析了单相、两相,四相ＰＷＭ ＤＣ－ＤＣ变流器的电路工作特性,并对这几种变流器的输出电压和电流波形及交流分量进行了仿真分析和比较,分析和实验证明,多相多重ＰＷＭ ＤＣ－ＤＣ变流器具有工作效率高,电流纹波小,电磁兼容性好,输出功率大等一系列优点。     

Zero-current Switching Series Resonant High-voltage DC-DC Converter with Series-connected Primary Windings of Center-tapped Transformer

Abstract—This article proposes a novel zero-current switching series resonant inverter-fed voltage multiplier based high-voltage DC-DC converter. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (insulated-gate bipolar transistors), two resonant capacitors, and only one high-voltage transformer with center-tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half-bridge network. The leakage inductances of the transformer's primary windings together with resonant capacitors form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating power switches with an interleaved half-switching cycle. The secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer is connected to a voltage multiplier circuit to rectify and boost the voltage. The converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode, and its output voltage is regulated by pulse-frequency modulation. Therefore, all the power switches turn ON and OFF at the zero-current switching condition. The main features of the proposed converter are lower power loss, less cost, and smaller size compared to previously proposed series resonant high-voltage DC-DC converters. The experimental results of a 130-W prototype of the proposed converter are presented both for dynamic and steady-state operation. The results confirm the excellent operation and performance of the converter.     

A Zeta-based switched-capacitor DC-DC converter topology

This article proposes a new Zeta-based switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter, which has many advantages such as increased voltage gain, decreased duty-cycle, lower voltage stress on components such as its capacitors and input switch, and increased output power over traditional dc-dc converter structures. In traditional converters such as Zeta converter, there is only one coupling capacitor, which works as a medium for transferring the power between input and the output. However, in the proposed Zeta-based converter, there are multiple coupling capacitors, which are used based on dc-dc SC converter principles. By using these switched coupling capacitors, the mentioned advantages are obtained for the proposed structure, which in turn make this converter more applicable for industrial applications. The analysis has been validated by comprehensive and precise comparisons and experimental results.     

一种并联输入并联输出的宽范围双向隔离DC/DC变换器

目前,DC/DC变换器广泛应用于新能源发电、电动汽车以及锂电池化成分容等领域。针对低压大电流双向功率传输应用场合,提出了一种输入并联输出并联的宽范围双向隔离DC/DC变换器。该变换器由2个相同的两级式DC/DC变换器组成,前级采用高效率LLC谐振变换器作为直流变压器,以实现电气隔离;后级采用交错式Buck/Boost变换器,保证宽范围电压输出和高动态性能。所提变换器能够实现功率的双向传输,且采用了一种功率方向改变时,无需进行功率流向判断与开关逻辑切换的调制策略,简化了系统的控制策略并提高可靠性。设计了1台3 kW的实验装置,实验结果验证了所提变换器及其控制方法的可行性和有效性。